A. 下载iso文件，制作启动U盘
aria2c -x 4 -s 12 "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso" "https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/24.04/ubuntu-24.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
安装启动盘制作软件rufus118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ66ifd5DIe
https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/releases/download/v4.5/rufus-4.5.exe118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRU6xEVHTFt
U盘的容量必须大于7G，在rufus中选择U盘, iso文件，MBR分区类型，NTFS文件格式，点击开始，选择以ISO镜像模式写入。
官方参考资料：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyFFHBqZjD4
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows#1-overview
118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5WBXYwWYG8
B. 安装ubuntu
从U盘启动电脑118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeZwRmptK14
try or install ubuntu118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIVOeiTizGw
choose your language: english118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkAlodrTnil
accessibility in ubuntu: next118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaK4lvQhOXm
select your keyboard layout: english(US)118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQzBHLDQlcN
connect to the internet: connect to a wi-fi network118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEHMCoIvi1K
install ubuntu118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsIiKDLyrB3
interactive installation118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbXbFWgnpsw
extended selection118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjZjaWzRtWO
check: install third-party software for graphics and wi-fi hardware118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8Sjsbo2Y33
check: download and install support for additional media formats118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZQqhD1Px0s
erase disk and install ubuntu118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmWaLPxuTG3
choose sdb118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0hJWCAPdQO
your name: buda 118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNjpWfdrmaC
your computer's name: vultr118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaCituvdQjG
your username: buda 118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp4L6CVAxEM
timezone: shanghai118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBo2Nt896bM
install118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsYuiR8M4Gx
restart now118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYl2LvSPHyp
拔出U盘, 按enter键
118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRuz3fLBet0
C. 初始化設置
点击左下角ubuntu图标进入开始菜单，将terminal pin to dash118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEs9a4I4xse
# sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
安装常用工具, 開發编译环境118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZMQXndyrq7
# sudo apt install nano net-tools build-essential gdb git glibc-source unzip openssl libssl-dev libzip-dev aria2 lsof118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnAUFkZsPHb
# cd /usr/src/glibc118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDX6Ox5cwuB
# tar xvf glibc-2.39.tar.xz118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡijOJGCHTml
在gdb中指定glibc的源代碼：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡARge65wJo4
gdb> directory /usr/src/glibc/glibc-2.39
將用戶加入root組118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ04FfdxHe6o
# usermod -a -G root buda118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSAZRhKxtX6
# groups buda
黑屏时间设置：15分钟无操作后黑屏118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMjs8dr1Mqw
点左下角进入开始菜单, search "power", click " (settings) Power" blank screen: 15 mins
apt search rethinkdb118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡO9Waa9xDbX
apt show rethinkdb118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbRULeHbuBy
apt remove rethinkdb118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEtPPftDhpa
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ #进入PPA源文件所在目录118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSRjSv6YaQy
sudo rm XXX.list #删除一个PPA源list文件118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCvx5fxFlgD
sudo apt update
118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz2kBHLhdOL
D. 安裝中文輸入法rime
# sudo apt install ibus-rime rime-data-luna-pinyin118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOxpIN9TAzS
点击左下角进入开始菜单，选择settings, keyboard，+ add input source...，others, chinese(rime)118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ6dgNHg10v
点击chinese(rime)右边的小竖点，move up，将chinese(rime)移到Input Sources列表的第一行118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGCu55UvLbd
编辑配置文件118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9B5ehfuYkt
一次显示9个候选词、模糊音118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWXuExfpxM1
# nano ~/.config/ibus/rime/default.custom.yaml118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6NOx7GCFsM
---------default.custom.yaml的内容如下-----------118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqZB61T05H6
patch:118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkfjgegLYqV
"menu/page_size": 9
'speller/algebra':118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkpmnxCSpfO
- erase/^xx$/ # 第一行保留
# 模糊音定義118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXkDP5jMKc5
- derive/^([zcs])h/$1/ # zh, ch, sh => z, c, s118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzCkEcQjCpN
- derive/^([zcs])([^h])/$1h$2/ # z, c, s => zh, ch, sh
- derive/^n/l/ # n => l118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwnq0O2ekRI
- derive/^l/n/ # l => n
- derive/([ei])n$/$1ng/ # en => eng, in => ing118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqv9HRmSh2b
- derive/([ei])ng$/$1n/ # eng => en, ing => in118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbPlKR5x3Zs
--------------------------------------------------------------118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7LkXWanGPL
为了使模糊音生效，拷贝配置文件118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡycBPcQY61Q
# cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin_simp.custom.yaml && cp default.custom.yaml luna_pinyin.custom.yaml118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUH8Pt0pgOx
部署rime输入法：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZWSOScBeAq
# ibus restart118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwJnAEuCrEN
# ibus engine rime118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRn10cUd2R6
在输入时按F4或者Ctrl+\`可弹出菜单，选择菜单上的数字可进行简繁输入转换118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlvXAuWnI0o
按shift键进行中英输入转换118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4kz4IL2JqH
有时候输入法失效时，可以重新运行一下部署rime的命令
参考资料：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcRLy619inP
CustomizationGuide · rime/home Wiki · GitHub118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ87iUue8OsE
https://www.cnblogs.com/keatonlao/p/12983158.html
118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZ5w1OTaaqZ
E. 安裝重要軟件
从code官网下载deb包，然后安装118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuluv2LpRl0
# sudo apt install ./code_1.90.0-1717531825_amd64.deb
gimp图片编辑器, chromium浏览器118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdoxaoEuR0F
从app center安装
墙内安装node/npm118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOK6NI65NHb
https://nodejs.org/en/ 下载LTS版本118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJNcQ81XEOY
# cd ~/Downloads118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGOb81n6zSv
# wget https://nodejs.org/dist/v20.15.0/node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyuIm29PpFq
# tar --strip-components 1 -xvf node-v20.15.0-linux-x64.tar.xz -C /usr/local118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWZAbJilxEv
# node -v118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQMwAToyLTP
# npm install npm@latest -g118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLHOTmFtrgW
# npm config get registry118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTHCaRzEZw8
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIzbNtKIrpp
如果想用回官方registry:118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQSVtN0FXbd
# npm config set registry https://registry.npmjs.org
墙外安装node/npm118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk90EVt1iN6
# curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.7/install.sh | bash118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOnFaPi1KFV
# export NVM_DIR="$([ -z "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME-}" ] && printf %s "${HOME}/.nvm" || printf %s "${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nvm")"118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBqSN1KiVJw
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" # This loads nvm118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8hOoXaXHbx
# nvm install --lts118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMKboyGN7Py
# npm install npm@latest -g
安装118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7GCqwZQHSu
npm i package_name118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4MTNfMTZeA
项目更新118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVogp4BFwZa
npm update
F. 配置服務器連接
1. ssh免密登录Linux服务器
在客户端检查是否存在证书118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx2b0qNyZ1p
# ls -al ~/.ssh/id_*.pub118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMqjPkagufe
如果不存在，生成证书118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNZov28YKtb
# ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "[email protected]"118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1WH1GIVp3a
生成证书的过程中使用空白的 passphrase118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8exp3bhglV
将证书拷贝到服务器118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm5hLMJ8ekq
# ssh-copy-id root@server
2. 从windows登录linux
如果是从windows系统连接ubuntu，可以安装putty作为访问服务器的终端。 118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl5rturgoFu
下载putty: https://www.putty.org/
putty免密登录Linux服务器的方法
在putty的安装目录找到puttygen.exe，运行生成ssl私钥和公钥，保存私钥到文件，复制公钥。118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYTxg77im2G
在putty的 connection/data 设置登录用户名为root，connection/ssh/auth/credentials中设置私钥的文件，保存设置。118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlZL65Ii72S
将公钥写入服务器的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 文件中, reboot ubuntu使修改生效118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWhMfMrg3X1
# nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjX7UmVNy2B
# reboot
如果想保持putty与服务器的连接保持不断线，可以在Putty中设置每隔一定的时间发一次心跳消息。
3. 保持与服务器的ssh连接不断线的方法
ssh连接服务器时如果容易断线，可以修改服务器sshd的设置，保持ssh连接不断线：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡs1hrzz6jMs
# nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLfO3LDNMfl
ClientAliveInterval 60 # 表示每60秒发送一次请求，从而保持连接不断线。118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk9r01Fmyas
ClientAliveCountMax 10 # 表示服务器发出请求后客户端没有响应的次数达到10次，就自动断开连接118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnjX2BF70iD
# systemctl restart sshd
4. 從ubuntu remote windows用remmina
從app中心安裝remmina118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7mDPqkRkDe
新建connection到windows
Basic標籤118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ631pMWeRQp
server: ip/domain.name, username: Administrator, password: ***118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6OvI5FWJ23
share folder中填寫ubuntu中的路徑，則可從windows訪問118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn0ZvU6SeEe
resolution中可設置合適的屏幕大小
Advanced標籤118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ91VAIfb4BL
output audio: 選擇local，則是windows發出的聲音
windows server 默認是麼有開啓聲音服務的，要設置一下才能發出聲音：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVFqkfyGnUN
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1894933
G. 網絡安全設置
防火墙设置118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡol9zFPQSDa
# ufw allow 22118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡourPh1Pnj0
# ufw allow 80118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6WAZvAn8j1
# ufw allow 443118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUMPFmAMPhE
# ufw enable118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7P5LKe0liT
# ufw status
H. 常用命令
创建软链接118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnzmE9jvvZw
# sudo ln -s 源文件 目标文件
修改密码118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh40H17sLX7
# passwd root118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnky1h2pdIa
# usermod -a -G groupA username118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9FznvjrlvQ
# groups username
修改hostname118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpGAoPfeVXy
# hostnamectl set-hostname xiaoyue
查看cpu118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDQdIe6cXpZ
# lscpu
查看内存118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeWevToLXso
# free -h118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuq7hkcubVx
# top
釋放被buff/cache占用的内存118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCRXVKTlaJJ
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空页面缓存118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEF1Xxa8Q39
# sync; echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空目录项缓存118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0OKbvWwudE
# sync; echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空SLAB缓存118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyYFO4yZElF
# sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches # 清空所有缓存118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡweiPcjmYIB
用sudo执行：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1lb1b4ojpS
# sudo sh -c "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGA1Rzs8H9P
查看硬盘118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOgaiYYF0ho
# sudo lshw -c disk118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh4Vc0gH8ax
查看分区118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaDXOkZlZAH
# sudo fdisk -l118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡP1BTGrLs08
查看磁盘剩余空间118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy8VNqWE9bJ
# df -hl
文件壓縮和打包118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcUXKvmvjz5
將在windows上壓縮出的zip文件傳遞給Linux系統解壓縮時，文件名會出現亂碼，這是因爲在Windows上文件名的編碼取決於「控制面板-時鐘和區域-區域-管理-非unicode程序語言」中的設置，中國大陸默認是簡體中文，gb2312(cp936)編碼. 而在Linux系統上則統一是utf-8編碼。118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ69sFVkWrTw
如何解決？最簡單的辦法是在解壓縮的時候說明一下原來的編碼，這樣壓縮工具就會識別出原來的文件名而自動將文件名轉爲utf8編碼, 命令如下：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy48y2wOnOw
unzip -O cp936 temp.zip
改變文件權限118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ67lfF3aJZT
# chmod g+w <文件/目录路径>118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ65w1QYlObB
# chmod -R g+w /path/to/directory118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUDS1UT7Ok9
设置所有者为 rwx，组为 r-x，其他用户为 r--：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyRfUebGjLl
# chmod 755 <文件/目录路径>
u：所有者（user）。118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEjleHgqaIS
g：所属组（group）。118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ0mXlqD9H2
o：其他用户（others）。118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLspVhVsmsE
a：所有用户（u、g、o）。118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGMBhyaoZ5H
操作符：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSuUy3FxWG3
+：添加权限。118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIdb3DXgg2g
-：移除权限。118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbHYIJ5szaM
=：设置权限。118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWjKi7JXdO3
權限：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0RQC4fXR3G
r（读） = 4118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg8Kjn1mkIQ
w（写） = 2118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhNdK9Ao69a
x（执行） = 1118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDu8PqwnU7f
-（无权限） = 0118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLC0jvs2z8d
通过加法得到最终的权限值。例如：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDPWBAXerfC
7 = rwx（4 + 2 + 1）118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK7aef1OI0q
5 = r-x（4 + 1）118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡki0zNm1qHm
6 = rw-（4 + 2）118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGKl2AEWRSL
118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWozL8wsPzl
I. 创建自定义命令
# nano ~/.bash_aliases118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAgVamydrGp
添加alias, 比如：118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxlTGrkg4Uu
alias gitbuda='gitbuda() { git add -A; git commit -m "$1"; git push; }; gitbuda'118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡT0zcbVaeH0
其中$1表示命令的第一个参数，这样就可以用 gitbuda "commit message"来运行命令118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Y3Paznvv2
# source ~/.bash_aliases
Section X. Thanks
https://ubuntu.com
118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQMeTCC7eAo
Section Y. Contacts Me
If you found any errors or have any suggestions for this article, please let me know, my wechat: si_jinmin, my email: [email protected]118Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9QVwK8iC31
如果您发现本文有任何错误，或者对本文有好的建议，欢迎与我联系探讨，我的微信: si_jinmin, 我的email: [email protected]
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