The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrggvrWXXdj
Ars Goetia1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAFRnMWUnDe
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9jGhwK7IWg
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg3kjSibkfd
2) Duke Agares1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdjglaMf3yg
3) Prince Vassago1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtvLBiGuNqY
4) Marquis Samigina1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJUtPm99gpf
5) President Marbas1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1nLzWKq7cQ
6) Duke Valefor1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4U42cQNVJC
7) Marquis Amon1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡApCtY70mDG
8) Duke Barbatos1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeYFCe5fsh9
9) King Paimon1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAlKtT7JMPl
10) President Buer1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj5pQ0TTbpu
11) Duke Gusion1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa9t9ut8e9u
12) Prince Sitri1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI8xCER7rSD
13) King Beleth1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsjDxsljtY1
14) Marquis Leraje1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCin48OAHCY
15) Duke Eligos1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxCcXlcD7oh
16) Duke Zepar1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa70MKJJzZ1
17) Count/President Botis1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRx069LLP9Z
18) Duke Bathin1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZRwH0KMyXB
19) Duke Sallos1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLFDXQ2KXNe
20) King Purson1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiRwAW0md56
21) Count/President Marax1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDJwlSDizWw
22) Count/Prince Ipos1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ4ss3a4Dws
23) Duke Aim1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA8RE16za9X
24) Marquis Naberius1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbhgMHLwnrU
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW2dgkYe2rb
26) Duke Buné1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAk3hOoj9CS
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdAuxXwGNe7
28) Duke Berith1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwsAlp0q1V3
29) Duke Astaroth1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxNbEJk4DMV
30) Marquis Forneus1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5j4LX35FOA
31) President Foras1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRDKDigZyOp
32) King Asmoday1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJJxXkmfFpB
33) Prince/President Gäap1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBJg5tDSUhF
34) Count Furfur1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKok94ywUm5
35) Marquis Marchosias1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡokz7oFCIuT
36) Prince Stolas1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkPcMk7jNot
37) Marquis Phenex1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXtzP6he4UT
38) Count Halphas1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvMWew3XaSA
39) President Malphas1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXW9tx5xLI5
40) Count Räum1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYP8e6MXfsO
41) Duke Focalor1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡllE308DGMb
42) Duke Vepar1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSFADYR2Vvk
43) Marquis Sabnock1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAUkbdwjo2p
44) Marquis Shax1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg7915iUISo
45) King/Count Viné1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz81thn8Ctm
46) Count Bifrons1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu3AJbZ1sy8
47) Duke Vual1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjhv9McX3Tl
48) President Haagenti1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Wp1EWK0DP
49) Duke Crocell1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡucgbj1gKds
50) Knight Furcas1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLuAE0PBFDP
51) King Balam1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoRQZVAu6Wy
52) Duke Alloces1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtl6pGkfkz3
53) President Caim1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk6VPa6CgIE
54) Duke/Count Murmur1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtVhs58wgp8
55) Prince Orobas1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsuGy0Or3A1
56) Duke Gremory1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBZnKcpGAIG
57) President Ose1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCsNo2Ramls
58) President Amy1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQsAhkmkCGp
59) Marquis Orias1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpnlGqmsiU6
60) Duke Vapula1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYuU75dMr2H
61) King/President Zagan1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡak2nm0qaPU
62) President Valac1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo51Oe2qq3T
63) Marquis Andras1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsDyHOqmABA
64) Duke Flauros1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBv8aFpLj0k
65) Marquis Andrealphus1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhvMx2uA7KF
66) Marquis Kimaris1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx1kGeAX8KH
67) Duke Amdusias1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQNwYW1kTS2
68) King Belial1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1udW3oJtpq
69) Marquis Decarabia1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ4nRG9Qxq4
70) Prince Seere1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYawqduOGyB
71) Duke Dantalion1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx0r8KFBNnQ
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡam3c6Obytq
Ars Theurgia Goetia1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeiQx4XN3Lr
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡszkb9SG2H7
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Ars Paulina1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXjTXIOQbuw
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXatcVzXcBi
Ars Almadel1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMVAAqKxlbY
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRHXwm5Jt4s
Ars Notoria1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4rhfmyiBdr
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVKv4PfNUIZ
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoOYBBrDb4N
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdR1u0VDdVe
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ83cYOdWTrR
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZmERPQL3w2
5 Invidia (Envy)1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzaqa08nKGs
6 Ira (wrath)1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡajc7xYFn4p
7 Acedia (sloth)1098Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdSKSXXU92p
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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