在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcKaSKM72tY
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzgaGF2YVSm
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQZ98n0A2LQ
在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmm8LAztMdd
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCeXu1t9eMW
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbrbKPpC9QB
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK2Vr5K1hxR
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsDAO0ylZev
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK1O96MuvXf
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡITzZ6H9nRj
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5k00RsCUnS
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEYCLUZNz7i
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqCObsDXuM0
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9VXIKBGgac
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ84fWeBBhTz
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlkzsO6dvgt
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc3FH03KHAA
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPisqex3vKF
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwhjeJBkWR7
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhV6XVjD0ai
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSCa5X9X9qf
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHpRMG7qkOE
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJoUXlUd5m6
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡib9LueIptA
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3LK7dQUnzN
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3u5EsFQxkP
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeoOrzYWEWR
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOr3tu2ZhAd
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ibJ06mim9
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpJtLVwtWie
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl8CklSubJ0
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9foyr0SRZO
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvi1onmTAii
____________________________________629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXZwgmZR3zn
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNaEMZ8H8LQ
「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe0GMTfM5yy
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTkIel4qQqw
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCV1TWp0vON
「我是B+....」629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqJoAvfQRJW
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8WnfXFwuTX
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVGnf3yPtHJ
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3irZh39ofM
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9OK1FW6Pbn
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXkbBAg4LKT
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw6jadjcx4f
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvTKTDtc8a8
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbWeReF27yt
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT47K0VvVkU
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4R9lWcSiWi
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPZLR8a0F10
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbmkOh87fTh
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCwK2gl7HbO
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1W9yLIsMMa
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLX5A6G4xDy
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ59FPflbq6W
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVq9baYxV0r
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhkX8Szfbz6
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk6kgOqiBex
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQSd8Kinkk1
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVZcLni0Zoz
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAJBoje2Th0
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTiVKiNghFb
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo2Jbma6h4g
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLOddXwkAPp
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnJJysd3ogN
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyt7rAs7cFj
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxV9knCxYsh
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡicuZUNwUSg
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJm35Yaqs93
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCLjbUMpci0
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMvQpJI5ez3
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvJ9abLlZNB
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzOlCQWHhbV
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDmfkKTKt9k
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf3uIlvJhWa
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlcM6cGmi8B
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCZfPCapwqg
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡinuHe8omko
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7iJN5IWLOX
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxItGF107N7
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrQBoFZRIiP
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEKI3fmJlJS
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3VEACoPxiH
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfVUz1PJc4i
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI6fM2AkG5R
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCKAaVKA4a0
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKoDaDNF4am
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSCy2HCYYZB
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUdAvEr6l59
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡytgPOBN18s
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU92rPkKWDd
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxPlLJYzLwc
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTgVDJ8c5p9
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4GXLSURhQ6
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPNsPSzf5N2
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJuKlmyfW8E
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡviuhKCCzt3
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMpEH73KVVH
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT8LSHnfbLw
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡneSUiKzJZu
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD6DwrbHSUK
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqgC0wS0DEU
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIDpHvteawW
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo9xW6527Qh
______________________________________629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt0EcZrEx8q
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡicNQVjIGrd
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3RXtvH82p7
鈴...鈴...鈴.....629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtOtqEA8NQm
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡne1IR05wgs
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtPEmX6QIum
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6kqPjUvgdm
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdtzvPwCrCb
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOhcmtfl3Lv
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkSW7ClosUh
「血..血時教授...」629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLPko1Yx2rj
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG9wunozZxc
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiILGDxYtdi
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJCv1KLAF2A
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNJ2jBvsg9o
「......」629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPcjUw9fWz5
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmmh7M3xnFJ
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡribY6e6v9W
629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOdaoqSczX2
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」629Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFkFbjsbohU
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