A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡag4ZVFchmW
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGgeCmpd9mb
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZyQZ3bwIqS
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8kjcZ4sth5
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUj5cOE08dP
try or install ubuntu175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0O21rofF9I
choose your language: english175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnfcWEtO8gA
accessibility in ubuntu: next175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJoW84tZadJ
select your keyboard layout: english(US)175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡboCb9Fi90F
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs6mYkmJw8h
install ubuntu175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKbjgMethnw
interactive installation175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCkvMDOijJ8
extended selection175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF9TQTYohTw
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSlK9dxvEaj
check: download and install support for additional media formats175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbXE2uB53vo
erase disk and install ubuntu175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6sNrtOoSgM
choose sdb175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1eIrNGZwWz
your name: buda 175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt3hSB6Aqoa
your computer's name: vultr175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUQhvQSsckI
your username: buda 175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡasFyz1Qvq0
timezone: shanghai175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfP5rtAbw87
install175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEyoWfIMfRG
restart now175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF75EkVPjjT
拔出U盘, 按enter键
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwCCIWNqb2w
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyb3aUSsF7e
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡepTpSz2TPW
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe1TnmwJftT
# cd /usr/src/glibc175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0SpQMYLpB9
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAd6jps5nAZ
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡavWHxYNdAc
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUwdSv0Zv5L
# usermod -a -G root buda175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ssu6bIDyJ
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzzRJSeon8G
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ycSPZgeD9
apt show rethinkdb175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡimufhfWoov
apt remove rethinkdb175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEszHOPWTLT
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqWCICLJpOI
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgwIfAYxiFI
sudo apt update
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKOnbgp3VMe
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAHh2PSxHqZ
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ60czSwuIXZ
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ05JQuS5Kyp
编辑配置文件175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxD59zGpYSh
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxjspsuTf6e
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ73XS7d0t6N
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ87tvy81P6Y
patch:175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeBVy6Rf2Qe
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrur6q3b7bl
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5DrLA2rc9X
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXD7FItddzh
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmVfqGphCyz
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpEvk81zyOi
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFDIuWNEgow
--------------------------------------------------------------175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJWsScEKuQ2
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe9LI6XtYp2
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI8A71ScSt3
部署rime输入法：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZSVU7D4KgG
# ibus restart175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIUxEZGPBoC
# ibus engine rime175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsazCXoX7b6
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeYVP26FZd0
按shift键进行中英输入转换175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHWhzyQU9Hd
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDPU16Jq9HJ
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbtZIPMdGrA
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZnbN7UgsK6
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKwLd5qEQgr
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡURB97VEDNU
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp0Yl3STKqp
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVWJ93jm1KM
# cd ~/Downloads175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡINHGl5cky4
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP1Yz9VPGqK
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjH7zd4BPlG
# node -v175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6UO8WM8z5C
# npm install npm@latest -g175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgaKaH3LClm
# npm config get registry175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTKMbTj73QU
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0HWmcAfg8a
如果想用回官方registry:175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSzB6XJLAhl
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡokEXOYTn61
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsVkDhMWglF
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpCrc0IjV21
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsqtUgS6QxK
# nvm install --lts175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCzoeHhU1KH
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK5xHqBmjNL
npm i package_name175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG0NRDq0xIp
项目更新175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvqPA551Lcz
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKLAehZl3j7
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡobnuynEYE4
如果不存在，生成证书175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDWRYxCwaTT
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡINl7yhhfrV
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV0NmkSPKeO
将证书拷贝到服务器175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsGCQXABkR5
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡajY9Hl28Bv
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0RdOiCuanS
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7lrMjgsfCz
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9vn7y9I6uA
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNMQCqyV87Z
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVICiLWG3L0
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ78vtIfKOlV
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ97R02eALGE
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdcMVLI45dF
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv4g9tYUvrC
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡubk2ja5q6m
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7TEZLCC1os
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0kYREDOk71
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡybg7H3Sek3
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOiwS0hqfFU
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoAAv1Jy7yd
# ufw allow 22175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡopfa94qd7O
# ufw allow 80175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ58NAv5fqZJ
# ufw allow 443175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdHHh0Nq1Od
# ufw enable175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZfmAf9QHWz
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBSH5RFjYyk
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQflW7To0zl
# passwd root175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3bu0OWRW1A
# usermod -a -G groupA username175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWV4qWG3r8c
# groups username
修改hostname175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqnF2IJ17m9
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4S6T1gkclR
# lscpu
查看内存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJM0hLSpsSV
# free -h175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhMbQEWqCbE
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3rUOf5cCfG
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoDObvvHrkG
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1zUPcqno6S
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTRZl1D7VXk
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZNYX0e8HPz
用sudo执行：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2eNiKehuwm
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFESnDzS4MH
查看硬盘175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0FIBVE2rGe
# sudo lshw -c disk175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7X5yLgBssz
查看分区175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4V4eqZFwTR
# sudo fdisk -l175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ282mknV9V3
查看磁盘剩余空间175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQQsiHDlR6l
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVP95NaLW2u
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBJpry9REBi
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ34v9NOdTj
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqk8hTXoIAH
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcBXlPeJ6Ar
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfr2eePtCpF
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTU7PuFAnRV
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡenpQx6k1vG
g：所属组（group）。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD6wOB2Vauo
o：其他用户（others）。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWpqJefjTFF
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2buisqlhlu
操作符：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGe7H0SUggY
+：添加权限。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Xc0kKqJQK
-：移除权限。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWifI7pj0Xr
=：设置权限。175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2fTQJXAiQn
權限：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGZnc5zaU7e
r（读） = 4175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBcowBXOCYU
w（写） = 2175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCV8JpaODLY
x（执行） = 1175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA1TJ0hzY9l
-（无权限） = 0175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe4kW9yWMWZ
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOisVNkbm8Z
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMVHX8SudcJ
5 = r-x（4 + 1）175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqbJxjyz3NM
6 = rw-（4 + 2）175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWfGzJgAD6V
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcjt3jkZapk
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMASN7KjO2L
添加alias, 比如：175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOuETSllzam
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHiGL4nSItE
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ENn3kHQMF
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI0LmEvNFzU
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]175Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5iQijaXJfE
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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