A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyQMRfRcUWI
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSpUutRSHBV
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSNofSYRVHm
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0lijzVHx1I
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlhNVemwtVO
try or install ubuntu169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX0U9UiQQES
choose your language: english169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRtktZDVduy
accessibility in ubuntu: next169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡacPqWrlw21
select your keyboard layout: english(US)169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjpDutZc7rr
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOrgzOPa6Ri
install ubuntu169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB2mWghoPgE
interactive installation169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXAAKmLP8Va
extended selection169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn3ENKW8hxU
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2AJDWgnsF6
check: download and install support for additional media formats169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn4OHSSdiRq
erase disk and install ubuntu169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWu1RoZOeVJ
choose sdb169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Wu2YXtXgN
your name: buda 169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ8ZB2cXB5U
your computer's name: vultr169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzTlc6LOVek
your username: buda 169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcTW10GVjhG
timezone: shanghai169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8zn5wTeaIc
install169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8gNg6UbCD3
restart now169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5XKVtVuT4W
拔出U盘, 按enter键
169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1PKnSy7WIJ
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRpUq3groDq
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7gGKKzYm9F
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6bWuCJikZ2
# cd /usr/src/glibc169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYBoHNxLCGX
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvBJrpeVrA3
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxHDdeWBMpD
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAwdGUjIMqd
# usermod -a -G root buda169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5oMamKXBQW
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ajSbZ1pPQ
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9xWBRDiO5B
apt show rethinkdb169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhYfefVBCW3
apt remove rethinkdb169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm7DlJNtwiz
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt2AXv2Xlss
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfSibnB610o
sudo apt update
169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkPoV7mNTod
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcDFcqkQcmw
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoX2ZNs1buW
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu6AG7RFsdC
编辑配置文件169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMRqkqgrbk9
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7fKbvg0tsy
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7CEVJCFvdc
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡErDRoRDc94
patch:169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIiahze0co2
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL6uo2QkqS1
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXilzr8h05r
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB8Xoo7Y3gd
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrckUzi59pB
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzSzlUrONBv
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJpEBN64ytv
--------------------------------------------------------------169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0i97G6fLl2
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3P1GuMEWxZ
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPodhsudG7s
部署rime输入法：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡngLQftIOmI
# ibus restart169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8L9ITD6NKR
# ibus engine rime169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWjC1mXFpnF
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRfdaNc4XkF
按shift键进行中英输入转换169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzxtdAHRF3p
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3IS7pVEaIu
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVZ2EZNrOYP
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWufp6j8IG9
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBLV6gB7Bhg
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSFuzNVVWAA
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAGvPtv3v22
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVF7C0ACUIP
# cd ~/Downloads169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1iA0y2E3FV
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmrYvzVqOsy
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1FwiSfTlzj
# node -v169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaAoeWXJAnL
# npm install npm@latest -g169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ39sR6K72Pb
# npm config get registry169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBc73tgd8TJ
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrOLvE1zCRt
如果想用回官方registry:169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2YOgraa60X
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR7DZHjaeBf
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡieKXHl1whv
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXteuskdlxa
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjDMECSHAew
# nvm install --lts169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3UD0I1aa5v
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo18b0d2lqE
npm i package_name169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJXJzOxbixw
项目更新169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4AzgGV5UrE
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsVIe1hig1j
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN2uN4YDbV5
如果不存在，生成证书169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNckgQeKbEG
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjCP7KZA0SH
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuf8cnzONvJ
将证书拷贝到服务器169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB0DExDRwcX
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPxSe5f7YKh
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOSxOlu8BK6
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVPgyzBYL2e
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrraEsWcujr
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGvRTjNZ9bX
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpUtSfmBzOr
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl5k9K6jlYb
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVn26oMFE7H
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNJkM9o3rbP
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnmO6SdmTcv
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnREi3O4kLH
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPHFAWRacMH
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGv6BhpJV2h
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbpKNfw5Sz9
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnVKOlryLYY
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkw0GmNHSg4
# ufw allow 22169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu7fbU6jjsA
# ufw allow 80169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbNHehQGU0H
# ufw allow 443169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8KONJ4L6ZE
# ufw enable169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4avVjY0lSx
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡadJLwDt8NX
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ106Qxtd00i
# passwd root169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ46JDucs0He
# usermod -a -G groupA username169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeI6S6CKUc6
# groups username
修改hostname169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7DVerq9fWZ
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBBLPvuJ5qg
# lscpu
查看内存169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtsrVkem83k
# free -h169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡelUDs2HrdQ
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsJ2fVWZV6A
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG7WM2tfddt
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe1dktw0OZl
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7cXRM9YZ9a
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY2M580zrEQ
用sudo执行：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxUYUFmoCos
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfE1FpzZEje
查看硬盘169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLAujcaRgMH
# sudo lshw -c disk169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR7Mn9HFJSb
查看分区169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTYDOFhsIVJ
# sudo fdisk -l169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIdH6jiXHyC
查看磁盘剩余空间169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfaTz6tTqFf
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8wyHMaf2QZ
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvPSQPXgpbQ
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtnvD1LERlz
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw951HwglK2
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoCE19MXlwP
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTpIA9NG9S0
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnnLUN4xAfa
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2JAxHFl1yf
g：所属组（group）。169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv0skwuXNLq
o：其他用户（others）。169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZLB5Op5H89
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvPBgfhc7O6
操作符：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAKjLHM05Ki
+：添加权限。169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiekmTpKy3t
-：移除权限。169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQHiUo5x9Td
=：设置权限。169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9bL1DxyA9Z
權限：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBYNUWkP0lN
r（读） = 4169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTW6S24wKW0
w（写） = 2169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡosAvMb5K9g
x（执行） = 1169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpO0Ek0XgHC
-（无权限） = 0169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfXbtBnF93S
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJzQnh0H3ZC
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoiXgf6vl9B
5 = r-x（4 + 1）169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzaOtt2uImE
6 = rw-（4 + 2）169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHmZV8PjsQu
169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMmVpV8BySq
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKZKphkMPQ6
添加alias, 比如：169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡit2ejWJtAw
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWtsVANjhem
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2fjNjNGlWw
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhEOmEUdrlw
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]169Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe8BAlWJcom
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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