A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIfI6NNhxqo
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB0OA6QOQWY
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBoSv5kTHEy
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJXvyomvq6H
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXK5jg7IiiD
try or install ubuntu194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6bDZs8LfKh
choose your language: english194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSI7ZKHKzE4
accessibility in ubuntu: next194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTkF1aeoHfL
select your keyboard layout: english(US)194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdX1jbOa4Ll
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡenRvyWheTi
install ubuntu194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡueTwV4ijQf
interactive installation194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXHjmVCOCsW
extended selection194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtg6bNHG7Xh
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMr7R562vQu
check: download and install support for additional media formats194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ8og933PDg
erase disk and install ubuntu194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk4dLSQLHSw
choose sdb194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ltpGRGrox
your name: buda 194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWtyfV0mYCp
your computer's name: vultr194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ30U09pAlk9
your username: buda 194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo3Nn7B22rq
timezone: shanghai194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4g2PG7yCx8
install194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfcpcTlthvD
restart now194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrPT01KKEgT
拔出U盘, 按enter键
194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNE9HpQgw1r
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNi9aweNzcT
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJjtnOF9yWZ
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHaU6AVNZa3
# cd /usr/src/glibc194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ZpmhIDIvt
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB9DfJKXX2r
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhchHlqO0su
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpu17Adw5QL
# usermod -a -G root buda194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPr17iVjO91
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8R4cJBQOfL
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAtai1WjZF6
apt show rethinkdb194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuVfHjtuB5O
apt remove rethinkdb194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1aPUlzVZkz
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqpDBGGlNvt
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMoxBrcgQBX
sudo apt update
194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡafDez5dMz2
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe3NxzRBIux
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡflFsmm4ReI
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgFEUrjl7NM
编辑配置文件194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMKtcVW4N3t
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsCaBfry4uv
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡimnTvEAqsZ
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡopWjb9cnqP
patch:194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVy6tRId6ck
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0IFmschdp1
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGlpD4FNpjW
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC5FaeflpgA
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ljq6T7tvw
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKGOMkSFfpW
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2LN5BGJw6n
--------------------------------------------------------------194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxdNEIEuqQt
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNppOSPFCbd
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7yTQjNRHTd
部署rime输入法：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOxSZdvPOmX
# ibus restart194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM9Cm9WK4pT
# ibus engine rime194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4a2wa1v6ZW
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9gAJIp0Bm9
按shift键进行中英输入转换194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2M0SnwkrfN
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdO4EuwXiqb
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX0ZSnbcKPE
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5AQ65OWrh1
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5SlvRqlQfU
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtxdJ3BQLQj
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPzUXiRKdf7
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuV9IAWTctZ
# cd ~/Downloads194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm1qpBfauvd
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6nm23dOkEz
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFoRofpysbH
# node -v194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLmof7tM3uZ
# npm install npm@latest -g194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD2I1ri6Zbi
# npm config get registry194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ63SeccQYxd
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV3mkNsgemn
如果想用回官方registry:194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpvGrmxkle7
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtwc8RlUNTZ
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzwK5rOwTSm
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOXGULB4wU9
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrhpdQbzdLP
# nvm install --lts194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7j9Kkj0mTG
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt5Z1sUKQyt
npm i package_name194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡReRfmPKVc9
项目更新194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNmxpfFzR4u
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQWU30vxcZD
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6EiGsrwnSO
如果不存在，生成证书194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgVL91ff2WI
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMRTgchX9km
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDoOzGY8IFq
将证书拷贝到服务器194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFSAFNgOgX5
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8j2tp0nnQQ
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcr6wdoLRMG
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa6aErP0oR5
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSvnR8p1gOz
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaDka16vcuz
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4wAiMRXZZa
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoiCTRQQtew
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCPCjzmpz32
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk1HkmVP78m
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlsnsavCVpi
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu0FaI8k2bj
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpWezFoddur
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBma9wcwXnB
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU2EzDKeb5h
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvRxvN7pLqh
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJjI31NAwZC
# ufw allow 22194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAP4VBy0p6G
# ufw allow 80194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNrPppJxqAM
# ufw allow 443194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLGPIiguNJk
# ufw enable194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8knxmwOWCe
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx4I5tfYvqo
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8IHjzc03u8
# passwd root194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxHcsY6Fg2G
# usermod -a -G groupA username194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvXdrGBktuB
# groups username
修改hostname194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3lv9rwVvNT
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTeamnRoHzR
# lscpu
查看内存194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPUhiSSDa3R
# free -h194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPtqwT134B0
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRUid1MdInI
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNE7zw3uJg0
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8OFPoWX0mH
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuQqaHQvHt3
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡip5uAAvlma
用sudo执行：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtBlVZ3mR4w
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡifKUHj2Ilg
查看硬盘194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBAwsEWLFOM
# sudo lshw -c disk194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXKYufcGth8
查看分区194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUdaeE74JtG
# sudo fdisk -l194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhaf1uBAzb2
查看磁盘剩余空间194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAy5STWJVO4
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhTQA9gypQs
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIoYn3qzIKI
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzltEFVNvpt
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4n0Hi63OEh
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQB5D83EkLd
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0U0dPHLKc9
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK3ZDf3wSxi
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ABNuLFYby
g：所属组（group）。194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwiP86Any9y
o：其他用户（others）。194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIHFsfnEPvI
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxH5bhji6Kj
操作符：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX9lxfigAjI
+：添加权限。194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMhDqb3sxYh
-：移除权限。194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwymOveUUUd
=：设置权限。194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqrtEZNNaZp
權限：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqDNBmznnBI
r（读） = 4194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2qFTdou1yT
w（写） = 2194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlzy2JNCE3z
x（执行） = 1194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1bKSjkY7iM
-（无权限） = 0194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZq7zrlUrdK
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7e7KcNVD9J
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCGKsrdqh2t
5 = r-x（4 + 1）194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjisoxsYYrr
6 = rw-（4 + 2）194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHnyyEbTkow
194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsypSAYiahT
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtgZo2iiq0t
添加alias, 比如：194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOAmd3vlxFH
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgaQj80BswD
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNaDdHoIvB5
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6U5VT4Udrk
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]194Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9S2ygxGmON
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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