一個正常人的紅血球，表面約有二百萬條決定ABO血型的H antigen左右;646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmxxGWpfU8N
除了紅血球外，H antigen均可在血管內側及大多數器官內膜上找到，可以算之為非常普遍。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm8FA7QcAw6
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRTaoIjopVT
雖然現今科技非常發達，全世界的科研人數亦有一定的數量，但是暫時還沒有人找得出這些H antigen的真正作用究竟是甚麼。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4IAbTxDiVh
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS8N7LItncl
至少，莫論你的血型是A還是B、是AB還是O，大家亦能健健康康的成長。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2u38hBHnRK
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOPkvzfJSf4
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdoH9nxHr4I
只不過，有研究清楚的顯示，O型血液人們裡頭的某兩種蛋白質( factor VII 和 von Willebrand factor)的含量比其他血型人士少約百分之二十五左右。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF3KQE5FYME
這兩種蛋白質輔助血液凝固，缺少這兩種蛋白質的話將會導致血流不止的出現。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjL9IG5aIPm
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWEfJPmTe0b
反向作思考，血液裡頭這兩種蛋白質含量過高的話，亦將會增加血液凝固的機會，促成心臟梗塞的出現。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoeWPGTOeK1
然而，有數據指出，O型人士患心肌梗塞的機率的確是比其型血液的比較為低，可是詳細及箇中的機制尚未能搞得清楚。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoDY35bz6be
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsmwfUazo0l
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZNZX1C1ysZ
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ63fZJJXQmy
「Osh! 我可是O血型的! 更甚的是，我吃薯條的時候也不會點上任何醬汁的呢!」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBl32ZOCUpl
聽到心肌梗塞的數據後，一名坐在後方吃著早晨全餐的男學生把薯餅高高舉起，一臉得戚的大聲宣揚起來。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSTD8HwQWzl
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8wrFW7i8T1
「咳咳..薯餅同學，吃過多油膩食物的話，O型血液應該也幫不到你多少的呢!」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXABuFBb94K
血時裝咳了幾聲，意味深長的作出回應。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOSSPUlOZhH
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXXZnT4pFyU
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk60CgELYAz
哈哈哈哈....哈哈哈哈哈!646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuGWovOfnry
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWnme02kUYk
此話一出，全班同學隨即大聲歡笑起來，那名薯餅同學只好面面相覷的低著頭，細口細口咀嚼薯餅，不敢再發任何一言。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEE0NXXuhVh
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJsVFUKpTjK
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQgg22S6NOf
大笑過後，血時繼續作出生動的講解起來。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRecRePoRBx
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4YnMhJP09b
「我們身體裡頭的免疫系統可是勞苦功高的，二十四小時不斷運作，未曾有一刻會作出休息。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBVMmcod7LU
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPZGXa1vCVU
若果我們的免疫系統這一刻像第五排由我右手邊數起的第三名穿著藍色背心的男同學一樣在昏昏欲睡的話，那就真的是非常大件事了，將會有一系列的感染發生呢!」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiUf7O47AKn
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZumPQluufN
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhwQiKeDmpZ
我們的免疫細胞會在血管裡頭二十四小時不斷巡邏，它們會利用細胞表面上的antigen(抗原)來判斷出對方是否外來入侵者，並對入侵者作出一系列的應對。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKRqPFYQpUh
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmi6UavqgOO
以O血型人士為例，自身紅血球上的薯條(H antigen)並沒有點上任何醬汁，故此便會把點上了茄汁或甜酸醬薯條(A、B或AB血型的H antigen)的紅血球視為外來物質，製作抗體作出對抗，並把外來的紅血球除掉。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMYgopwNvLr
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLvCUfJUTxw
______________________________________646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8oURnxao81
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkHkFi8sU0b
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Zl6IBTUhG
「血時教授，有時候我見到有人會在血型上寫上O+。那個加號是不是有著甚麼意思的呢?」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlT3CXfviX2
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUlPHyYNtFe
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPYoRFOTxl2
「唔，那個+號其實是另一種血型分類法的表達方式來的。」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU15kXT6Sza
除了ABO血型分類方法之外，另一種較為常見的就是Rh分類方式，簡易起見通常會以正負號作表示。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTP8NGEulwB
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkC3BqB1nbA
Rh分類法的產生源自於1939年一件悲慘的事件，在ABO分類法建立了四十年後左右。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Abfc3NdIK
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZXEl8tRogw
一名懷孕中的母親急需血液輸送，她的丈夫經過ABO血液檢驗被確定為適合的捐血者，因而理所當然地把自己的血液捐給自己的老婆。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDa9U6zV2uG
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTrKluEc3A2
無奈的是，排斥作用在捐血的過程後發生，母親的血液內含抗體把丈夫的紅血球一一消滅，產生了強大的副作用。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNLuEzsJPWh
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡek2ypNnyIk
最終，雖然保住了母親的性命，但胎兒卻不幸地喪生。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtoziO9nKDo
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY4lxMChMls
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOIsN9XV3M3
經過一輪驗證，事件相信是在母親懷孕的期間裡頭開始發生的。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKTmVVuHitb
她血液裡頭的免疫系統在懷孕時候遇上了胎兒紅血球的抗原(antigen)，認定為外來之物並因而產生抗體。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBQ0YiDX599
抗體通過胎盤進入胎兒裡頭，把其紅血球消滅，導致胎兒慘死的意外。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQyREtI3PWV
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbHIms7XTM7
然而，老公的血液裡頭有著如胎兒紅血球上一模一樣的抗原。因此在捐血的過程後，母親的免疫系統亦產生了劇烈的反應。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz0bYl6NIyd
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuPHsmgqSlC
在事件發生後的前段時期，科學家誤以為那紅血球上的抗源與恒河猴(Rhesus Monkey)所產生出的抗體吻合，故此便把那抗原命名為 Rhesus factor。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUmGaogIwU6
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzfGjk2ENRo
後來，經過多番驗證後，最終發現原來他們擺了烏龍，導致意外發生的抗原是為另一道抗源，並不是早前發現的Rhesus factor。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIwjgtrDeSi
但因為Rhesus 這個名字當時已廣泛使用的關係，所以便決定簡稱以Rh作最終命名，免卻Rhesus這名字所帶來的混淆及誤會。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGv5pXcc3ld
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5edKNuNuxV
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtnneyBNyye
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvPjXyKndLQ
Rh系統比ABO系統更為複雜，相比ABO只有3種抗原組合，Rh系統的抗原組合多達49種組別之多;646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVnfx563RLZ
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwmJ1zffKQk
ABO系統的抗原主要是由碳水化合物而組成，而Rh系統的則是由蛋白質組成。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiogHlOQjya
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWHbmT3B5fY
對於新生嬰兒及懷孕女士來說，Rh裡頭的D antigen相對上較為重要。正因如此，Rh系統裡頭的正和負就是代表著D antigen的存在與否。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡob0xWoh1km
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcOE14qURya
假設母親的紅血球並沒有D antigen，而父親的紅血球有著D antigen的話，其胎兒的紅血球便有機會在父親的遺傳下帶有D antigen。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5sidW6TMSq
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvs5n73Bb9I
母親自身沒有D antigen的關係，便會把嬰兒紅血球的D antigen視作為外來之物;646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡceKwyxYtdJ
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXB8DQX2FyZ
她的免疫系統因而針對D antigen產生抗體，通過胎盤進入的嬰兒的血液循環系統裡頭，消除其體內的紅血球。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU9d6oCuMDJ
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9VYa5h6cMS
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk44N0zMDbA
嘩....呀.....646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq6rvdsxf6M
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpfvFxaeI92
在場的女同學聽到這裡後，無不感到嘩然及驚恐起來，連忙拿起捐血咭查看自己究竟是正還是負。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB78GEmAtuy
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaBpTxP0QHb
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnCkuYrCk7e
「血時教授，在這裡我有一件事不太明白，為何在懷孕方面裡頭，我們好像只是會顧及Rh系統，而不太理會ABO血液系統的呢?」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzVpeS6hKk1
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxeYoyd6TeT
「Good Question!646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuujCTZs2lY
這位同學的Mid-term測驗我會私自加你1分!」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDMAu93sCc6
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaUcp6F33Bb
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7tJ0zsxoBu
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9uUYagO8Nn
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡISfKais5pS
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFj3IIdhTIb
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo0VYCZtFKW
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646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ05W8QmziQS
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHbLAFbFgPX
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPnxeBWPFkk
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfASJTcw4WS
「吓? 1分咁小?」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSTlwYfzVvE
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