The Lesser Key of Solomon, also known as Clavicula Salomonis Regis or Lemegeton, is an anonymous grimoire (or spell book) on demonology. It was compiled in the mid-17th century, mostly from materials a couple of centuries older. It is divided into five books—the Ars Goetia, Ars Theurgia-Goetia, Ars Paulina, Ars Almadel, and Ars Notoria.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdMH5oJin5v
Ars Goetia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIrWPkImnU5
The most obvious source for the Ars Goetia is Johann Weyer's Pseudomonarchia Daemonum in his De praestigiis daemonum. Weyer does not cite, and is unaware of, any other books in the Lemegeton, indicating that the Lemegeton was derived from his work, not the other way around. The order of the spirits was changed between the two, four additional spirits were added to the later work, and one spirit (Pruflas) was omitted. The omission of Pruflas, a mistake that also occurs in an edition of Pseudomonarchia Daemonum cited in Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, indicates that the Ars Goetia could not have been compiled before 1570. Indeed, it appears that the Ars Goetia is more dependent upon Scot's translation of Weyer than Weyer's work in itself. Additionally, some material was used from Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, the Heptameron by pseudo-Pietro d'Abano, and the Magical Calendar.
Weyer's Officium Spirituum, which is likely related to a 1583 manuscript titled The Office of Spirits, appears to have ultimately been an elaboration on a 15th-century manuscript titled Le Livre des Esperitz (of which 30 of its 47 spirits are nearly identical to spirits in the Ars Goetia).
In a slightly later copy made by Thomas Rudd, this portion was labelled "Liber Malorum Spirituum seu Goetia", and the seals and demons were paired with those of the 72 angels of the Shemhamphorasch, who were intended to protect the conjurer and control the demons he summoned. The angelic names and seals were derived from a manuscript by Blaise de Vigenère, whose papers were also used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Rudd may have derived his copy of Liber Malorum Spirituum from a now-lost work by Johannes Trithemius, who taught Agrippa, who in turn taught Weyer.
This portion of the work was later translated by S. L. MacGregor Mathers and published by Aleister Crowley under the title The Book of the Goetia of Solomon the King. Crowley added some additional invocations previously unrelated to the original work, as well as essays describing the rituals as psychological exploration instead of demon summoning.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6BrpssrOqZ
The Seventy-Two Demons
The demons' names (given below) are taken from the Ars Goetia, which differs in terms of number and ranking from the Pseudomonarchia Daemonum of Weyer. As a result of multiple translations, there are multiple spellings for some of the names, which are given in the articles concerning them.
1) King Bael1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnd9ccGquCu
2) Duke Agares1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9RuIRYivCM
3) Prince Vassago1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIZV7XWtDxo
4) Marquis Samigina1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM918inqpCj
5) President Marbas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQLG1c4ueuC
6) Duke Valefor1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHTUVUqstYZ
7) Marquis Amon1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWKmhbiZVOQ
8) Duke Barbatos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNC3OhxJCVF
9) King Paimon1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM8lMWlu4Qz
10) President Buer1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaynN5ZwYYk
11) Duke Gusion1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGSjwPlEP1A
12) Prince Sitri1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5TqVw1Fz8Q
13) King Beleth1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTwqxP2ZJc7
14) Marquis Leraje1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxUK8ub9vcz
15) Duke Eligos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQG1cBlf9oo
16) Duke Zepar1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP0zSqAq03y
17) Count/President Botis1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvXObFGOEQS
18) Duke Bathin1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVmkS7ADmSS
19) Duke Sallos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAbIiGn6WPa
20) King Purson1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEadGYpn7ex
21) Count/President Marax1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJqPnjh0Eqi
22) Count/Prince Ipos1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡilWjyQmb5k
23) Duke Aim1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYY9j7DCuO0
24) Marquis Naberius1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZynbPIEn55
25) Count/President Glasya-Labolas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiTHhzONV46
26) Duke Buné1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ04FEoMY3mf
27) Marquis/Count Ronové1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH6QO2ZaKu2
28) Duke Berith1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9lGWcdDT0U
29) Duke Astaroth1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWtqRdoURD2
30) Marquis Forneus1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2z3YXopddO
31) President Foras1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJVlgXm3Sgk
32) King Asmoday1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUbEE2tX9Qp
33) Prince/President Gäap1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvse81dhPZq
34) Count Furfur1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUjjOpIsXmj
35) Marquis Marchosias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzldDFEQkqn
36) Prince Stolas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPM8kQUFQhM
37) Marquis Phenex1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF2IoxZgmau
38) Count Halphas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLbISHE31gx
39) President Malphas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMXh14gvGBU
40) Count Räum1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1NDpKCgcgW
41) Duke Focalor1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJWz824NMNf
42) Duke Vepar1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXwSmpk8IoP
43) Marquis Sabnock1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6sTwBdVEyH
44) Marquis Shax1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4AyY3R6M7a
45) King/Count Viné1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1iUNwqY2Qi
46) Count Bifrons1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1LiOAj4wpY
47) Duke Vual1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaRfBffCBdz
48) President Haagenti1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu3e1kOgnvo
49) Duke Crocell1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQOXdHlxOVe
50) Knight Furcas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqbm0rrZnZy
51) King Balam1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGYSJdrVyxv
52) Duke Alloces1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd91VwWC8iP
53) President Caim1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaembViIsfu
54) Duke/Count Murmur1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYl1ubsrMNg
55) Prince Orobas1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlHa0iRWrrr
56) Duke Gremory1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBXWS6BcMbw
57) President Ose1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB6mzpHKXc5
58) President Amy1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2Q8wPTRzb2
59) Marquis Orias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuf6JTMOtwN
60) Duke Vapula1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWkj1vjCKmL
61) King/President Zagan1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo4K1RY5leZ
62) President Valac1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdLp1Ypu9hW
63) Marquis Andras1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZqTSU2t9o7
64) Duke Flauros1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYYqTD4IS2h
65) Marquis Andrealphus1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnQGDvJMiHo
66) Marquis Kimaris1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlHVq8tawRR
67) Duke Amdusias1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaH6HwGEB7r
68) King Belial1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpL3Hx1kzle
69) Marquis Decarabia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUj70jdIXHj
70) Prince Seere1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJwh6q74jg3
71) Duke Dantalion1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0F5qeHjqDo
72) Count Andromalius
The demons are described as being commanded by four kings of the cardinal directions: Amaymon (East), Corson (West), Ziminiar (North), and Gaap (South). A footnote in one variant edition instead lists them as Oriens or Uriens, Paymon or Paymonia, Ariton or Egyn, and Amaymon or Amaimon, alternatively known as Samael, Azazel, Azael, and Mahazael (purportedly their preferred rabbinic names).[10] Agrippa's Occult Philosophy lists the kings of the cardinal directions as Urieus (East), Amaymon (South), Paymon (West), and Egin (North); again providing the alternate names Samuel (i.e. Samael), Azazel, Azael, and Mahazuel. The Magical Calendar lists them as Bael, Moymon, Poymon, and Egin, though Peterson notes that some variant editions instead list '"Asmodel in the East, Amaymon in the South, Paymon in the West, and Aegym in the North"; "Oriens, Paymon, Egyn, and Amaymon"; or "Amodeo [sic] (king of the East), Paymon (king of the West), Egion (king of the North), and Maimon."1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzrMgG8rar8
Ars Theurgia Goetia1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE57wdRz1NJ
The Ars Theurgia Goetia mostly derives from Trithemius's Steganographia, though the seals and order for the spirits are different due to corrupted transmission via manuscript. Rituals not found in Steganographia were added, in some ways conflicting with similar rituals found in the Ars Goetia and Ars Paulina. Most of the spirits summoned are tied to points on a compass, four Emperors tied to the cardinal points (Carnesiel in the East, Amenadiel in the West, Demoriel in the North and Caspiel in the South), sixteen Dukes tied to cardinal points, inter-cardinal points, additional directions between those. There are an additional eleven Wandering Princes, totaling thirty one spirit leaders who each rule several to a few dozen spirits.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDUWES6xpNr
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Ars Paulina1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKL0cX7OYXa
Derived from book two of Trithemius's Steganographia and from portions of the Heptameron, but purportedly delivered by Paul the Apostle instead of (as claimed by Trithemius) Raziel. Elements from The Magical Calendar, astrological seals by Robert Turner's 1656 translation of Paracelsus's Archidoxes of Magic, and repeated mentions of guns and the year 1641 indicate that this portion was written in the later half of the seventeenth century. Traditions of Paul communicating with heavenly powers are almost as old as Christianity itself, as seen in some interpretations of 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 and the apocryphal Apocalypse of Paul. The Ars Paulina is in turn divided into two books, the first detailing twenty-four angels aligned with the twenty-four hours of the day, the second (derived more from the Heptameron) detailing the 360 spirits of the degrees of the zodiac.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfYSB7RLA3Y
Ars Almadel1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwc3VBZU2Ip
Mentioned by Trithemius and Weyer, the latter of whom claimed an Arabic origin for the work. A 15th-century copy is attested to by Robert Turner, and Hebrew copies were discovered in the 20th century. The Ars Almadel instructs the magician on how to create a wax tablet with specific designs intended to contact angels via scrying.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQGMgkNEwhS
Ars Notoria1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKAYtT3GCJV
The oldest known portion of the Lemegeton, the Ars Notoria (or Notory Art) was first mentioned by Michael Scot in 1236 (and thus was written earlier). The Ars Notoria contains a series of prayers (related to those in The Sworn Book of Honorius) intended to grant eidetic memory and instantaneous learning to the magician. Some copies and editions of the Lemegeton omit this work entirely; A. E. Waite ignores it completely when describing the Lemegeton. It is also known as the Ars Nova.1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOPD8WnMbRJ
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It has also been said to be the origin of Pandora's box and where the seven deadly sins were born.
1 Gula (gluttony)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpeaKfL3gbV
2 Luxuria (lust, fornication)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrVyISoiet3
3 Avaritia (avarice/greed)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVy7kL8z98W
4 Superbia (pride, hubris)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH6t9Wqq8iu
5 Invidia (Envy)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQWjrGqhIYG
6 Ira (wrath)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtMed8L4Uk1
7 Acedia (sloth)1141Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5DzUbxmLep
If you look any further into it, beware your surrounding... You will uncover, the truth.
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