在胎盤膜的阻隔下，胎兒與母親各自有著自己的血液循環系統。雖然各自的血液不會混和在一起，但氧氣、營養、代謝物及某幾種類別的抗體卻能夠通過胎盤網的微孔，互相在母子母女之間作出交換。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPQ2pKp02PO
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡczGX66VLzM
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZYTUCYJ6Xo
在母親懷孕的時期，其自身的一部份抗體將會經由胎盤傳送到胎兒的循環系統裡頭，為他或她抵禦外來物種的侵襲;646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyXMimLSIkP
胎兒的免疫系統在母體裡頭並未能夠發展得盡善盡美的關係，母親的協助是非常重要的。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjUbbliEX7k
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0aMDkD3RLU
這種無私的幫助看起上來的確非常美好，但無奈魔鬼在細節，當中亦牽伸出一個重要的問題ㄧ646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB0zPk3kBMk
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTXEiS4mCft
抗體的母嬰利益輸送，無形間造就了母體的抗體攻擊胎兒紅血球的契機，引起醫學界所稱為的「新生兒溶血症」(Hemolytic disease of the newborn,HDN)。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgXDVK1ZiLK
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxN5HRx0suq
新生兒溶血症的嚴重性取決於胎兒紅血球被收抗體所攻擊的程度，若果被幹掉的紅血球數量並不算多的話，胎兒通常均能自我抵禦得住，當中有機會產生輕微貧血或黃疸症狀，情況不太嚴重的話並不需要作出任何治療。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzut69cbkAg
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwu6M15obvE
但是，若果紅血球被過量分解的話，身體裡頭的膽紅素便會不斷的積聚下來。胎兒若果還在母體的話，膽紅素尚可經由胎盤透過血液系統傳遞到母親的肝臟裡頭作出分解，由母親為孩兒作出分擔。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ02ZOaCjKSY
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡERkNFjiJsw
若胎兒脫離母體，尤其是在出世後首二十四小時裡頭發生紅血球被過量分解情況的話，情況就真的是不堪設想;646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1ZaFJQ4ph7
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfGARc7jdfh
胎兒肝臟在初出世的期間並沒有足夠的能力分解過多的膽紅素，膽紅素的血液濃度會逐漸的增加，最終更會進入腦部，做成永久性的神經損毀。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡim5qr1tK4F
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjlffMNMiUQ
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6n8g2132CO
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGVWqNZSdwe
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0UIrv1DjD9
在新生兒溶血症方面，Rh系統的D antigen對比於ABO系統的H antigen顯得較為重要。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡagI9GD6Yg8
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7RzqxVbMSB
主要的原因分別有兩個，第一就是胎兒紅血球上的H antigen數量比成人紅血球為顯注的少，故此不太容易會觸發免疫反應。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNTnBKIuGEq
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7GFm8Bk04P
第二就是ABO系統的H antigen並不局限於在紅血球，在胎兒各種表皮及內膜的細胞上均能找到H antigen，因此母體的H antigen抗體遇上胎兒紅血球上的H antigen機會亦相對地大大減少;646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU5qLPZOJMI
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc7g8xh5RaD
相反，Rh系統的D antigen只會在紅血球上找到，其他器官及細胞並不存在D antigen，母體的D antigen抗體將會針對性的攻擊胎兒紅血球。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeDVFZePHza
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1XSqGYaP4F
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAVEA2wb9sZ
正因如此，在絕大多數的情況下，新生兒溶血症引致的致命情況均是由母體及胎兒的Rh系統不相容引起的。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFy1JXsDU80
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Sry6Ki0Ng
(亞洲人的族裔，約只有百分之二的人口持有Rh負血型。)646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGu9h1AekgF
____________________________________646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfL6qgxw3XV
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfDhnSqmhii
「克BB，我血型是A-哦，你呢?」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS0pioxjAr4
得悉Rh正負系統的重要性後，坐在席上的一位女生跟在旁的男同學嬌嗲的說了起來。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB4P8lSrHgJ
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgYxMcKDhtD
「我是B+....」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS2zLZjICSC
那名姓克的男生單手拿著捐血卡，神態自若的說著。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYCZrKC3rhQ
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB7ztf8q6WC
「吓.....? 正? 為甚麼你會這樣不差氣的?646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTbLQi4724k
我很喜歡小孩子的哦，那怎樣辦呀，BB?」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4tknZZ4FeI
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtJyZVrzYfP
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPqylW9bshh
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生正(有D antigen)，嬰兒便有機會是正(50或100%有D antigen)。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡierJr0MkZw
女生本身的紅血球沒有D antigen，嬰兒紅血球上的D antigen便會被視作為外來之物，被母體的免疫系統攻勢，引發新生兒溶血症出現的可能性; 那名女生是這樣的想著。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL35RCIFCqu
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqjXP7rEuVp
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbghs0JYFje
「喂，靚女，我姓馬，血型B-，名副其實是你的駙馬呢!646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5rCPdkkA1Q
有沒有興趣下課後一起看電影，互相了解一下對方?」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL9gWYKmKIi
那名女生身後的一名男生，洋洋得意不知羞恥的作出搭訕起來。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiGqXaFpCVE
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHhCU0Gig4R
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhn9WvaTszd
女生負(沒有D antigen)，男生負(沒有D antigen)，嬰兒便一定會是負(沒有D antigen)，新生兒溶血症的發生機會亦因而大大減低。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1PpSbUjw90
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡehxjA6O1te
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaIHDlkdH5w
「我對克BB的愛並不會因為這些正正負負影響得到的，你別痴心妄想啦!」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGPXuhEOhwL
那名女生大聲的作出責罵後，隨即窩在那名男生的懷中，展示出自己的恩愛。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡewcwoPO49Q
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Z8saNwMMZ
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTeU5faOHvY
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNykIPQ02TI
「唉，你也不是我的伯樂嗎....?646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqysFf0f0V2
世間上的伯樂全都死掉了嗎?646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡskXMUdf4Kl
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPEmHmwH797
我這隻絕世好馬，究竟應如何在這亂世中自處呢，天呀!」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtaNFssJGMM
那名姓馬的男生右手撥了一下頭上時髦的「花倫同學」的髮型，一臉恨鐵不成鋼的模樣。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTX5gCNf2IY
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWNpFtTroWb
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeMY7JmqIA3
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpEne2xmEDI
「其實，第一胎出現新生兒溶血症的機率應該是相對的較低吧!646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx1cScDlnZy
再加上現今科技如此先進，一定會有方法解決Rh正負所引起的問題!」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrmvogpuV3O
姓克的那位男生托了一下眼鏡，用著安慰的語氣對著那名女生說了起來。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8qQLW7LZ3y
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVrBa4dzlRv
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZZIVNK9NvN
馬同學、克同學及其在旁女生的對話，血時均聽得一清二楚。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUQOF74Hmox
對於克同學的見解，血時可是非常的認同。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxLLkKtn3wV
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyxPjJwEW5o
「這位男同學說得一點也沒有錯!」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡneJ2iUCWgS
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNa8IB5lDMp
胎兒和母體的血液循環系統均是獨立的個體，胎兒的紅血球在正常情況下是不會進入母體血液循環裡頭的。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRVM7dxCub3
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8iIvWYn2Hn
在Rh血型為負的母親來說，除非曾經在輸血過程中接受過擁有D antigen的血液，否則在自身的血液裡頭間理應是不會存有D antigen的抗體;646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr99IezT9j1
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAbxMdHexo6
這亦是Rh系統和ABO系統其中一種不同的地方，ABO的H antigen和天然間所存在的糖分結構非常相似。長久接觸底下，正常人體的血液均存在著對應的H antigen抗體。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtGLWXubMw4
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnTToFW4b4s
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZVVDtgdyU7
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcBlRBUY1Kd
雖則胎盤阻隔著母子的血液循環系統，但在母親產下第一胎的期間，過程中將會有很大的機會與胎兒的血液接觸。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡizGoMtiiiO
若胎兒為Rh正而母親為Rh負的話，這便會觸發母親體內D antigen抗體的產生;646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoWM51nLsoi
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMvTjz6YhHr
只不過，若果母親的ABO血型與胎兒的ABO血液不吻合的話，母親體內的H antigen抗體將會快速消除胎兒的紅血球，這時候D antigen暴露於母體免疫系統的機會亦會相對減低，有機會可以避免D antigen抗體的產生。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNsZn1YcMY9
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfm4bAGNxIz
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGhOCBEk6Ty
無論如何，這些由第一胎臨盤而產生出來的D antigen抗體，將會有很大的機會影響第二胎Rh正的胎兒。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡodTJkdNWEj
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVFVQRy1AYT
不過不用害怕，現今醫療科技發達，醫生均有著各種手段檢查胎兒的狀況，亦有各種方法檢測母體及胎兒的ABO及Rh血型。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZQyTeOAwrP
在某幾種情況下更會為母親注入D antigen的抗體，避免母親接觸到外來的D antigen，必要時更可為在母體內的胎兒輸血，更換死去的紅血球細胞。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMQR4ZZL7a3
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1QcS4LjSbA
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1sJvqoy6ug
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1LtfMhLd0G
因Rh系統不吻合而不能作出敦倫的情況，在現今的社會上是不會發生的。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcrVFUMPv7K
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2PrU9Zarb3
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0gM66KkD9R
______________________________________646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtQVeWQfl0b
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDSak5mwVOD
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD6GFbYUQkN
鈴...鈴...鈴.....646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFqlowEbNLO
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡecHGD6vl4Z
講解的時間過得特別快，說到Rh血液系統的時候下課鐘聲亦恰巧的響起。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡljwPOBSfi1
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2VAMcYfSlH
血時迅速的收拾個人物品，啪啪聲的關上電腦，比在座的學生們更快的離開演講廳。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFawe8Z5dZi
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡivFm6jny9w
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNBexqSxDzG
「血..血時教授...」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwscw6kh9pP
那名為茱燕的女同學本意是在下課的時候找血時商量一些事情的，奈何血時的行動實在過於迅速，她完全找不到任何的機會喝停血時。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgsihOHwGx9
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbVQuJkObsY
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNRgj0qqOiP
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF5SES4uiR7
「......」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2DB7WqqKMn
她打開演講廳的門口，四周張望，只見血時往著月亮咖啡店的方向奔跑起來。646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2vSNSLGT0p
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiqbYK5hA1Z
646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWMvWcEXXro
「你...沒吃早餐嗎?」646Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXN5VVb3Skn
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