The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwVVcl7yisG
Ars Goetia1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4e3XuSm7ze
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡavsqjySlAi
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAIAdr2uaDu
2) Duke Agares1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUVq79ZeRQU
3) Prince Vassago1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAVx0N2G6yw
4) Marquis Samigina1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWNl99FmFPA
5) President Marbas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGYxJK7LFEh
6) Duke Valefor1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEmL8aVQiFs
7) Marquis Amon1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKBkWBSHTda
8) Duke Barbatos1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1A3tv3Jeik
9) King Paimon1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgQSkXhtRpR
10) President Buer1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNwC4c2H0VV
11) Duke Gusion1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP3x0h9Wxdf
12) Prince Sitri1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe1jXxUtJgk
13) King Beleth1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡusNryyitaJ
14) Marquis Leraje1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCQnI8hSqmW
15) Duke Eligos1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuyfdm6iqX6
16) Duke Zepar1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡym1R09ylxD
17) Count/President Botis1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHbseROoBbS
18) Duke Bathin1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS4hzc29TNk
19) Duke Sallos1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGSKLfHNhzq
20) King Purson1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn14ErDdao5
21) Count/President Marax1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuCgbmMdU5A
22) Count/Prince Ipos1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpXnIrTCW4h
23) Duke Aim1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy1mCEHd3hH
24) Marquis Naberius1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVS44utAzAh
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeveNqEHVqx
26) Duke Buné1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMC9B9hLLD2
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ84Bza1uItb
28) Duke Berith1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCzDjrmi9PU
29) Duke Astaroth1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8DHOqjzvam
30) Marquis Forneus1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7xcdgKSV5n
31) President Foras1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbo1BLnBOfs
32) King Asmoday1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIWkFlQarXq
33) Prince/President Gäap1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUF8IhoJztI
34) Count Furfur1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTOp7wo8eyU
35) Marquis Marchosias1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsrvqTU011O
36) Prince Stolas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2Jf6K7H1cL
37) Marquis Phenex1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnIPeHnpXmK
38) Count Halphas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEq9GSM3Nhq
39) President Malphas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnUn20UXLHo
40) Count Räum1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYMNFbibYLO
41) Duke Focalor1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS2nKs6bXi9
42) Duke Vepar1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0NMwVaRjQL
43) Marquis Sabnock1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRRvZJmXhbW
44) Marquis Shax1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd0IOmCZQMU
45) King/Count Viné1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ35vKBN7YlP
46) Count Bifrons1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9JGjpdSRvw
47) Duke Vual1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQkzN6qjv5r
48) President Haagenti1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSBAlwZi4aq
49) Duke Crocell1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGObNIxm9Ev
50) Knight Furcas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdD92FfHgGm
51) King Balam1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfLRm4TMJGm
52) Duke Alloces1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQLNbFZ7e5E
53) President Caim1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL2h3eu9GEL
54) Duke/Count Murmur1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHqYGpnZMs9
55) Prince Orobas1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPSKG3OTsS1
56) Duke Gremory1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIqbfCWVYpt
57) President Ose1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbDiM2rzEwp
58) President Amy1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3VMfegiwTD
59) Marquis Orias1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOKVzwgf5fr
60) Duke Vapula1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ94wQcdMveP
61) King/President Zagan1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQFRu9BSMR0
62) President Valac1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkkdjOzyDaN
63) Marquis Andras1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUk46z6RBSf
64) Duke Flauros1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUXWQsEACCN
65) Marquis Andrealphus1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkKIodLUje0
66) Marquis Kimaris1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEurPiEsKzP
67) Duke Amdusias1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ99uvQR2rBL
68) King Belial1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmYJNxQscqO
69) Marquis Decarabia1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡADr6guqc8t
70) Prince Seere1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL49wY97D9w
71) Duke Dantalion1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUyi6SWJIre
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYh8b0qRirT
Ars Theurgia Goetia1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6SlWwthop3
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJNvWyG1maZ
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Ars Paulina1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYQsSza4sGh
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZT7PUcU4xO
Ars Almadel1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvjTdqfEUgM
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAXGoHReL4N
Ars Notoria1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgjN6MvYVBI
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4cgBcoxn3Z
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1xcZRnzLov
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz8cSAL1X4s
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ52Pffppugy
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVYsCVLdWx6
5 Invidia (Envy)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUD83BHEVsi
6 Ira (wrath)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmMddZsRSLW
7 Acedia (sloth)1144Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU6yv34b25M
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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