A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCapexxhmsp
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv2AdkQ6IUx
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQUjldJDunJ
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6j3a39MMfb
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxxfSKnCHfa
try or install ubuntu203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX1MYUR1sS5
choose your language: english203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2wfLtDDice
accessibility in ubuntu: next203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhb9Vw5NVAs
select your keyboard layout: english(US)203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOqhkIMPOEP
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Fh2uZXqxw
install ubuntu203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ12E8AkdUSW
interactive installation203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6CbRBS6Jx2
extended selection203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiUnpEhLVQA
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhh2Yzf78oa
check: download and install support for additional media formats203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbwLIEEbpoy
erase disk and install ubuntu203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfdvtkjmJS2
choose sdb203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpelq7wdh4V
your name: buda 203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiYP8iwUK0O
your computer's name: vultr203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFgPSlu5eLS
your username: buda 203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe3DLasOseq
timezone: shanghai203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡykbfZrwESQ
install203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD8AL63S0Sf
restart now203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡplttxhuy7K
拔出U盘, 按enter键
203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR1WIEHft3M
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe4Cdx3R6CU
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqLQPjnbcEU
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAzYxEZbwOz
# cd /usr/src/glibc203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe0wshtYWcQ
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPJi3N1Mwl9
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf0RL0myUUs
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL4hKVYqwXP
# usermod -a -G root buda203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOrSMduQx2n
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkOS2JdJMp5
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZhVscZscdY
apt show rethinkdb203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXLPIDlLzgv
apt remove rethinkdb203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeu8ReR02kF
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWHFmhjlSpa
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgWSP9Lg8oH
sudo apt update
203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsJhxkHbWNn
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeuRpcjojpZ
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGbkFN2wkB2
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡePy2XGDjG9
编辑配置文件203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNEBkLIS5Ak
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqARtrURte2
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSrsHJ2lsiY
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjh3MDSBqXD
patch:203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdXTOZd9QXF
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡe3DQU1DIsK
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOQFFfVkvV4
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW6ym09USi6
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡADUHQM0iVR
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡixauwm9M8a
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC6DXJTjSGU
--------------------------------------------------------------203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLwo7YUucaX
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5dMJxZ3CzH
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkegX3vER1l
部署rime输入法：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvcs1CD5dCt
# ibus restart203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHxsJ5zFYEA
# ibus engine rime203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKXARvhYvPY
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm4TFxl9rho
按shift键进行中英输入转换203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXaghIlGPjx
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBmFiFZui1J
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFaiNRC5Xdb
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB5xEmTKoB3
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWbUVQBNgnG
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5Him1JXZfp
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4xFiBrwNdE
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5vLlmmkEcq
# cd ~/Downloads203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjrqFvnvPWC
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg52Ct2vgKk
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc7nVFZyqPj
# node -v203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvgEtSUuyk2
# npm install npm@latest -g203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡALMOkCbhUE
# npm config get registry203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxXTvK9PBcT
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnsBYPLJ4gG
如果想用回官方registry:203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIX8bKXtnfN
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI9KgYdYzHD
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡictbbiRsYI
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkxLcnjKvM1
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPC3LV2e9Zu
# nvm install --lts203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ8pEcm4zx8
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYRklC10yDZ
npm i package_name203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhq7Sp0O5WJ
项目更新203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXGnNWTiyre
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeXGD201hlv
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWq4dm8g4O8
如果不存在，生成证书203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdQirL2BvFj
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2PYTIP6K4h
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUqBYf02xf5
将证书拷贝到服务器203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIXuK10zRle
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEf7fGXfBYE
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKFAsrICw4X
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA0H7ZGv0Dy
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyatljP8z93
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkDlPr0gxOg
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRM5MQ5miir
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4As1ycraVB
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGGFjBxSl4z
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡblu3igitFC
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyU4u9tC15Z
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsBVrcQFaBt
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFmA2YlEAN8
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEL7Z9fKkDN
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUx8VaIsDPN
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMURhwwPf37
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWZhj81o1Al
# ufw allow 22203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ECP7z06in
# ufw allow 80203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ91hTe8jxXQ
# ufw allow 443203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSn2tG9PHoy
# ufw enable203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4BtDTQ026Q
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2NALeSOKXL
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMVxCoQOMNi
# passwd root203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX8ttzqnxR9
# usermod -a -G groupA username203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVgKNFogCqn
# groups username
修改hostname203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD02zXy3Hgn
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk3yMrypkr4
# lscpu
查看内存203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs80r0oBogf
# free -h203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3MhiO3puf2
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Qwgi650fL
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcXuxGVpidl
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvVqrGygNBZ
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb553glQ57f
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNUg0RsHZlx
用sudo执行：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFW718lvnYI
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPRFBhQWJyA
查看硬盘203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtn3B3xfEJx
# sudo lshw -c disk203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhUpXAWIeC8
查看分区203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ZChOsLO6x
# sudo fdisk -l203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDLGdtDdrO2
查看磁盘剩余空间203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw4f5Dc0wro
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡys6G4E48JI
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeXbn4aoj88
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfAi3oDYUGg
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpR3VMb7vjh
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFPByu8IOON
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyIhSMUgTAu
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiw813vXjnB
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbBRGizVwH2
g：所属组（group）。203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8lpyTqoXFu
o：其他用户（others）。203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOTS6CsXtcV
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSbP0zsGKOt
操作符：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD3eGlJw8bI
+：添加权限。203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwZeIGuOFU5
-：移除权限。203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5hkeYisGZ0
=：设置权限。203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoOtYYNXWi1
權限：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoKf0iFhdJ5
r（读） = 4203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcqKDPm0HVk
w（写） = 2203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTazp4gwFOd
x（执行） = 1203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIiWEVuMri7
-（无权限） = 0203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡft5UsKTWXZ
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSmTtEbtk7f
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh5Jg029nI8
5 = r-x（4 + 1）203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBbNdu0MZAZ
6 = rw-（4 + 2）203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOBlkH7HtQx
203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgTeK33kxNB
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3gP2eu4EX6
添加alias, 比如：203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcyN6llwY0s
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvFdMOV6SHo
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgkcQ4uDI1B
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYZcswEhKGh
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]203Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4LCT5qV5zQ
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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