The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrqP5dV68q6
Ars Goetia1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVrZtoJ53MA
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd3M1BDWrlC
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuN5bvNOFlP
2) Duke Agares1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkhKfTQtlD1
3) Prince Vassago1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuMA39zwCrI
4) Marquis Samigina1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrvRmWX5YmO
5) President Marbas1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgyCdfL2LYT
6) Duke Valefor1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ23M2Ejt41R
7) Marquis Amon1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3IF6FcBlrR
8) Duke Barbatos1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4QNa8OCNCP
9) King Paimon1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZWP0BgKXPw
10) President Buer1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSkqLdtC0z7
11) Duke Gusion1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaK3sJaaCWU
12) Prince Sitri1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOjUXaUNsHw
13) King Beleth1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqjOPr0V7jO
14) Marquis Leraje1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnhLcJKWr9f
15) Duke Eligos1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyRoMvLFzWs
16) Duke Zepar1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoKy9ro8qc8
17) Count/President Botis1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8pjh6nwqwD
18) Duke Bathin1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPCZG6lSNLh
19) Duke Sallos1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxATz27U9cb
20) King Purson1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBJqod6hgSY
21) Count/President Marax1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQMeRvMokew
22) Count/Prince Ipos1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡelBMkBdN2h
23) Duke Aim1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF13rXKm0qm
24) Marquis Naberius1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ94OvhLLKkC
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4xTj8qztRg
26) Duke Buné1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiQlW3mtlpw
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJpaglfApnw
28) Duke Berith1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5bizMNvxmh
29) Duke Astaroth1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5iIVLPjGg4
30) Marquis Forneus1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdXPsq5DywO
31) President Foras1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaMMbe82TvU
32) King Asmoday1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNEeFhYavQf
33) Prince/President Gäap1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBvojhh5WZm
34) Count Furfur1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcIPAM63pWF
35) Marquis Marchosias1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7aSbFAE80n
36) Prince Stolas1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ414IOtdsZ
37) Marquis Phenex1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2szAaLfqCe
38) Count Halphas1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSQSyHcrKon
39) President Malphas1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1N7pFkyAa7
40) Count Räum1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZVW29fgnQF
41) Duke Focalor1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPELHO6815h
42) Duke Vepar1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2idiqj0u9k
43) Marquis Sabnock1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOmMgq3vwqa
44) Marquis Shax1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAwGPT4zvrZ
45) King/Count Viné1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpY7yKSWgAB
46) Count Bifrons1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEGJB6KsHFs
47) Duke Vual1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnL2gYYrtiR
48) President Haagenti1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDxKZYUcOCs
49) Duke Crocell1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwJHHZlYEtH
50) Knight Furcas1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFysPIfwdFs
51) King Balam1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpoiVsNlszk
52) Duke Alloces1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCXZAN9YMFY
53) President Caim1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQId7JWnD8r
54) Duke/Count Murmur1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIQLzbh1CMj
55) Prince Orobas1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGiTLcsBq2g
56) Duke Gremory1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡljq2gKyA43
57) President Ose1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg5omVYUBUP
58) President Amy1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaAvydCiIjv
59) Marquis Orias1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuJPcjwtq7m
60) Duke Vapula1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFXXukGHEfM
61) King/President Zagan1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz6i5G7WVIz
62) President Valac1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl5tfcQctvp
63) Marquis Andras1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEa52n0Lclk
64) Duke Flauros1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ggSmKJdzv
65) Marquis Andrealphus1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeGdFnxyerY
66) Marquis Kimaris1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr9QOTcIn0j
67) Duke Amdusias1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcpqrZfyyMp
68) King Belial1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0LsNFQVRP3
69) Marquis Decarabia1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRNUgZu0bsM
70) Prince Seere1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxyEQzKSwzS
71) Duke Dantalion1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfRf4Q53yPK
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk9uQ3qMf0o
Ars Theurgia Goetia1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2rq41CuF9r
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfnDR8MWPYk
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Ars Paulina1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCTr49Mh3SO
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhKWaDpZOCk
Ars Almadel1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUvcaBW7pHZ
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVGKdcCEnNS
Ars Notoria1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQCH266k8o4
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEsCO4rxCTb
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFqiZ9C0Vzu
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡunZVsY8mql
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAwIPQUTDPl
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2LvDi2ObRR
5 Invidia (Envy)1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUmXpY4sXKA
6 Ira (wrath)1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaGd1aUqrnt
7 Acedia (sloth)1137Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTfRDCRyxoU
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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