A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFySq2vV5c0
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6Km1XoB9Ib
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTcKwvASZpr
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiniLQvsOb1
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA3yqK1krhk
try or install ubuntu230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwOhmOOHHHm
choose your language: english230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc4cdFlOmai
accessibility in ubuntu: next230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBtOGo9f1lZ
select your keyboard layout: english(US)230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL6qWPLPlzb
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfbOb4Xzq8G
install ubuntu230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe2eZ1f3kEO
interactive installation230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZh7vlByngx
extended selection230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrNP8f7najs
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwUdKvVtBzQ
check: download and install support for additional media formats230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxNWkGxaBQ4
erase disk and install ubuntu230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1CLvyi0DTd
choose sdb230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTUpO0PDge8
your name: buda 230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDJf0sA1TfT
your computer's name: vultr230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5GrdFHFe0G
your username: buda 230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqHFQ2tS1Q9
timezone: shanghai230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpn859VU9uu
install230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4HwlFdGK99
restart now230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMWTkbLJU8p
拔出U盘, 按enter键
230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq4Gvtt8XxI
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ41XioEBdLu
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE7OVDy9mP6
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCZaHyaTMb0
# cd /usr/src/glibc230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJeMZ1XkQdK
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt8z63xqnAn
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFlZ9DZv5P4
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7rbuSnYBSq
# usermod -a -G root buda230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIH20FF4dPB
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyqzmWtVql4
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvXxPSNPGDn
apt show rethinkdb230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡja2ZWOl5zR
apt remove rethinkdb230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRFnksTpGdg
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNIJxGvVVbw
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDWCDNA0ijT
sudo apt update
230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNY3yisBBpu
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDUhfIXXk1N
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFINUcDHzCd
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJG0bBP5o6o
编辑配置文件230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3BjRXsNxA9
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqNGj5IXU8f
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Umt1AhyKV
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlFHrqQnJCl
patch:230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNTQ8B0Aj2l
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJapY6KDEmk
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6IcpHbi2iV
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDPiA4yOYap
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu0CbbVkNEq
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGXoo6kkiNy
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4WBbplXI7n
--------------------------------------------------------------230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ57ZIuz1hUf
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWTsOEKn8Ny
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8iFPQ6N1VD
部署rime输入法：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzlQ6ieHcbY
# ibus restart230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4FMzMvvucz
# ibus engine rime230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8uSxHLfawV
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdRSnGhAjlJ
按shift键进行中英输入转换230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI9bhoUZQM7
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaApt7959az
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrFiNUceKgZ
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvM0YjYacip
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWfk4n3FH3k
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡabAwdIJvDp
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvRPob1N655
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0vAyAyo9gn
# cd ~/Downloads230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVUSXG7xHd4
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzA0i23K27w
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlhl08dqEGz
# node -v230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR1zLRBnVv4
# npm install npm@latest -g230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwrhCv0zRmS
# npm config get registry230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKgJxze54eN
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAi9MkbRPTN
如果想用回官方registry:230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8r9Vf8dF33
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaTuT0FSnpj
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq9dkYj0Tod
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8brAr4OWwM
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1C66yK5JJU
# nvm install --lts230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdD8wf4DADR
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1rSy8747GQ
npm i package_name230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq7BYSDNPar
项目更新230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8UVuIorWW0
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2EQQV5OJEM
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ5jPPuiwvS
如果不存在，生成证书230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT8GjFbaNrx
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg1VFxXsEND
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgfMCMg8amV
将证书拷贝到服务器230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKfRhuMYHzQ
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdGLfvNKmLG
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzYh6U9BJxF
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCYum2m5TwY
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYciNcnaAaw
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyrE4nkv0vB
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjlbasnmnJe
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiCArGzVTw9
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4laiq6Gah0
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHpfn9E7kS0
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe5PrCVCVCI
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcmahFcvGlS
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbvdDXjVzje
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRRpUASXm2w
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcDHuv6GBpv
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe6993fOmLH
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡecOQMWcDdq
# ufw allow 22230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNeVB5PCPon
# ufw allow 80230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV8I5PQKfLj
# ufw allow 443230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK6o5T7G9p7
# ufw enable230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMrafDrclEn
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYQNaQNZZGc
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyEhLITQ1jm
# passwd root230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR4yX8S3V1K
# usermod -a -G groupA username230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQIOsutjb7c
# groups username
修改hostname230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvQ63jLPc9a
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRMRXLab3W1
# lscpu
查看内存230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡweDWLRZ6CA
# free -h230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNTQcknyncs
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgubRghaSi8
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEoypgAa5Y3
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx7r1FKr6L4
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZtvcZNsNCL
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡld1YeUMIq6
用sudo执行：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7tc9HHTkKx
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpsjMzre29r
查看硬盘230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJtyqAx8IxD
# sudo lshw -c disk230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDOIdMzFxxX
查看分区230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0HxoBiOEGI
# sudo fdisk -l230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNl9LtbMZtF
查看磁盘剩余空间230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaDbZ72Fit7
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdXUQk6oLnN
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZvDn36uLBw
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhkAMdclOEw
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtDLaVtXPOl
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl4VIHyy7kl
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNVJwyOlKVl
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡblpfMgxzuK
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV13n6vjiq3
g：所属组（group）。230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSrRZxH9LVc
o：其他用户（others）。230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdLDlsvmc4B
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyOvRlv7Cx3
操作符：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtX9GfV09U9
+：添加权限。230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTqA1fp6l2K
-：移除权限。230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBmVdkmVetk
=：设置权限。230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOhGqvTVHcs
權限：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo0QlXOulil
r（读） = 4230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLLhDTLLk9Y
w（写） = 2230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIB9CA3ceCr
x（执行） = 1230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgV1dd8Vi7R
-（无权限） = 0230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡns5cyaNXLE
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm1oAOrvG1g
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL1xQUJhIsK
5 = r-x（4 + 1）230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDZid0Q07lZ
6 = rw-（4 + 2）230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSj4XsR6Jab
230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcb2Iuffepk
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV9eUHtf1H5
添加alias, 比如：230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1CrecWlIHS
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdenzvTbDAA
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2pPrlLblLh
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkjcBVDHMH1
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]230Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4F6Qo5q89h
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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ns216.73.216.146da2
