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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網122Please respect copyright.PENANAQQyCcwVun5
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力122Please respect copyright.PENANAXe02B5M0HR
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西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗122Please respect copyright.PENANAawkx4uRZYx
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多122Please respect copyright.PENANA8240E9AmML
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易122Please respect copyright.PENANAqZOtAWp9x7
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水122Please respect copyright.PENANALwxtlPKJ8g
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前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年122Please respect copyright.PENANAQH9tZ8MhYF
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加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊122Please respect copyright.PENANAo5vu3DdTeP
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢122Please respect copyright.PENANAl6KPyLGXIK
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印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉122Please respect copyright.PENANAT6alFMpIoO
就算食到都消化不良啦122Please respect copyright.PENANA2Sum7carIV
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站122Please respect copyright.PENANALxmDtsyzLI
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向122Please respect copyright.PENANA38XDEGNgZF
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞122Please respect copyright.PENANAlb1U6ka595
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非洲
當初搞咁多嘢122Please respect copyright.PENANAWocoPadmvQ
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非洲有人力122Please respect copyright.PENANASokAhDLBBJ
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心122Please respect copyright.PENANA2zr8PAPgus
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦122Please respect copyright.PENANAtKC3kDYDHu
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢122Please respect copyright.PENANAAd3od2ErsC
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼122Please respect copyright.PENANAdaafF91IV3
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢122Please respect copyright.PENANAmGgka0xFF9
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國122Please respect copyright.PENANAK3nTA5GORD
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隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行122Please respect copyright.PENANANaQGRZLK60
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣122Please respect copyright.PENANAEd1L9ONfA6
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由此激發各國投入人力物力122Please respect copyright.PENANAje4atFYXVM
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器122Please respect copyright.PENANAu0bPqUyK3L
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船122Please respect copyright.PENANAj5hfvrKzOv
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易122Please respect copyright.PENANAk2kPzN0kOW
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲122Please respect copyright.PENANA5Z81G306YS為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度122Please respect copyright.PENANAf95KkvoOz4
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:122Please respect copyright.PENANAyanBjc1EQk
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做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒122Please respect copyright.PENANAabq5YoMwq3
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而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉122Please respect copyright.PENANA4qCx3HLJRz
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
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於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團122Please respect copyright.PENANAJWshK8C21S
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就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控122Please respect copyright.PENANARFGTc5oVNb
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大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營122Please respect copyright.PENANAwvChLo23QU
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤122Please respect copyright.PENANAH0ntPLryRv
有時仲會大打出手122Please respect copyright.PENANAkhbAGo579z
好似1605年3月嗰次122Please respect copyright.PENANAbAZoDjUDIT
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨122Please respect copyright.PENANARx9VSaLUbY
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈122Please respect copyright.PENANAe9QPj5DiuO
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所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇122Please respect copyright.PENANAe3B26uKsN0
我直接講個結果:122Please respect copyright.PENANA8xDg7uKWMa
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗122Please respect copyright.PENANANHK3emyXzJ
法號伍朋八世122Please respect copyright.PENANAw4cx7pTSNM
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員122Please respect copyright.PENANAWWHcaOAkJ6
…122Please respect copyright.PENANANeGrQC1QNS
..122Please respect copyright.PENANAMKVi8D5wKb
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開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???122Please respect copyright.PENANAMPxz8KrStr
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦122Please respect copyright.PENANA21Lp3OIYB9
佢地其實係病死嘅122Please respect copyright.PENANAzeyj6HQ8lR
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"122Please respect copyright.PENANAs7ze9ad4xa
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇122Please respect copyright.PENANAZ09mSXOKaI
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播122Please respect copyright.PENANA6ORygeEfgl
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時122Please respect copyright.PENANA3uXsLkPemg
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味122Please respect copyright.PENANAjqyFFMgdYD
係會令人發燒同病死122Please respect copyright.PENANAg4nOrnWWee
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾122Please respect copyright.PENANAPAoI4GDWWG
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後122Please respect copyright.PENANAazmjev5d9i
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘122Please respect copyright.PENANAnjBxLVv1Uu
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體122Please respect copyright.PENANAerTapMctjQ
帶返去羅馬本土喇122Please respect copyright.PENANARx5k5NldtW
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶122Please respect copyright.PENANALBy0ONzIOu
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖122Please respect copyright.PENANACUtjinJIrd
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地122Please respect copyright.PENANAr63A2CwEZS
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣122Please respect copyright.PENANAkBsEgSBuwB
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時122Please respect copyright.PENANAAzUMDbf5Sr
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命122Please respect copyright.PENANAuKuh9ATeJu
額我略十五世唔遲唔早122Please respect copyright.PENANA3M03WauGJU
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋122Please respect copyright.PENANArPx2X3ye28
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇122Please respect copyright.PENANAaJF0ZjNDHh
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世122Please respect copyright.PENANAm4guOC35yz
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召122Please respect copyright.PENANAbj9Skou2qu
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦122Please respect copyright.PENANAZsj4P8AIEg
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病122Please respect copyright.PENANATvNwR8L8hc
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史122Please respect copyright.PENANA3y9gFBa3cd
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦122Please respect copyright.PENANAUtvu3AlvUL
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾122Please respect copyright.PENANAsQsMfJVbbL
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法122Please respect copyright.PENANAkNVnpFGaBI
真係唔醫好過醫122Please respect copyright.PENANAakZcoDEy3I
不過喺呢個大航海時代122Please respect copyright.PENANAfbWYHMrrMj
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢122Please respect copyright.PENANAUqz5HKbOaH
16世紀起122Please respect copyright.PENANA1vGUvIu5nO
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊122Please respect copyright.PENANADNBzByJPAJ
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲122Please respect copyright.PENANAzh9WTgLRzD
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛122Please respect copyright.PENANAm2baM8y7dM
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人122Please respect copyright.PENANAOMUyk7JNSr
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣122Please respect copyright.PENANAk8ifyi5vHd
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目122Please respect copyright.PENANADej2juAsyf
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材122Please respect copyright.PENANASimXIxfI2P
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英122Please respect copyright.PENANAUxHmoWlkso
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落122Please respect copyright.PENANAEaTxV3f4T8
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦122Please respect copyright.PENANACC1GT3Kq3o
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情122Please respect copyright.PENANAVi9BNAFRnp
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....122Please respect copyright.PENANA984uYpitSG
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸122Please respect copyright.PENANAOneRh6ZXV3
喺呢個地理大發現時代122Please respect copyright.PENANAHvxBSBPcim
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置122Please respect copyright.PENANATXaGr6Fu14
呢個故事嘅主要成份122Please respect copyright.PENANAsIMRJq3TeA
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初122Please respect copyright.PENANAiEF0rJtXpZ
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬122Please respect copyright.PENANAoULKTObNKM
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後122Please respect copyright.PENANAJh8l0F0Sev
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土122Please respect copyright.PENANAcuGY9Cbb6x
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每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉122Please respect copyright.PENANA3l0503SlWt
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病122Please respect copyright.PENANAt7JDqiOjuB
服從性有幾高可想而知122Please respect copyright.PENANAawddzfvJLH
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫122Please respect copyright.PENANAoEsLhbu0KC
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話122Please respect copyright.PENANAAk7wipJ1Ru
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講122Please respect copyright.PENANAsfj6qeBJ13
無疑係甘上加甘122Please respect copyright.PENANAQ2JkQOA6vA
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢122Please respect copyright.PENANAUWqP1ITRS0
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000122Please respect copyright.PENANAzAzeDKOCEE
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度122Please respect copyright.PENANAUjUXekhIAy
錢就使咗效果又冇122Please respect copyright.PENANADF2nOKS4Tf
咁點搞?122Please respect copyright.PENANA7NitI0qDYj
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”122Please respect copyright.PENANAwVux9sKNyg
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案122Please respect copyright.PENANAodxlpMN4xX
作為糖嘅發源地122Please respect copyright.PENANAHMxIapUmKY
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像122Please respect copyright.PENANAbXE3oSyuQD
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右122Please respect copyright.PENANA8NuizLmBpp
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官122Please respect copyright.PENANASiWY6LEBy2
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:122Please respect copyright.PENANAshbTaZa1cf
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧122Please respect copyright.PENANA3a5KbF5iAM
溶入高濃度糖水122Please respect copyright.PENANAFTALzqE1iQ
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮122Please respect copyright.PENANA6tQAugmSuP
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿122Please respect copyright.PENANAwOFeZ8n32a
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度122Please respect copyright.PENANAQAWj6cPC2a
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇122Please respect copyright.PENANAm3PUVtjV0Z
啲軍官再進一步122Please respect copyright.PENANAzk1zz2W4eE
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒122Please respect copyright.PENANAvSa1dyT0Eu
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
122Please respect copyright.PENANAfhlLKLMuha
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆122Please respect copyright.PENANAB2dhBgTfQq
法國人曾經試過用紅酒122Please respect copyright.PENANAhvfBdabpST
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪122Please respect copyright.PENANAtMYZmKMAHZ
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水122Please respect copyright.PENANArLWfLW2dpw
味道完全唔融和122Please respect copyright.PENANAO0MhN5HJaY
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味122Please respect copyright.PENANAnEXPIluljM
後來研究發現122Please respect copyright.PENANAlZr38t8Dr2
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份122Please respect copyright.PENANAO4Fd2XrKe5
同奎寧結合成聚合體122Please respect copyright.PENANAusFFugjSkj
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道122Please respect copyright.PENANAoR6StV9Yu8
呢個偶然嘅發現122Please respect copyright.PENANAkQ3PHcHXSt
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎122Please respect copyright.PENANAf5VXWzYNYk
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵122Please respect copyright.PENANAQAR2sJ9jqe
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧122Please respect copyright.PENANATFDYLspSPi
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥122Please respect copyright.PENANAFev4IzDxze
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品122Please respect copyright.PENANAnCBGNVNF0h
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度122Please respect copyright.PENANAfxvCWIZ6zg
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品122Please respect copyright.PENANAWedzPtMTb9
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)122Please respect copyright.PENANA3VA0BbZfM5
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水122Please respect copyright.PENANAe2HYbF68N2
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水122Please respect copyright.PENANAAqHML62x33
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命122Please respect copyright.PENANA480r7UHM83
例如喺1875年122Please respect copyright.PENANAzyV1eXcS2w
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率122Please respect copyright.PENANAEmanZcVo3N
已經跌到去1.5%122Please respect copyright.PENANAdtcLhbkIyp
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面122Please respect copyright.PENANAZ9fzodfxDC
下集會講吓122Please respect copyright.PENANAgtQzmEemzg
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥122Please respect copyright.PENANAumovVV16gM
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運122Please respect copyright.PENANAdwpkFyH13n122Please respect copyright.PENANAtkTKaYj3xd