A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡigg3GO1ONY
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcpSp3leXH4
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqOHaGaL023
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtimlCbwxA0
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhNiPrJnTgr
try or install ubuntu248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡauHS6ssEVO
choose your language: english248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK0kHmkNahC
accessibility in ubuntu: next248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhay2BGe8ps
select your keyboard layout: english(US)248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2A5vDsl2tZ
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUFq6JxVxGa
install ubuntu248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgu6JTgSHmG
interactive installation248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMuzgAxsUGE
extended selection248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHIquyxpBRv
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBVkJumtHP9
check: download and install support for additional media formats248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwiw6YzEgbo
erase disk and install ubuntu248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLFt90JA4AT
choose sdb248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuLDNUtjsKH
your name: buda 248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP3wW19IJXd
your computer's name: vultr248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk61bdCYOl6
your username: buda 248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXO4HqJIEbN
timezone: shanghai248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw3Jbp8bQV8
install248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7EtuKzAu4N
restart now248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnBuUPAbc7B
拔出U盘, 按enter键
248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVrBPCZlH6b
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4T7WJLmF2Z
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYkxfZYi1tR
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQUBOYpP0Rq
# cd /usr/src/glibc248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW7sfNLHEeW
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1cuUEbfblO
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcmq6LxS0rK
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa0s4FyvNTa
# usermod -a -G root buda248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgo8UuuKml6
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZBbK4TkGN5
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLy4r2bKT9w
apt show rethinkdb248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWgBlOU2tDX
apt remove rethinkdb248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqJ9NVXuqjn
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRocix8gvWh
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjUiYRA1bTJ
sudo apt update
248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8XN4D7xn37
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAljUDbt88p
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6S2M3kscJw
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1nvT7hpDim
编辑配置文件248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPiC90f7rpu
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0hCyCzGlog
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxkjLEanSat
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ6tGdA3X28
patch:248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ7AimyDSkv
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsTFohC3apP
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkugtNfpRlK
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyX6MpKokmP
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf1vFu3ao8d
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbSblu8f8Z7
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNBTbOmd2Px
--------------------------------------------------------------248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUIHvjSZY85
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjL8ZpxTWql
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbkLXzlOrDg
部署rime输入法：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsKSGODWL6H
# ibus restart248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ojEMMrUnb
# ibus engine rime248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡflgYw95FyG
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5gEFyDtA0d
按shift键进行中英输入转换248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFJANdVEAvL
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDqO3Hy3M0g
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡc2eF9OWKrk
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB2AF1XZdIB
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBMdMdf2x8x
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdF27YU6Li1
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMDVpfqINEa
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYQMWs1aaMh
# cd ~/Downloads248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpKqQ2DOm4H
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcISW5tCLFW
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ74FPgKMLM4
# node -v248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ9xIaIM8mR
# npm install npm@latest -g248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV3mcq4L2Dk
# npm config get registry248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDFxdLfLf2U
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ53kJFOuYSB
如果想用回官方registry:248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4ylehjcm4O
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1x3pztopON
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeNLUNIiksZ
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHhVplLQaAt
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPVCSt6EVlK
# nvm install --lts248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4wF4aPbuem
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaZ5sWvDYIO
npm i package_name248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX9qtYO6vvc
项目更新248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVKr2UYqaZn
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWqumcg8U96
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKzlaI3KqLS
如果不存在，生成证书248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF5b29AhK3w
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPlf0TV7wpc
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGTQOXS1jCc
将证书拷贝到服务器248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHATMKvxF6T
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsld8IhUKZg
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh2iwGnLFZW
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPmYzqHoKHI
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVXziW69Aod
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRJxQvOHOju
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF3NiXRRlSA
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfPtGnEKnYL
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6m4gje8mzI
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPhQcWioEjH
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA8bFp2J6Dy
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDd6spsvLQE
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj9H0xjdEGG
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXffaPxfrPF
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSBAm2SJf2L
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCLsiLBY1Gb
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡovLIdHKhKD
# ufw allow 22248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5TvwEdY89v
# ufw allow 80248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbTdwE5AWIO
# ufw allow 443248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBaGixVCUA2
# ufw enable248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSiH7gxk2mi
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX5uU5nZ0h1
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgTV7K2d7V8
# passwd root248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf990H6TiLY
# usermod -a -G groupA username248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMaHofXAdq3
# groups username
修改hostname248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZpIexX8iai
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdhLWvOgR1u
# lscpu
查看内存248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡixPiTG3jIi
# free -h248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVN0jEmAaN6
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl8AXQUGViG
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1MlJ7v7TQD
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRA2ZsiZIeI
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuNsWyuaaaT
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡebdQUmTn1D
用sudo执行：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡln7sYCwpZv
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKnwoyNY8lc
查看硬盘248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo1uDoMG4Zg
# sudo lshw -c disk248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0eHl3repKy
查看分区248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3xaDNv8af9
# sudo fdisk -l248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCxPzH4DPRG
查看磁盘剩余空间248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvdKxX6ID1m
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNdOLvHmYPA
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm040daqoOF
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZJp7T2fqwf
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAaUOTndh01
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtnrF255lbx
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSZmcyX49gL
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfmorwpCjUM
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3n0joChHv8
g：所属组（group）。248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm2FIbuFc5V
o：其他用户（others）。248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡADkAEk3F6M
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡetqwPBTBBW
操作符：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP5HO054Nac
+：添加权限。248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlaDI0EcvWM
-：移除权限。248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrir9Yc46uc
=：设置权限。248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM0EbRgkNqC
權限：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmlNHBjAfhM
r（读） = 4248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrpcy0xyGMz
w（写） = 2248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcLDfjWa96C
x（执行） = 1248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeAwvnDT6Rd
-（无权限） = 0248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuFFK2VvbQX
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLPom6vIe00
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHAWeBRVbcw
5 = r-x（4 + 1）248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTd2X5G8GwP
6 = rw-（4 + 2）248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXJqtZo8tko
248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkrx5Kme8fY
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm0XQzMuqI4
添加alias, 比如：248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhfZXTUq4ix
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGbzD0lyR9o
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0UKxDhD9VW
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyhrTtO9o3V
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]248Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMONIQue5nL
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
如果您對C/C++ programming, Linux, website development, Vue, Git, vscode感興趣，邀請您加入「Linux/C/C++ Website Development」微信群，請加我的微信（si_jinmin）以便拉您进群。
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