A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXpYEx4FDrR
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKf0Dl7zlK3
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3jhEtM67mk
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGOrb8qUUvM
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGDPxrQbdKC
try or install ubuntu228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZpz9k7Ks3k
choose your language: english228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl4KZMEXeoz
accessibility in ubuntu: next228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVGrjvkL86S
select your keyboard layout: english(US)228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ZehxfyMgs
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsDr8xPVrdx
install ubuntu228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEeNdS3mxCF
interactive installation228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp8u2nY99Ng
extended selection228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4lnY3MHFUA
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡquvm5XROD0
check: download and install support for additional media formats228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ83FTcS2EC2
erase disk and install ubuntu228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ62GGKayNhZ
choose sdb228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt7qkznbK2u
your name: buda 228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVElqPCEqxx
your computer's name: vultr228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcJexPP8l4A
your username: buda 228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFdFju2GAxX
timezone: shanghai228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUEahAlU7ov
install228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkGHxB2KmpK
restart now228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHZ1L0dwGYf
拔出U盘, 按enter键
228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzgptpYPLzu
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyuaDIFPAHW
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA6TgE4dnCf
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMwNtptsUs2
# cd /usr/src/glibc228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiypRHKrTD7
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq9YGx3heAW
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkrkqA8K3uO
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbaBZzPqTzz
# usermod -a -G root buda228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9baYU1wrKK
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP5xRNXgzdS
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvPaKXVgG33
apt show rethinkdb228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmOt1RXSU1U
apt remove rethinkdb228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN1dn1hItDn
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpZen7b61vl
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqwNvLQFg5t
sudo apt update
228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKFZoy70jmS
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ08hZcLxDeN
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxIwgOI991O
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMnPb8LaClO
编辑配置文件228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuBlMX6icjH
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvULkEnj1e3
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl3hZUszHdg
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaABsE1rPdx
patch:228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6zmNGCel7V
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfNAWK8i6tq
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhRb6diCdsg
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ79c4StW5nz
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmhxglmlEuc
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8lNtIzrrbK
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU0xyuTr0bK
--------------------------------------------------------------228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOpWDRaers8
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEIKgtnuqVK
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgH24qE1spZ
部署rime输入法：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi8qLvnHE3k
# ibus restart228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPzjhPFOgSK
# ibus engine rime228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ83kHaizEUb
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnNPsTVBY3O
按shift键进行中英输入转换228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHp8oLgzFDU
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0SduDtI9aG
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC2dDRzaxq4
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7NvulUD7Zx
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkAXsx8NrfX
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQb8ycQO1F0
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO1OfjQfn9H
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgqkpFJi0FP
# cd ~/Downloads228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4SqmZ1krXr
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF1YKda7acY
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6qD3L6thX1
# node -v228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡewKzExKdnl
# npm install npm@latest -g228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmBh9erXCD0
# npm config get registry228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWtAl2SDoma
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwInIFpV4gS
如果想用回官方registry:228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtORVDxV9Q8
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgX3GP2paug
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ98Esuxed95
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTEuDrY1cG4
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkSfy5LCvHF
# nvm install --lts228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFUZn79lCtm
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbu7naInOSR
npm i package_name228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQwAKzKirkg
项目更新228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfuoqjpKTR0
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhbwtv2rvAB
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhU4xZlpK6r
如果不存在，生成证书228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7j9W06hcS3
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0OLfmRGtzk
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVyDVDabLF4
将证书拷贝到服务器228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbn7s8IkuTC
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBIpCOPp4uC
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh0Py903mgJ
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1OReSUnjvt
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbplLGlIDZQ
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡscq61QvoTK
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW0QeZUuQt9
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdkOyLnCKbV
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNs5DxFXsFQ
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRs4zlLv7F3
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNLuwhtlAEt
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMAgK92TMaA
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL2L9JXqRwf
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLPQRAgk6GN
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnAwoz6R4BO
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡORwswygIpR
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDoqKeVzUi8
# ufw allow 22228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiqMqFuTpsz
# ufw allow 80228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1n5BFTDDSU
# ufw allow 443228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBPf49QdJ7a
# ufw enable228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL4YvjWyCAG
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNrWUXtfwyb
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUoIXfDubde
# passwd root228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡimD1MUwHEF
# usermod -a -G groupA username228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZPhqXnRzeg
# groups username
修改hostname228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡibmQr2YRg0
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoXXPflhFvn
# lscpu
查看内存228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb11P3BUqHe
# free -h228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKaFDXZDDwT
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOr3yaxHlQF
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZDgmhaOhs7
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXdnkMa0wZl
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3KDgpGr2R5
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRL5dQ6pZu6
用sudo执行：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDZZrLURu5d
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZKnouPt5K0
查看硬盘228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW1jV8Pz3uv
# sudo lshw -c disk228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDSWCgMkSVD
查看分区228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡucB0PHlc5a
# sudo fdisk -l228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMdnJparhcT
查看磁盘剩余空间228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLlaUlCg5UL
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Cuwtn7mCh
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqFpSBiRjGW
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoDXxihweoY
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqTSlO6K7D1
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡS0mdcoVfuO
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdxY0IWwFI5
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnOknVM5Y94
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpAPtBmVkNE
g：所属组（group）。228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIEqXl8fTRk
o：其他用户（others）。228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTFlC1FyZvn
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8gFPpL50Qh
操作符：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡunIYHvejp9
+：添加权限。228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2AC5mpNWHW
-：移除权限。228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwm4iH9Y7Tn
=：设置权限。228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9DT90aM0sS
權限：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy72gXOgTwe
r（读） = 4228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ91F8R18h9B
w（写） = 2228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJiMrieHUsx
x（执行） = 1228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL6UMFpNh3U
-（无权限） = 0228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGuXewvJgpB
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ23G2uGVr3l
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQdrtY94PBN
5 = r-x（4 + 1）228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzhjdixSqSS
6 = rw-（4 + 2）228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4VXfAWWTsK
228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7hZkMYdun8
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIMm6cHY7Uz
添加alias, 比如：228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnJdG04WKhk
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCIaqYCvQXn
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnnJZafP4b3
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwRkWfLYasm
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]228Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDXyrwFTiZc
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
ns216.73.216.146da2
