The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQDsNdu8xXt
Ars Goetia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvu2Cmw2Kur
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsbFA4aj2VG
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwcJdsJRX7a
2) Duke Agares1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCOXVS4aTte
3) Prince Vassago1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh8u3VYpgK1
4) Marquis Samigina1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcRpzKhqvml
5) President Marbas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ23gsTtVQw5
6) Duke Valefor1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIVwgtkkSpR
7) Marquis Amon1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRais4RTV5h
8) Duke Barbatos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡucZRNUbNAA
9) King Paimon1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNdYObBC00E
10) President Buer1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvRoMZINm8X
11) Duke Gusion1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvuo2o0smTh
12) Prince Sitri1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4fYxuGLzUN
13) King Beleth1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEgjXcWN7JX
14) Marquis Leraje1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOIePedHRsQ
15) Duke Eligos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdtmhLbEHYV
16) Duke Zepar1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWGafjRI8Ct
17) Count/President Botis1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm5nLwsHNHV
18) Duke Bathin1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCJP2XDwvYl
19) Duke Sallos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ39zfESEClO
20) King Purson1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoLLAYvMvnf
21) Count/President Marax1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpftW9SML1o
22) Count/Prince Ipos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVdU0T5yfFD
23) Duke Aim1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL3qjuZo6gY
24) Marquis Naberius1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡThOoTD3ANI
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo1FMqJoLvM
26) Duke Buné1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvxjDdwhiWQ
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeMx0Qkd69c
28) Duke Berith1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwBVfw8MCQN
29) Duke Astaroth1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhRqsdiz5yJ
30) Marquis Forneus1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNJNC5VJqnc
31) President Foras1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2bRvrhbLxU
32) King Asmoday1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ9ukg5wL0B
33) Prince/President Gäap1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv4iPp0RGaj
34) Count Furfur1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIllqTNxOqB
35) Marquis Marchosias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0dI1xHlO75
36) Prince Stolas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP9eZYpLUS2
37) Marquis Phenex1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqyYHBON8Xt
38) Count Halphas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0d6bacghD1
39) President Malphas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWXNpevCuMa
40) Count Räum1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ7rpRr9E6i
41) Duke Focalor1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMjl7CFW8Bg
42) Duke Vepar1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN5fpTPFgC3
43) Marquis Sabnock1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwPXlU88Yei
44) Marquis Shax1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBU6g8hNlSz
45) King/Count Viné1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyZz9jIbMvL
46) Count Bifrons1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZqj1qyiFF4
47) Duke Vual1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQIEvbsqBU7
48) President Haagenti1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1m1uFxhrQ0
49) Duke Crocell1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLwURlnlACC
50) Knight Furcas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZcRDThdHJ7
51) King Balam1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaF4RrtpyXu
52) Duke Alloces1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcw85aM5j9K
53) President Caim1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn40WU8Y1f0
54) Duke/Count Murmur1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbUb5h4hzF7
55) Prince Orobas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYGPMgYcCuB
56) Duke Gremory1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG4ohxUYIVN
57) President Ose1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaSk6fDAc4I
58) President Amy1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk6uCY6OBBB
59) Marquis Orias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Z2DZFRquZ
60) Duke Vapula1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcNMYk0eTUR
61) King/President Zagan1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeBzEvN6Mlm
62) President Valac1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx31FdiAksZ
63) Marquis Andras1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxHE8pUpjbw
64) Duke Flauros1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxGGlanSYMb
65) Marquis Andrealphus1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ95TvbZpf1T
66) Marquis Kimaris1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡylaJH7JUXY
67) Duke Amdusias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB5XEra0t8b
68) King Belial1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsxEI7kMmsE
69) Marquis Decarabia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGNZoqHA05H
70) Prince Seere1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVbSeNatVyw
71) Duke Dantalion1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPBC81orHPk
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfQb0IWGQbt
Ars Theurgia Goetia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeTb40aUral
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvNBeVC10bb
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Ars Paulina1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWrhPsJRwp4
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkWOLAnuHbU
Ars Almadel1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDcnBSYkxhe
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWkrMZxzWCs
Ars Notoria1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYuzHqsIYQd
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkch8rAv1MW
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSDlczvLkfn
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfbAcbdbhqX
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUYmvj18IpH
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGOcU5IrCe0
5 Invidia (Envy)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpdPNuqSZaJ
6 Ira (wrath)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB2sdc0RGC2
7 Acedia (sloth)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeQCikDc80g
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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