A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2lwtGbV8wo
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnzMCQMMyaQ
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOjkeOrZmR4
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYWG5aTmqGl
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPX7FrdnKmm
try or install ubuntu151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj4LHAVfRSL
choose your language: english151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXcjBa50ypc
accessibility in ubuntu: next151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgu1uiGNuIZ
select your keyboard layout: english(US)151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVSXW5TNtir
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmYkHVl9o8m
install ubuntu151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcVZSneGUMj
interactive installation151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDxClmJlZRz
extended selection151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5kHmaVBtxE
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDRVexeuxDS
check: download and install support for additional media formats151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSX5nC0aJLy
erase disk and install ubuntu151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ708fcUugJn
choose sdb151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8cvdZ7lPa6
your name: buda 151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5UbxyjYjVW
your computer's name: vultr151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr6TCU2oC4f
your username: buda 151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcrBKaHQCi1
timezone: shanghai151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr7VGsXBSxC
install151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMtN61Vi6iL
restart now151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmWVl3Ov7yG
拔出U盘, 按enter键
151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoEGGjldJIx
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡODaem27sws
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD3kTdbA5jD
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMxfufRfLiA
# cd /usr/src/glibc151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlNgj5wDujE
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmuXHCHFdUG
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnd9j0DxPFS
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRToFxwuRLW
# usermod -a -G root buda151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡed0VcLufWu
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQoOhGi9g9v
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbpmdsSxY2s
apt show rethinkdb151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeClERrkaMa
apt remove rethinkdb151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3JlkzGHSjU
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡR1DnlShv6U
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTGFArAiFyb
sudo apt update
151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX961BPnMF3
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ50W8yd3yP7
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeVFAK1I8iZ
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrLiRwIHnQK
编辑配置文件151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ9rLeH1xDT
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNo0nGndUUb
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYuRArM2Ois
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz400bzwSPq
patch:151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBxOu9pxHt5
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnx1TnwkGi8
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZayPzBJLbg
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuwojrut9vy
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW80I0NOpKc
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrrVjiS4fk7
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpm4FBX3A1n
--------------------------------------------------------------151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpK1DYPPjKI
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA4qIWpddg3
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmLM3qBv0Jb
部署rime输入法：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjILepikRzv
# ibus restart151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN7juKkKcuI
# ibus engine rime151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcnrpNRQ8jC
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHihjA5PaFy
按shift键进行中英输入转换151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoGzozcdIiv
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSLj7VqHvOl
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6yHYFfGn0h
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvIG0Kbgq8j
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRJrfj1Eys7
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo8F5msp6WG
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRw6Rgub2WP
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHb3cyb7DKr
# cd ~/Downloads151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJbhPqfNWhJ
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4OeHc5mrIb
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1SUlKs6l3c
# node -v151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMydhYs7Vn7
# npm install npm@latest -g151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1c8a0XqUwg
# npm config get registry151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡESYCFoReYC
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkEe96387jg
如果想用回官方registry:151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjQ1nyVKAW0
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaTb5jJuzWY
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL5moRtF3qg
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP6lR1U1C4m
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv55qHSiGD1
# nvm install --lts151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ4GhdWBe0A
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡACW8TcRITL
npm i package_name151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYIPRn3MWMw
项目更新151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9BxMpZ4tJc
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZHKLFB5Rvz
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8wKiWG5Ezh
如果不存在，生成证书151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnJslmNLX7q
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbhAILfl2oJ
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpffoGrur2n
将证书拷贝到服务器151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡExxoq2EhWZ
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJ4zJ2rQiM3
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhE01EuwCLX
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnzA7MTMb2B
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoO5ZtQCefH
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfyU2cG8EY9
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEIt6mnRUqS
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡecDJU8CHVs
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7q3vJKPKzb
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOpFoQYhYjN
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFDiT7FD0uL
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGxuWtsq7oL
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡj9FOYgZ6Kv
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡngUYWHveeb
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4HXv7McEkz
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzRiNMMhzv3
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYEBghM6QTt
# ufw allow 22151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcGOq5Nj7Tg
# ufw allow 80151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6AKs9suScX
# ufw allow 443151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM9C3DugGpq
# ufw enable151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLe3vEXxIdA
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4BBM6DT3et
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgvDCR9FLKj
# passwd root151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpfDJfBBJLy
# usermod -a -G groupA username151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzs82Wnghsc
# groups username
修改hostname151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8gQ4JBjA7u
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQlsgbsUYEd
# lscpu
查看内存151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7qcEqIrbkY
# free -h151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXhPWCmXT5D
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8KxlUXqEUp
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgSXAt06LVf
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn9xVoxaJVa
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzMuX1BmrLL
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE9ZrIzEfha
用sudo执行：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0ph2Xwmhqz
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz0RBJutgcz
查看硬盘151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY5ZUT5vXCR
# sudo lshw -c disk151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7LVSBrmniX
查看分区151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVBTkVOg54E
# sudo fdisk -l151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYPCaq76B0z
查看磁盘剩余空间151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzCNRfFql0a
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0BHw2m8yBm
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkWYUelGyR3
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGJG9ua83Ao
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwGnZdPfrNd
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlovdbuYk4p
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ47Kqa0eJqU
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYS62tUfdC0
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw4jdyzlEk4
g：所属组（group）。151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVsPCngGrAG
o：其他用户（others）。151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhvz9lG34C8
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡotbA6mH7Vt
操作符：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsq5TsrpUOu
+：添加权限。151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4jvJsIkEyb
-：移除权限。151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFtuWkVjyUk
=：设置权限。151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNeZS6GnRvr
權限：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnLZYhfzCeH
r（读） = 4151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw1pgOzmWxp
w（写） = 2151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWYJYME1LZM
x（执行） = 1151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlYRr6wOEw6
-（无权限） = 0151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxGj21ImAvv
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT6qtHUuZg4
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ584Wjxxtgz
5 = r-x（4 + 1）151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqbfUuthswt
6 = rw-（4 + 2）151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQWo1O6E4Uk
151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHYSWSdccML
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNiCC86osUY
添加alias, 比如：151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcNUnITGyrW
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2KlTLHmRw1
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwzGFr9h4Vq
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuA8IsQxKvy
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]151Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkwLBYKJRTd
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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