A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo7VMnHPIZq
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp3jrUVp6iG
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGMOYDGmndo
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwNdxutCkLk
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmNaXacugz6
try or install ubuntu174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡygX3FYzJcn
choose your language: english174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFG5MIFl7bB
accessibility in ubuntu: next174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaRQzgYXStN
select your keyboard layout: english(US)174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2ytDv8PRgN
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvkidtQbL5L
install ubuntu174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXAF5RzI07U
interactive installation174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8wPgpNeIh4
extended selection174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbJy0dEVYyv
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBa3wzaMOm4
check: download and install support for additional media formats174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCnrtsmQa1H
erase disk and install ubuntu174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdjAbpPTq6l
choose sdb174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡv2znJDvNHk
your name: buda 174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ72gaLGddpl
your computer's name: vultr174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSRWtzYhLoP
your username: buda 174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqluj7lsED9
timezone: shanghai174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaWzUDUevTt
install174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsivBqSMqjR
restart now174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXxIoT0nbpc
拔出U盘, 按enter键
174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2S13M1qRIv
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtCYAHF7qST
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZwdivmzeau
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvjT3gaV93f
# cd /usr/src/glibc174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfwKqdbbBtr
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM5VF1A7yix
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhkNvIxihab
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJcnMBJ7cl0
# usermod -a -G root buda174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxDrcVpXkDm
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKCZm9qy0SZ
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAJtpAcRwnv
apt show rethinkdb174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP5kRCZ9VM6
apt remove rethinkdb174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqEa9j2vXCU
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZdJrUIyODp
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1xxn2dcr1B
sudo apt update
174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJTdQAC2DWF
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeJIBGP3jD4
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd7ZwHie5iK
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV138byACbW
编辑配置文件174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAzuJnsSNPK
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsFJe2BkHdm
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4QXBmsdwI5
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡM0ybiV7hfc
patch:174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8wpdu7qmEU
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbyOBxVRI0P
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnJrAGpeOVV
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnlPev0xi0s
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUH9XVlzVnT
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIdenU42C9v
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxR3IzxFCN1
--------------------------------------------------------------174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhAxdYJnud5
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfBBoLyr5oz
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEytEjTqJCx
部署rime输入法：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzvzxNWEy4b
# ibus restart174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwxq933C0o1
# ibus engine rime174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXb0gsi8U0w
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfwQzYpYmar
按shift键进行中英输入转换174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt7RKT59WpW
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBt6rVRT3rC
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnVXhXL9lil
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwpfFL7CAoe
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWk4XKY5dA9
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtuC1sx1r7F
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqBWaYmnv4a
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8ltp7dZGz5
# cd ~/Downloads174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqdV9RxTP8v
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsSUkdXPVKR
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf0dZVc8nKf
# node -v174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx6HgZXbKyl
# npm install npm@latest -g174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzyC4RhGNVi
# npm config get registry174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXxOkXCstqJ
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzgx0BSLcs9
如果想用回官方registry:174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzRyHZiTYnc
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfSebtnI1jt
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkHzr5Sz8U8
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiy1YHJyini
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2x1VM8lGAH
# nvm install --lts174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTYBuxexahf
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoUqO0J107A
npm i package_name174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuy5KQR3cp8
项目更新174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFKyrZoVO0m
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsDj2z1Rjkm
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnJYKzT6Qs8
如果不存在，生成证书174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq46N60ly8C
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi1ruO9Jldf
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡr9qYdDAcVP
将证书拷贝到服务器174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnAMcznv6na
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtQdpxXp3BT
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJDyiBZzh2t
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJMIfFeF5Uo
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ86I7CryLI0
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJdvIfh3xb8
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoIwoQQcMdv
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡShEHuZoqS7
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw2aeihw8Sb
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJHGh7BxeqY
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPbIhT1JcBL
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡevYYiKx8w1
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMKeLVxFPr7
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbbvnELxcLb
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡU3tANLJbQ0
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡekA8dGN9Yk
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0jPwbsUB7n
# ufw allow 22174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpg6JRFmHjO
# ufw allow 80174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡppCywZP2Ad
# ufw allow 443174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvn2DOe2uqc
# ufw enable174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcgI2h5vJnz
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNXysSYDxr8
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYH6IKa3Qi3
# passwd root174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUqpvurZbI2
# usermod -a -G groupA username174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWKszeqO8et
# groups username
修改hostname174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOEku7GmQRa
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa7kf5TW2e6
# lscpu
查看内存174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH39748s7Qk
# free -h174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3kpBKevCsI
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdgMFO2nQVK
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJiKzjoFL6t
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf8L4rxpMhE
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeojdktXb6a
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd1txBFUvXT
用sudo执行：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP1tEBJrRmk
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnhDrlctLwz
查看硬盘174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuoHuLVAs2C
# sudo lshw -c disk174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNUsHOVxbk7
查看分区174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnUFV2RSbYp
# sudo fdisk -l174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfiTNN4ZcLj
查看磁盘剩余空间174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6AElC3JCJP
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvwEdlsEB5h
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQzjUfywoMg
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBfJP5EwcDv
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2JgYnQg8Iz
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVO9Yf9gjK2
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡciXWcqCMCg
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHYwZvN8PHX
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPzrfImAzaA
g：所属组（group）。174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfixMdMw37q
o：其他用户（others）。174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRqsBP74TCG
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb9ZnbC33Pz
操作符：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPplIFAQoJD
+：添加权限。174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzCtKNWNQ9q
-：移除权限。174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDA1rFFFbFL
=：设置权限。174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡb6RjGlOFDi
權限：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7XYbVrM3on
r（读） = 4174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡspc6Vp1B6N
w（写） = 2174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqWoHcxzH7Y
x（执行） = 1174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdTajugE8XK
-（无权限） = 0174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ZI8HGpnUb
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7laQB2KS2B
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCCUgO9mixd
5 = r-x（4 + 1）174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsN46nLtPOy
6 = rw-（4 + 2）174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLmadddoyLj
174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmIl0ul1Fvt
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkPQveneE4x
添加alias, 比如：174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTW8xLDWfLg
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq8LbMvK7WX
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡV4Tl4UzTd3
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnC8HYzDP5N
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]174Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjfVC4KqDSS
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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