The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMPPZeLGdbN
Ars Goetia1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡClyImPqM2W
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi2rHxXbtGN
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi96J77jddz
2) Duke Agares1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIzYNigZZYm
3) Prince Vassago1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdeURzJlckt
4) Marquis Samigina1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgeckZNag4R
5) President Marbas1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPmhozNfCeo
6) Duke Valefor1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVpVCDJScYM
7) Marquis Amon1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsNwsnfEV5c
8) Duke Barbatos1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI0niAdnKHV
9) King Paimon1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeG1dZyoEFC
10) President Buer1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH3wDdbKEFt
11) Duke Gusion1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrKox3MZiPo
12) Prince Sitri1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWTwN2xZdSX
13) King Beleth1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3UCYa3hcnn
14) Marquis Leraje1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDiDUXGHlEn
15) Duke Eligos1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkCMZrLXvks
16) Duke Zepar1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaTPCsHwHsK
17) Count/President Botis1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTKiQBFEy2z
18) Duke Bathin1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmrBOgY7Fnk
19) Duke Sallos1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ0zyZIf1aF
20) King Purson1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt93RYXI8ei
21) Count/President Marax1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbLsxbcmDLJ
22) Count/Prince Ipos1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9ti9RMtVKc
23) Duke Aim1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSGdj7wFTOT
24) Marquis Naberius1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKhEoehAbpQ
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBE2SeVXmMN
26) Duke Buné1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGCv4RmRtzI
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIEG6s2dyzr
28) Duke Berith1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXTbzvtYRfx
29) Duke Astaroth1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEMXKfxEu40
30) Marquis Forneus1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy1iJZX0sLx
31) President Foras1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrUWq82vTPY
32) King Asmoday1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfTztnFXMWv
33) Prince/President Gäap1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMpEmeDihbQ
34) Count Furfur1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD8UOgxvkPm
35) Marquis Marchosias1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkKePu7n2Yx
36) Prince Stolas1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeoCZ6Nu8eH
37) Marquis Phenex1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYEac800hnW
38) Count Halphas1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEyHvwXvnb9
39) President Malphas1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa60GaenHPJ
40) Count Räum1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTGiuS6tn8B
41) Duke Focalor1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Xls520bVf
42) Duke Vepar1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT9lvrzXy6k
43) Marquis Sabnock1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoXXYqqOvDL
44) Marquis Shax1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9FIGVWN5h0
45) King/Count Viné1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ftimEK75r
46) Count Bifrons1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkhp2GJDMjA
47) Duke Vual1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcniAafqv66
48) President Haagenti1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhqJ5M2NyXY
49) Duke Crocell1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOm1aY6JTEv
50) Knight Furcas1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ28DkdSEb04
51) King Balam1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ9Vg1IlemC
52) Duke Alloces1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGbWaQzXg6M
53) President Caim1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvtaei0VepV
54) Duke/Count Murmur1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb85v8Fpcij
55) Prince Orobas1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4VhHBz9XBa
56) Duke Gremory1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv4BmH4VZgb
57) President Ose1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKkFnCkLYnU
58) President Amy1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb0ACnHqDDm
59) Marquis Orias1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWL56KLOXFd
60) Duke Vapula1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn1zcaKWTGv
61) King/President Zagan1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9kNNNJAbsV
62) President Valac1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzYxdDQVsD4
63) Marquis Andras1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqhP24DF0BX
64) Duke Flauros1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv7QS0il8wn
65) Marquis Andrealphus1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4mQUidzQRH
66) Marquis Kimaris1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9kEsfo1fR1
67) Duke Amdusias1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcDuJVIerkR
68) King Belial1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFapGsuR4ib
69) Marquis Decarabia1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAysS2zp1Xc
70) Prince Seere1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfNTEYRFQNi
71) Duke Dantalion1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoquArjeNT7
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBvAofz2g6I
Ars Theurgia Goetia1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdavsrSyY8E
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7HhTcBDbS6
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Ars Paulina1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTKuCAFziGl
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2d4Q7z1IYc
Ars Almadel1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCY8zT71QHE
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ1bPLubTPD
Ars Notoria1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQYxZ5M3WxM
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXD8XV6mwy7
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnQO8YSKuTf
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYchcrIPi2O
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH1rbGCezhu
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl0zA49lVsD
5 Invidia (Envy)1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUz10ZMaR04
6 Ira (wrath)1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ56l4lrfuGg
7 Acedia (sloth)1136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcZh7ujcaTJ
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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