The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM47Y6TmpH9
Ars Goetia1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4nTGBmJUXF
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8lw7gM6Xkf
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6iaGr1pyXe
2) Duke Agares1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ4J6APn2pW
3) Prince Vassago1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpLgWbixcU4
4) Marquis Samigina1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi17LR0e76c
5) President Marbas1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhEMnxGEiie
6) Duke Valefor1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHEIWCA4lvg
7) Marquis Amon1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb9FQ1Qn2oO
8) Duke Barbatos1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEHsSvJu5oV
9) King Paimon1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOJ96zuGzxI
10) President Buer1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZpXTfKD23U
11) Duke Gusion1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3KWnNmaNJA
12) Prince Sitri1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPQFkNiC2kv
13) King Beleth1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7BrdLqWHyg
14) Marquis Leraje1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKF5sDvsu3b
15) Duke Eligos1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhMQEOsBdbc
16) Duke Zepar1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2j6zoA0biV
17) Count/President Botis1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHSRJW8Xy7Q
18) Duke Bathin1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmo3TCUEt9M
19) Duke Sallos1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb3kyKGLCRs
20) King Purson1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4HZtFO2v1F
21) Count/President Marax1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoiEFx7dZAV
22) Count/Prince Ipos1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKu3PIjY0NS
23) Duke Aim1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX7etzigIgz
24) Marquis Naberius1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRlxG3hHjEk
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdte8U4gCiY
26) Duke Buné1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0W4UpY8nS7
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTO1dVFewW8
28) Duke Berith1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaS9HgYxOmA
29) Duke Astaroth1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡag0acr9PTX
30) Marquis Forneus1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5BCsPDMaex
31) President Foras1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhgrDMJxCPc
32) King Asmoday1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq19xBwU9gv
33) Prince/President Gäap1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWtGU3UOZXn
34) Count Furfur1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPP84YNf6jd
35) Marquis Marchosias1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlrfdMF8T5J
36) Prince Stolas1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeGaQfqj1J4
37) Marquis Phenex1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF8YumlG0eO
38) Count Halphas1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf0yyBg9PFS
39) President Malphas1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJaZxV3T7fc
40) Count Räum1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Wh0bK6IDq
41) Duke Focalor1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNtvk40lUKK
42) Duke Vepar1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy3XUrjP5G3
43) Marquis Sabnock1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbjxhAlxoe7
44) Marquis Shax1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDN8grjqFdg
45) King/Count Viné1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMW42csOBaU
46) Count Bifrons1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVoCXiL4K4k
47) Duke Vual1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMLH2PMd13J
48) President Haagenti1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMIylfaDMsh
49) Duke Crocell1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoFmTs2YE6K
50) Knight Furcas1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkggAU87KBO
51) King Balam1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsjya8zQGDZ
52) Duke Alloces1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUdyI0eQDsp
53) President Caim1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLRU2yck56p
54) Duke/Count Murmur1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4LHV7aXW36
55) Prince Orobas1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSy29RkMqLs
56) Duke Gremory1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDt3WYtZsvF
57) President Ose1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHbjAgSQCft
58) President Amy1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOTkz4rwE3d
59) Marquis Orias1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9jyKFOBvSi
60) Duke Vapula1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAJ3Uxv4xmD
61) King/President Zagan1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡao913hqDj2
62) President Valac1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4K9Ij9SBb1
63) Marquis Andras1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRtEf7LdeZp
64) Duke Flauros1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyhRILiSulv
65) Marquis Andrealphus1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaYeBLcuK7t
66) Marquis Kimaris1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0D7h09Dt3F
67) Duke Amdusias1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPNJeeeQFlp
68) King Belial1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrhtYTdCbms
69) Marquis Decarabia1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2CbWO0Zwdf
70) Prince Seere1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz5NS4HRQw5
71) Duke Dantalion1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0nRh3cFhXV
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwHkEwI2Jup
Ars Theurgia Goetia1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpetjErM27i
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnpMr7EbxJZ
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Ars Paulina1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjOyoDg589r
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG5ZUtOjiYH
Ars Almadel1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ032HtZvN3s
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtsdo89gHtB
Ars Notoria1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD12aQyxP3E
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2QkcPjAh4n
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKfLURD3xPr
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP3T2suaN45
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzyltFywIUm
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXkItE9CZLx
5 Invidia (Envy)1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC4UezbegZZ
6 Ira (wrath)1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5EyJ8etqwM
7 Acedia (sloth)1145Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4klS6CXqvC
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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