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當年史丹利喺河口係簽唔到協議乜濟136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxIDQE4yh0S
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所以剛果河下游自由邦係佔得好少地
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一般人眼中嘅非洲原始人就係呢啲喇
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故名思義就係阿史生首先發現㗎啦
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佢地要長做長有所以唔會搞到啲村民太慘136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf11QtDtwV2
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大屠殺對佢地嘅生意冇好處136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaWEGs75cAR
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(嗰系列嘅大湖係全非洲水產最豐富嘅地區)136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDNrO5N4BVs
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嗰度嘅部落有種嘢嘅又有放牧嘅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNUdyGFE1ZW
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咁大個國家得西邊一個出海口仔136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqy9lxCwrV1
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剛果唔似南美印加帝國咁有咁多金畀西班牙佬去搶136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGfdP1zhdrt
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喺自由邦成立前啲土人係隨意去攞嘅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuIyhTbSYGK
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佢首先要壟斷呢啲資源嘅擁有權136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7ddlvlWZIv
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佢要用啲冇咁顯眼嘅方法去做
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咁即係差唔多八九成嘅土地都變咗係政府嘅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ46dtbb6Scp
跟住喺1892年佢宣布所有喺政府土地收集到嘅嘢136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy2ZIbp8ovz
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去買入啲黑鬼收集到嘅資源喇
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之前啲黑鬼賣橡膠畀葡萄牙人136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlVP39ca9Ns
一公斤可以賣到3-4法郎136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡADXkSRkYU7
而家租界公司最多只會出7毫子
另外佢又用啱啱打贏咗阿拉伯人所攞到嘅聲望136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrLQ3BFBRqY
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(喺1892年自由邦政府開始起一條鐵路136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyje7lMuFwW
繞過剛果河中游嘅瀑布區136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfz77iLgkKh
全長三百幾公里)136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfCI9iGhUOB
啲稅收係以橡膠或者象牙嚟繳付136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgqZ320FR4G
好似人頭稅咁136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIZqyuMaKyj
每個成年男人都有一個配額136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbeIopciY21
由租界公司收取136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJhVISwO3dx
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...似曾相識136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcUusBSEZLH
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無助嘅農奴畀殘暴嘅稅吏追稅⋯⋯136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvf2V7XdFvw
剛果人嘅悲劇而家可以開始喇
利奧波德二世實際上係將成個剛果自由邦136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEr86ejyeYp
分成九座巨大嘅勞動集中營136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ68y0mF5XoV
而喺呢九個租界裡面136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkkmFF2tL9Z
每一條村都有由租界公司設立嘅哨站136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4L6wSzdHLa
哨站嘅主管全部都係歐洲嚟嘅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfQep9lfUsg
以惡名昭彰嘅A.B.I.R.為例136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd3Xi5gIEb9
(Anglo-Belgian India Rubber Company，136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ7bgoJenHh
利奧波德二世以代理人嘅方式136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUwlqlWWKiQ
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每年千八到二千法郎咁請啲人過去做嘅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡok8fubII2z
呢個人工其實唔係咁高136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeZ7tL5Giik
大概相等於同時期歐洲一個普通工人嘅年薪136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡECX1IXz39I
嗰度又山旮旯又多蛇蟲鼠蟻仲有食人族136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPB6fHEIfiy
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不過如果啲主管跑過咗target話就唔同咁講喇136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcdU4YwXhiI
(通常個target係佢管轄區內136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYhGXSJ2BgP
每個成年男丁每個月提供8到10公斤乾橡膠)136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1YCasSLJFn
因為橡膠總值嘅2%136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡW2r5hFEfRd
會作為佣金派發畀主管嘅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx89NyWvdxS
個佣可以去到萬七法朗一年136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ53hcD16q5M
加埋佢份底薪嘅話有成萬九法郎136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡITdJ77TTog
相等於而家63萬港紙左右136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiUP2jyAeTC
呢個人工對當時嘅歐洲人嚟講係非常吸引136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡVTRAIOGpHy
(去Working Holiday三年136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqoyj3lqZkW
之後返番鄉下就可以生活無憂䟴䟴腳，爽 )136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUYyadhumYC
但係如果唔到target嘅話136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3WcPfmlSEb
就要喺份糧到嘔番個差額出嚟136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmidLalncRg
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務求喺三年內賺夠走人136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMly9hileSb
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最初FP係利奧波德二世喺比利時請過嚟嘅士官做管理136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl29gSso15w
再加上由桑吉巴請番嚟嘅僱傭兵所組成嘅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWaiTvUpkcQ
後來FP喺剛果-阿拉伯戰爭爆發期間迅速膨脹136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4mSBtBCYDq
因為唔夠人佢開始強行徵召戰區內嘅黑鬼入伍136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOd0W2tBMv3
到戰爭完結時136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzOoO967OG2
FP嘅主力差唔多全部都係剛果人136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzSytfNmr7J
但係點解啲黑鬼會咁樣殘害自己同胞嘅?
其實所謂嘅“剛果人”136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡD1jpq9FeRw
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剛果盆地本身有二百幾個部族136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjEu5TyWoyI
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另外FP主要係徵召剛果東北部136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCr9s0Agtoq
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佢地不嬲都以侵略其他部落為生136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgzkjN9cQvO
而家邦政府出埋糧畀埋槍136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu7kLSCPTmQ
佢地開心都嚟唔切啦136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBwil6BOXGG
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佢地除咗會被扣一半糧之外136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWqbXPz2qya
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(監獄平均每日死三到十個人左右136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡy6g6SCOwmp
所以入得去坐都唔使旨意有命出番嚟)136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtkQLFrgja1
正所謂人不為己天誅地滅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8E5OJIBFvu
畀著係你會點揀?
呢條叫Chicotte，葡文解做鞭136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQLBqEZDJYi
呢啲犀牛皮做嘅鞭通常係攞嚟教訓啲搵唔夠橡膠嘅人136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnCyfTBeDlD
一個成年男人大概可以受卅鞭左右啦136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdVbRvftMAj
再多就升仙㗎喇
呢個男人望住嘅係佢個五歲嘅女嘅手同腳136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUykf119ZBV
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呢幅相揭露咗二十世紀初一場最大嘅人道醜聞
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去逼佢地採集橡膠136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXXU42Z6yVp
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啲村民當然不滿啦136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB6RwwYnkGu
尤其係喺自由邦西部近河口嘅部落136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFlohDobZ1R
呢啲稅項同壟斷令到佢地做開嘅生意完全停止136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxG2ntb8Eko
佢地有啲選擇咗反抗136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpUj5ByKiDL
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好多時呢啲叛亂都係滅族收場嘅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX2FIpDOy9Y
所以大部分自由邦西部嘅部落136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxZcu1rTzk2
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個調查員形容剛果河口地區嘅情況係136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmso9hbhofi
「自由邦境內人影都冇，但河嘅兩岸就人煙稠密」136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiwoBgY20qi
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邦政府同租界公司對每條村都有嚴密嘅監控136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaily33ZAyI
主要對外通道全部都有人把守136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9W8m472l9z
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而喺啲據點主管瘋狂捽數下136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCMFIUvfF2a
啲村民差唔多所有時間136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8OjirBrUnW
都係用晒嚟做收集橡膠有關嘅工作136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKMkkD1UPyZ
而近乎完全冇回報136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhKJtGqiM5a
一般一個成年男丁需要採集廿幾日136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNqtrF3IG4Q
先夠交嗰個月嘅橡膠稅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH2AXjvwqOR
有剩嘅先可以以賤價賣畀租界公司136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiNaxEwKgze
去換食物畀屋企人136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoZHkV69jpg
同時佢地亦都冇時間去打獵種田136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ61rp0Z3g59
一切正常嘅經濟民生活動被迫停止136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡC6dAC2RNHe
所以飢荒係非常普遍136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRDI31Nzysh
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對佢地嚟講已經係最好嘅情況嚟㗎喇136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJKpjNzoI9W
因為非洲橡膠嘅特點136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWRUVvTdBx5
令採集嘅效率愈嚟愈低136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuhEo57svWl
要到數係件非常困難嘅事
啲橡膠乳液平均一半係水份，個稅係計曬乾咗嘅重量，所以冇得加水出術
喺呢度要講少少關於橡膠嘅嘢先136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDhIfyJCjSa
自從1893年發明咗充氣車胎之後136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQsXRT6OoLz
橡膠嘅需求直線上升136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3FeyMqu4Wz
但係供應個速度一時之間追唔上136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQNPlq2wsH9
供不應求下個價由1894年六個幾一公斤136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPSOFTIdO1t
飆升到1898年嘅10法郎136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEFZB1KEZCj
租界公司當然就會不斷咁提高橡膠稅額啦136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMhaNUFhxUs
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係冇可能滿足到不停增長嘅需求136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKfeAV76WWR
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橡膠主要分兩種:橡膠樹同橡膠攀藤136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6ZFaYigLwd
原產地係南美巴西嘅橡膠樹136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRHzwrSbKqq
只需要割開主要軀幹嘅樹皮136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiaefq9WiGK
因為地心吸力136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHOlN0qWj1U
啲乳液就會自然流出嚟136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFotPtnUmMo
啲工人割完擺低個桶裝住佢136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzgL3ClpHHh
第二日去收番啲桶就搞掂136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ0KqSMxZHl
基本上好似開水喉咁長開長有136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQoJ90jBfYn
不過呢一種樹非洲係冇嘅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdfwHMhi5ri
現時主流嘅收集乳液方法
巴西政府極力維護呢種橡膠樹嘅壟斷136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJDoA5wPtG3
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呢個英國佬偷咗七萬幾粒種子畀英國政府136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu5TVxfu9jT
跟住攞去馬來亞半島度種136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLUzslYH80F
所以而家天然橡膠最主要嘅產區係馬來西亞而唔係巴西
而剛果盆地嘅橡膠136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcAKZEBx8PT
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喺雨林呢類攀藤會一路沿住啲大樹幹生上去136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyu3dyxssR6
通常會生到三十米以上136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp5AUPJzR2a
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從而冇明顯嘅軀幹136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlXj8VsL68L
如果用南美橡膠樹嗰種方法去收集乳液嘅話136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpLTxcUj7pU
因為冇主要軀幹136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbKWTz1EldM
啲乳液唔夠集中136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZoaGGjmunG
喺啲支幹度收集嘅話個份量會太少136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDGQxZKfah5
收集速度太慢根本唔可行較為有效率嘅方法136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8j0TynSUjz
就係爬上樹頂136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmfGQKf1QQP
成棵逐忽逐忽斬落嚟136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKY0xsChtPL
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仲非常晒時間136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq8NfjgVh7i
一日最多榨到兩至三棵136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPmlVkbezoi
一棵榨乾榨淨可能得半桶乳液136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡf05Or5cNsx
經烘乾後仲要再少一半重量136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSTMQpIkIRI
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最大鑊係咁樣搞一搞棵嘢就會玩完136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXAmccSsrmv
即係雨林入面嘅橡膠源買少見少136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyVLIZaZu7g
當村附近嘅橡膠源枯竭晒後136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8BnfXl8iJj
啲村民就要愈嚟愈深入雨林入面136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRAmkWLLEkS
去搵愈嚟愈稀缺嘅橡膠攀藤136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ011PpKUss7
一來一回嘅運輸時間長咗136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXumVZUn1MM
令效率進一步降低136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡehKACEYfRZ
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一個成年男丁136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzxg9jSJY1X
已經冇可能完成佢嘅配額喇
等佢滴完一桶你啲屋企人好可能命仔都冇埋喇喎136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn611d2WXzL
你會點揀?
當然啲黑鬼有困難就係佢地嘅問題嚟啫136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgLFHEXaOdV
喺啲主管眼中最擔心嘅係佢自己到唔到數136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcm2CdyMMrI
除咗逼啲黑鬼冇飯開都要搵橡膠之外136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvQCP5xMPk6
佢地仲會不斷派人探索叢林深處136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFM1bbcUJUb
搵啲未被發現嘅原始部落再設立據點136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYUQDXHA1kS
透過呢啲破壞性嘅開採方法136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuXjjHWzIja
加上不斷發掘新嘅剝削對象136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡz6e2KATcqE
令一眾租界公司業務蒸蒸日上136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGGVNaSSleB
以A.B.I.R.為例136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuAeTssLAng
1892-94兩年總共先賺咗13萬法郎136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1BLGOxaXyS
到1900年一年已經賺差唔多250萬喇136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSSTCTOHhTl
換番做而家嘅港紙大概係8200萬左右136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6RyTwKJIhg
呢個仲只係一間公司一年嘅利潤咋喎136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtZ1AjXIjfE
成個自由邦總共有九間租界公司136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTzidyoaeog
可想而知嗰個時期成個剛果為利奧波德二世賺咗幾多錢136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJUeq6vxqA0
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喺呢段時間利奧波德二世利用呢啲錢去還債136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9mAgWMm0UT
同回購租界公司嘅股份136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCJRpxck7wp
令剛果自由邦逐漸成為佢真正嘅私人財產136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ub5hyWae8
與此同時佢喺比利時大肆建造極其華美嘅建築136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvHEyUdoxmT
又大力扶持國家嘅工業同轉口生意136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9z3prqcelf
比利時因此國泰民安136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjyfEpp4515
一躍成西歐其中一個最工業化，最富裕嘅國家136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3vD9269zBC
至於地球另一邊嗰個黑暗角落發生嘅事136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEN0wF9Ch9s
當時嘅人係唔知亦都唔會理嘅136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡylsHrwzJO3
佢地只係知道仁慈嘅國王為佢地帶嚟幸福136Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzpJBck9Plo
不過呢種發展模式差唔多去到盡頭喇
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...待續
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