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開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多150Please respect copyright.PENANAV0eaDAZOkQ
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非洲
當初搞咁多嘢150Please respect copyright.PENANANHpg1ju0mo
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再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼150Please respect copyright.PENANARxtMCkATGJ
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英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國150Please respect copyright.PENANAZ8tr7jbKQR
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易150Please respect copyright.PENANARAz794XQWi
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲150Please respect copyright.PENANA2yi08QuMCM為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度150Please respect copyright.PENANALqK14hbskQ
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係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
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大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營150Please respect copyright.PENANAH5avOcqhvP
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我直接講個結果:150Please respect copyright.PENANA3XQgrYEHLF
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗150Please respect copyright.PENANART0nEfao80
法號伍朋八世150Please respect copyright.PENANASJXirK79Kr
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員150Please respect copyright.PENANA3vjz0Pbqmy
…150Please respect copyright.PENANAsraOwgJz3Z
..150Please respect copyright.PENANAYoDPDdosPF
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開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???150Please respect copyright.PENANA7vK0oRvOrQ
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦150Please respect copyright.PENANAEeaqvJSfDm
佢地其實係病死嘅150Please respect copyright.PENANADcxOnLWnWt
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"150Please respect copyright.PENANA8sV59SzPdx
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇150Please respect copyright.PENANA17PXMelMTM
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播150Please respect copyright.PENANAAkzCHg7YnQ
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時150Please respect copyright.PENANAXdrKjE9fYV
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呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
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呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
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羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘150Please respect copyright.PENANAXQXF6NB2yR
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帶返去羅馬本土喇150Please respect copyright.PENANAP3KpM7O3Kx
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶150Please respect copyright.PENANAbvm0Ld5019
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖150Please respect copyright.PENANAnvQ8Z3KtLI
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地150Please respect copyright.PENANAJRTOsx8jUz
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣150Please respect copyright.PENANAYyuhsv7qbr
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時150Please respect copyright.PENANAHbbmmt6FhZ
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命150Please respect copyright.PENANAE09Y9uoCxn
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啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋150Please respect copyright.PENANAzfbVQ48G44
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇150Please respect copyright.PENANALDytnlOktd
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世150Please respect copyright.PENANAZ4fBUftWK1
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咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史150Please respect copyright.PENANA1juh2NIq1U
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦150Please respect copyright.PENANAypAIdSjCUN
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾150Please respect copyright.PENANASUPqTysZYk
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法150Please respect copyright.PENANAjzA2sopiUs
真係唔醫好過醫150Please respect copyright.PENANAve7PAek0Y0
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的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢150Please respect copyright.PENANA0FUybqtEEv
16世紀起150Please respect copyright.PENANALyI8tOZY1Z
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊150Please respect copyright.PENANA86rX176dFq
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲150Please respect copyright.PENANAw07rm14cON
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呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人150Please respect copyright.PENANAHRgbbrFoj0
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣150Please respect copyright.PENANAYvwG65boPu
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目150Please respect copyright.PENANAvnG0ld9MUu
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材150Please respect copyright.PENANA6IFlxXN0JF
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英150Please respect copyright.PENANAAxCniNAUwU
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落150Please respect copyright.PENANA11EyWLz3QV
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦150Please respect copyright.PENANATcpGl4EFM4
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情150Please respect copyright.PENANACNkGvTNYoM
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....150Please respect copyright.PENANAkkyQwo8lEd
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸150Please respect copyright.PENANAG2283Q0vWD
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呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置150Please respect copyright.PENANAS69x2MVJdR
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就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
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地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬150Please respect copyright.PENANAgqoRc2jNWe
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服從性有幾高可想而知150Please respect copyright.PENANAz9hFEcMT9e
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫150Please respect copyright.PENANAQe3Q1YZM3V
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話150Please respect copyright.PENANAJQy5hsilgS
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講150Please respect copyright.PENANAC7U7fvxb4F
無疑係甘上加甘150Please respect copyright.PENANAghcj7znIul
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢150Please respect copyright.PENANAPyhJFLTQbs
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000150Please respect copyright.PENANA9z6OldFhIb
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度150Please respect copyright.PENANAxZEQmmEStn
錢就使咗效果又冇150Please respect copyright.PENANALGbsmewbQH
咁點搞?150Please respect copyright.PENANA2mCwJrHtpw
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”150Please respect copyright.PENANAbeiAOAzZm6
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案150Please respect copyright.PENANAi7uu2IiGiA
作為糖嘅發源地150Please respect copyright.PENANAFi2G6wEqpW
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像150Please respect copyright.PENANA2MM7q55TfR
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右150Please respect copyright.PENANAdnvyslb3M3
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官150Please respect copyright.PENANAHcl6gxyQhr
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:150Please respect copyright.PENANAaRxTcmw6hz
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧150Please respect copyright.PENANAPj1jB66VP0
溶入高濃度糖水150Please respect copyright.PENANA5C7WRT3H2z
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮150Please respect copyright.PENANAtevXdMTgUa
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿150Please respect copyright.PENANA00yVS8YzIs
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度150Please respect copyright.PENANArRbLYktoAq
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇150Please respect copyright.PENANAFTMhOFIdFB
啲軍官再進一步150Please respect copyright.PENANANUL184Mr99
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒150Please respect copyright.PENANATRopxeM81R
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
150Please respect copyright.PENANAjfqJjAWT6o
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆150Please respect copyright.PENANAzGlTf9PXMj
法國人曾經試過用紅酒150Please respect copyright.PENANATmaQNNgxCa
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪150Please respect copyright.PENANAJCSmmgU9HM
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水150Please respect copyright.PENANAE2RpjNiEvP
味道完全唔融和150Please respect copyright.PENANAJjihHMnMs0
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味150Please respect copyright.PENANAA8KAsbk3qH
後來研究發現150Please respect copyright.PENANARER8hyieDE
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份150Please respect copyright.PENANAfjN2ODdfmu
同奎寧結合成聚合體150Please respect copyright.PENANAWqh2v03VI8
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道150Please respect copyright.PENANAwnYrhtX4Vo
呢個偶然嘅發現150Please respect copyright.PENANAlhz8h0nbgr
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎150Please respect copyright.PENANAWGWhUKM407
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵150Please respect copyright.PENANAvNKK7Jjv2Z
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧150Please respect copyright.PENANAY5teuaS3LD
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥150Please respect copyright.PENANAGsZpMG7MS9
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品150Please respect copyright.PENANAxMYN014N0F
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度150Please respect copyright.PENANAtR4oxSMLWc
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品150Please respect copyright.PENANAH7RNoPYGMy
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)150Please respect copyright.PENANAumnjSwAPHC
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水150Please respect copyright.PENANAG1v3mUslC2
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水150Please respect copyright.PENANAaLy7SmArPd
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命150Please respect copyright.PENANAqW1QLolF99
例如喺1875年150Please respect copyright.PENANAzFlafOlApw
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率150Please respect copyright.PENANAeNPisVga9p
已經跌到去1.5%150Please respect copyright.PENANAMX7KBm9hxa
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面150Please respect copyright.PENANACW5PosF9vj
下集會講吓150Please respect copyright.PENANAag7HsFD9Jg
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥150Please respect copyright.PENANAdM2Dps3tcl
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運150Please respect copyright.PENANASHbXSxgktA150Please respect copyright.PENANAVmExtBuARx