A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPelwM70Fq3
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPsaNrhFMY2
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSbSUb3J343
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDIOivblagT
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2LdsFP3iG6
try or install ubuntu149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdC0HX2wWQa
choose your language: english149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNnvgrrgxK8
accessibility in ubuntu: next149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2fezQaOTYE
select your keyboard layout: english(US)149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq0R2mtcIPj
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTTspLJ4hXE
install ubuntu149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Zz2p5qx6d
interactive installation149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSLhtSSouVV
extended selection149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡABuNWIWeCC
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4O5Vj9wo6X
check: download and install support for additional media formats149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGv448HtdXs
erase disk and install ubuntu149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOFOBsrPxxv
choose sdb149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ91Q4WquNqB
your name: buda 149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPZFXTWkjZl
your computer's name: vultr149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9dOLb9Diiy
your username: buda 149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSR5tw2P5dk
timezone: shanghai149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeoOCUbxieu
install149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9NfM0DEOdP
restart now149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvC914coxF8
拔出U盘, 按enter键
149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLFEFluDQy0
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAusPAAgKwZ
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsg9exUwxvB
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCrVuTpUFxR
# cd /usr/src/glibc149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjOxYa4y8Iv
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy11jf42zaw
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ88YDowOpBy
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmWPxJgqPQg
# usermod -a -G root buda149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7kCtDEU3hq
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWEl9FNN1c8
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlpb2Kv8yR6
apt show rethinkdb149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTvmgWDWHca
apt remove rethinkdb149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq8koVAFZ5e
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiv3Et9VxvS
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjAhQDfL1xf
sudo apt update
149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvb7fdVkGH9
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyaxf6Nro85
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3Xn5Vr9aIj
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8JN43fMjHc
编辑配置文件149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNE1eeP1lrP
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm2XvKTaobp
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ51JhNvNqzO
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUcTWPeHt4I
patch:149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdt62JcEbcR
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyIAXYCpZbL
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoCbYKcPvPK
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMvTNAhtP3W
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjFQnofv7AF
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlxAsaTtxn7
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡovLHcmv75B
--------------------------------------------------------------149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5vAVSGZnt0
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVdU7uRZI0t
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQt00D84N56
部署rime输入法：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYv2rLoXsgr
# ibus restart149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTd4uKG6G3j
# ibus engine rime149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAsUR52myju
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOtYxhkyhf2
按shift键进行中英输入转换149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0BLYp8Cyrn
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV216Y7plen
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfgeF5iHQOl
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6AddyzMKU0
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRLSjnuHxQc
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlqYvjZDLKS
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCOCr6quaVd
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAvbTqpxOzC
# cd ~/Downloads149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMLPZzXNwsQ
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYr81POLPgi
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWGbkpP1gH7
# node -v149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPhCquLu83m
# npm install npm@latest -g149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLx2ZoO4p5y
# npm config get registry149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkyUc2pf8YE
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbO9wI9Er4u
如果想用回官方registry:149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡulR9JwTUEd
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTvFvMZUWO1
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx6fZNA4U0H
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWOmvbHSkWD
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2meS0GRp1N
# nvm install --lts149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡntD7sp4moz
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwVQqPNVzjo
npm i package_name149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS0SsOhNi9M
项目更新149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMXZvu11tDo
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEBPya5Wkbv
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC0WZ02EtD4
如果不存在，生成证书149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhgxxKBoN38
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNaHjgnvZER
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD43MDjV782
将证书拷贝到服务器149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtK60KgdxtU
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7fWU9Pi1Hv
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0MlZ6t9olo
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUYeRinNDUt
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzuKXAiduEh
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNYm0SyLzzG
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyvAZhTnEal
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9W891UxYe1
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrTI1snZ75y
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyjpGBNEhor
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡim5kPSdOXh
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0tVRX4EqE6
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhOW2hu5f63
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh1NxI2BZTa
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqueKxuNTLK
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVEPmUFp8Wz
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0gykDfgcln
# ufw allow 22149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQlymvQWLrx
# ufw allow 80149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFjFjD5e6k6
# ufw allow 443149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIGASRGlUon
# ufw enable149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSajjsG9jnK
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfFZ6pKqHMX
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOn81wONxKG
# passwd root149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTYUYLq8hG7
# usermod -a -G groupA username149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHrxUozP0pF
# groups username
修改hostname149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNqBj8ClauG
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxzRE9MhBf8
# lscpu
查看内存149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBXXUY3phDb
# free -h149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzMdDzquhOh
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQaP0WLSsfo
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEao2Rs5g3e
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiCF3pFy7qH
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV8IUtIb1Vm
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXHUy01N0so
用sudo执行：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmfceO3UxPQ
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGjEuAnTCW1
查看硬盘149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfFg4jSQBMg
# sudo lshw -c disk149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6XdcvSPOqM
查看分区149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx60pkE2rbB
# sudo fdisk -l149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfX7ekJGpQO
查看磁盘剩余空间149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Upj546vp4
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnZ7YO7cntB
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtEjDh2FIye
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe5rEw4Sbbd
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9VStx3Cz4w
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXs8Kry7LYg
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqRwOfNkAOl
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhpZlm5dbFS
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjUho2U6ucf
g：所属组（group）。149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEsi1fMCRgF
o：其他用户（others）。149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiRt6C5Eu79
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuIfObiUUTv
操作符：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBBS3XpuWz1
+：添加权限。149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzXjskFQjcT
-：移除权限。149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR0C1MtafvX
=：设置权限。149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡarFP8YQ85D
權限：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3cviV0jOPy
r（读） = 4149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAlgKPVUgJK
w（写） = 2149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmARh93sR4h
x（执行） = 1149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuwZQQe9CIA
-（无权限） = 0149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvsugz7t59k
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvijAeYMmmG
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8qQiOM4VjQ
5 = r-x（4 + 1）149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6wQFgsKAm8
6 = rw-（4 + 2）149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFowJxnXsNE
149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSBstAZlQ6z
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1YvV3yTnlw
添加alias, 比如：149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt54fdMSL7U
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPyiYCMmqYo
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyyiXQy7JtM
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1oA5hdAMSt
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]149Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcWcm8Z15iH
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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