A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpdU0dbhU52
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKzT84Hrd0l
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG0h9csTl5J
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaeEIed9o1v
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1lRmcb5z8V
try or install ubuntu117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ac0vgUsSk
choose your language: english117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpoJ6SoFTpn
accessibility in ubuntu: next117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGKG8Oc0pZR
select your keyboard layout: english(US)117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsEiaa11fhp
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBsacg2ATT0
install ubuntu117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2cE1qJ7aBp
interactive installation117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC2JiLGq27o
extended selection117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ84iSnAwjY1
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlnuNF4iycV
check: download and install support for additional media formats117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOtbuqy21Gc
erase disk and install ubuntu117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ83EAsvlw1A
choose sdb117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4Mb2Ka2qCG
your name: buda 117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhEWiFpPBr0
your computer's name: vultr117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoezvxc1cJV
your username: buda 117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfz9hI1VBPZ
timezone: shanghai117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAiMHYP0Ae1
install117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjmU4N3T0td
restart now117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0e0abesBhf
拔出U盘, 按enter键
117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa3hKDk5gSl
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjSFqOmChJD
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv674vyZ6JX
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw7DOOe28J7
# cd /usr/src/glibc117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8uWhd4j2Bg
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlJubD7CtQ7
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9AetDG2oiu
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFZ5BvbqBaK
# usermod -a -G root buda117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8XxPxNZtkM
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpBpMUPUX87
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTd0I6X5CXR
apt show rethinkdb117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtiwtOTpPjV
apt remove rethinkdb117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPJTIpoOxOL
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeFmu7E4YaC
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi7UABJqnOS
sudo apt update
117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5QzBl3gZzZ
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRfWDxcrkcN
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMHFcsZtR7n
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUGcm9HiJ6T
编辑配置文件117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDqjXNVeTgi
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCKuwLIBfbz
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnA1YRbSsUU
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy3lJyup9Ts
patch:117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWXbYNgOb81
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyZjDLKLk5q
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcoulUfcUzo
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe40pcYxf84
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmOKNbpPZH3
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZm2pHQmI33
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqv9Fe6ObXf
--------------------------------------------------------------117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIFiGnGjgVs
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUu8rYaNtzt
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIE2wcHVZwK
部署rime输入法：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7CP0kiGwJ1
# ibus restart117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl2MUvGCKXK
# ibus engine rime117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9CYzzAvWRg
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpDFbL1x3vd
按shift键进行中英输入转换117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmQVEZ3BS3f
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLOxc3yHm6v
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVhEWmRF5Gl
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtryWwluL5A
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyPEKExoTIq
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUax8UgcNO8
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWxNWlONc6B
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5jcfbgi9ZA
# cd ~/Downloads117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU3BmtwLhHf
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8pjXerRdb1
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWmXNeTR3Yf
# node -v117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1SQlLKaKUe
# npm install npm@latest -g117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHhhBZ5kvBD
# npm config get registry117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1r48VwsTXA
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz8uLU4x9gj
如果想用回官方registry:117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKdrukKcs1V
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRc0SBhttfw
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1fqIzIT00g
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmhnxytXYY9
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrfgndkMgX6
# nvm install --lts117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsUClVpEeCh
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1LWyXbv33P
npm i package_name117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIT13Eh8oKU
项目更新117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDfUATy7eaj
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpNY91DQ2Bq
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGSEbwt5cvs
如果不存在，生成证书117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF52xl4oitI
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXwSQFJMQiA
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv1nEHJM4ZL
将证书拷贝到服务器117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbwjpmSeLai
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSKXqmMVRSr
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp2FmvuNl8N
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEefwUbckVj
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJHBmjJJOvq
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzUHYwz8ylL
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgP01wGItIA
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1rQvYSxwUs
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ06aMqMty9p
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbhaAMm2s8H
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXrHnVwDx9l
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfgeGssveXh
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdTdtBG8b6h
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZnipvY3Pk6
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMFimwB9uJ8
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI84uB32Gtf
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhY6jv5GCrI
# ufw allow 22117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9yM3wlMNPv
# ufw allow 80117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrKP7zAj45s
# ufw allow 443117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU2TYHVieZP
# ufw enable117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOLPYe1vXup
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0WGNgln9Z2
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn5JoiBvWSe
# passwd root117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEG1qcGYfiK
# usermod -a -G groupA username117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡG31do3hzkI
# groups username
修改hostname117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoyKooNZlxU
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnBR8FTQXza
# lscpu
查看内存117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡplVeXbTrO2
# free -h117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1EDWdquz9L
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRc6jtOhtAG
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSXCtUKbMZN
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLpKLfQuxWp
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsq1mF32bDo
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6aBD5TMvHG
用sudo执行：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqN21it7lZ4
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeMmlJhwtcz
查看硬盘117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMcZ6TkRqvS
# sudo lshw -c disk117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ05bfxT1O43
查看分区117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPW3GdRUt1C
# sudo fdisk -l117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDuwD6EVmyx
查看磁盘剩余空间117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVCvLJeyIdj
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNZu1nQSoIA
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl1syl65zHW
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpjyL5gqDa6
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ84eymxrpeq
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpQmd5rNfOg
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡznmr3y6aNf
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkHW8oCrk5N
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA37nxQXoXb
g：所属组（group）。117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE4ua4nZsvL
o：其他用户（others）。117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2LBeBGhBi0
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI8MGALQlB3
操作符：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyxpkKlgOR1
+：添加权限。117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6z05nsYtOi
-：移除权限。117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLOkelIIFkg
=：设置权限。117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwN4qukgogn
權限：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdHHMteNDIv
r（读） = 4117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUOeYiaohR8
w（写） = 2117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo0ESNE4Ig3
x（执行） = 1117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw2roRscl5N
-（无权限） = 0117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVd6mkJyG19
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJq6YM4eXWi
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWrS77K7GUk
5 = r-x（4 + 1）117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLUuWktTWXx
6 = rw-（4 + 2）117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6eqnEHW17F
117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRmZ0D3V7An
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ47WJzXxten
添加alias, 比如：117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0AudBxdOLw
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd5t7pIfjY4
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE45aNZYzJI
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0KZW8paile
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]117Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkC8OEZdaVA
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
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