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同大家講吓呢個喺各大討論區久唔久都會問嘅問題185Please respect copyright.PENANAgK306EtNKr
首先要簡單講講個時代背景先185Please respect copyright.PENANA8NkCmWCAeW
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通向東方嘅貿易路線就咁畀班異教徒壟斷咗185Please respect copyright.PENANAcKLfW9tLYS
運往歐洲嘅香料茶葉以至各式各樣嘅東方商品185Please respect copyright.PENANA7laZelsaSU
買少見少之餘亦都水漲船高185Please respect copyright.PENANAvxAp3F08aM
其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅185Please respect copyright.PENANA6310zt7dOa
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙185Please respect copyright.PENANA5pexAor154
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下185Please respect copyright.PENANAJPRldoN2iQ
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙185Please respect copyright.PENANAzbc0Zqs21n
1493年3月15日星期五中午 185Please respect copyright.PENANA4B7Jlo9h3N
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斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦185Please respect copyright.PENANAV7t2oTRUgS
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布185Please respect copyright.PENANA7Hf5gjGNNN
跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報185Please respect copyright.PENANAfZUsj9loS5
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸185Please respect copyright.PENANARmx9GoFdGD
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網185Please respect copyright.PENANAaPEYzgKRSo
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦185Please respect copyright.PENANAePQQ58NER1
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞185Please respect copyright.PENANAAx7Ai9s7Dd
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸185Please respect copyright.PENANAZ7SNLJITGq
(佢個名“Amerigo”亦都成為呢塊新大陸嘅名“America”)185Please respect copyright.PENANAO4l6RizF1x
咁既然唔係亞洲185Please respect copyright.PENANAZczGDDlytQ
自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料185Please respect copyright.PENANAOZU5BYLYRm
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀185Please respect copyright.PENANA3nA1m5g16W
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦185Please respect copyright.PENANAG7IEmLrSuP
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下185Please respect copyright.PENANAVJM4zesb7t
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇185Please respect copyright.PENANAA2U2iCBSwF
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時185Please respect copyright.PENANAdI0JdRnIXO
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地185Please respect copyright.PENANAtdyxx5sQx4
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力185Please respect copyright.PENANAH9yADnrddl
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累185Please respect copyright.PENANAwvj3sTJ6na
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖185Please respect copyright.PENANAoZHRlZlfzR
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗185Please respect copyright.PENANA47ZfxFznkI
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多185Please respect copyright.PENANAmK9NeI8I8p
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易185Please respect copyright.PENANArxNuK1laSC
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水185Please respect copyright.PENANAs1mg36wWY8
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度185Please respect copyright.PENANAqmwycI0jDG
同環繞赤道一周差唔多185Please respect copyright.PENANAaWDfK1DNNd
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲185Please respect copyright.PENANADKNxVi3bh2
萬一有咩阻滯185Please respect copyright.PENANAbcgBXPeegj
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道185Please respect copyright.PENANASNsQJRppAv
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢185Please respect copyright.PENANArlnAzlJCQT
就仆得街喇185Please respect copyright.PENANArpJTeg2gEZ
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年185Please respect copyright.PENANA20AAp1ZNeR
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得185Please respect copyright.PENANANIczcl4j6z
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天185Please respect copyright.PENANAAdk98Uckg8
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非185Please respect copyright.PENANACvACAmq0kU
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年185Please respect copyright.PENANA6H3zIErN7N
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生185Please respect copyright.PENANAaYncYH9MqP
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺185Please respect copyright.PENANAh5sX61xv6h
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等185Please respect copyright.PENANA8Anr3qwxT7
(達伽馬第一次到達印度嘅航程,177個水手就有122個死於壞血病,包括佢個親兄弟)185Please respect copyright.PENANAHSnbMbF1tb
另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支185Please respect copyright.PENANAVeFsx7qaBo
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊185Please respect copyright.PENANAXBhiFxJoMz
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢185Please respect copyright.PENANA6owOnUus4f
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講185Please respect copyright.PENANAMDZvY3yHZK
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉185Please respect copyright.PENANAVrjc7Eu5Gs
就算食到都消化不良啦185Please respect copyright.PENANA0CwDc1oChO
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站185Please respect copyright.PENANAIqzWPi1MSZ
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向185Please respect copyright.PENANAp7zrPsNCQu
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞185Please respect copyright.PENANAwacOYD8o0n
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多185Please respect copyright.PENANAr0zadEuKS0
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:185Please respect copyright.PENANAnLtWy9LVay
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢185Please respect copyright.PENANACecBGDcqc2
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫185Please respect copyright.PENANAvterW91Es0
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近185Please respect copyright.PENANAgtzbedMFQ9
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎185Please respect copyright.PENANAzcumXUNRwd
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力185Please respect copyright.PENANArRlC6Pfbm3
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁185Please respect copyright.PENANAlfj6pERUQ5
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩185Please respect copyright.PENANAxFMd2q0TzF
美洲有耕地185Please respect copyright.PENANAYDgmqR3GkJ
非洲有人力185Please respect copyright.PENANAaiCrxxh6H8
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心185Please respect copyright.PENANA2a7p0gZ6Nq
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦185Please respect copyright.PENANAiCOu8ZsAZo
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢185Please respect copyright.PENANA5rvVdShpHv
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼185Please respect copyright.PENANA5umhAyRfxa
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢185Please respect copyright.PENANAIjX3pTJGGK
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國185Please respect copyright.PENANArVX1rYd9BN
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦185Please respect copyright.PENANAv7fGGyJp8b
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行185Please respect copyright.PENANAAmB9Xf8FZJ
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣185Please respect copyright.PENANAHW1wzptUZu
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴185Please respect copyright.PENANA8HfHaxv4O7
由此激發各國投入人力物力185Please respect copyright.PENANAndNPdBZjqL
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器185Please respect copyright.PENANAS73DdTMUAq
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船185Please respect copyright.PENANA83dfmTTLbO
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展185Please respect copyright.PENANA6U6zV6fLSq
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等185Please respect copyright.PENANA5PwjHvd8IO
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話185Please respect copyright.PENANARfbsQozT3V
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易185Please respect copyright.PENANADbYuKMSBrp
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲185Please respect copyright.PENANA9Xa5qxM2Id為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度185Please respect copyright.PENANA2S5U8dU4yy
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:185Please respect copyright.PENANAPwC4WF6LVv
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?185Please respect copyright.PENANA2z9XF0yXZD
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒185Please respect copyright.PENANAhlIZzwMBiD
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀185Please respect copyright.PENANARAGdgEYvCG
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢185Please respect copyright.PENANAC4j7rulmvL
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成185Please respect copyright.PENANA5XUmNnQT6p
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉185Please respect copyright.PENANAVsI3wGHajV
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現185Please respect copyright.PENANA5I1wuEtjmW
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲185Please respect copyright.PENANA3wbpPNDxPL
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉185Please respect copyright.PENANAwTL4s2nS8h
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團185Please respect copyright.PENANAWZ0rYoxPXe
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議185Please respect copyright.PENANAoOUAf3rY88
準備選出新教宗喇185Please respect copyright.PENANAd5zJ2j78lO
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖185Please respect copyright.PENANAc8kqmqcwba
自16世紀起185Please respect copyright.PENANAfD2Qsaeog9
呢個小圈子選舉185Please respect copyright.PENANAtXSioJZtz6
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控185Please respect copyright.PENANALthbEKeJ2h
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益185Please respect copyright.PENANA1Sw0jXtGtx
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營185Please respect copyright.PENANAuFIMMa50iP
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤185Please respect copyright.PENANAkk65zV28YP
有時仲會大打出手185Please respect copyright.PENANAbvlg8Ilbcr
好似1605年3月嗰次185Please respect copyright.PENANAksD7jGVeWD
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨185Please respect copyright.PENANA1wTZQsXtI4
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈185Please respect copyright.PENANARVwyYRoA3M
不過呢個唔係今集重點185Please respect copyright.PENANAghC0DFqlal
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇185Please respect copyright.PENANAeywrU3fSd0
我直接講個結果:185Please respect copyright.PENANANyP3sQHOtl
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗185Please respect copyright.PENANAsQChBRPBcf
法號伍朋八世185Please respect copyright.PENANAobbNnzBitq
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員185Please respect copyright.PENANApXQZVJnTin
…185Please respect copyright.PENANAYgPuQWGAC6
..185Please respect copyright.PENANAhoq3Pa6aZV
.185Please respect copyright.PENANAhDTpOxzO8U
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???185Please respect copyright.PENANA6yF8IDkWdu
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦185Please respect copyright.PENANAh1F095AcRQ
佢地其實係病死嘅185Please respect copyright.PENANAmrQIACOQWH
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"185Please respect copyright.PENANAaTxikJfLYf
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇185Please respect copyright.PENANAGRP9HrINOZ
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播185Please respect copyright.PENANAFNenNCiHLu
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時185Please respect copyright.PENANAHRo4GIGU9J
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味185Please respect copyright.PENANAVibp2NreHA
係會令人發燒同病死185Please respect copyright.PENANATqOa2tV1cM
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾185Please respect copyright.PENANAFlqMM4Yguq
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後185Please respect copyright.PENANA0fVFu2n3Ly
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘185Please respect copyright.PENANArK6axB3LMN
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體185Please respect copyright.PENANAwLYlJNLeOZ
帶返去羅馬本土喇185Please respect copyright.PENANA6McbJMK3ud
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶185Please respect copyright.PENANAzaKGLpuvM5
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖185Please respect copyright.PENANAd9NqqOPfBs
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地185Please respect copyright.PENANAm5cazrdiz7
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣185Please respect copyright.PENANAu199pdp1GI
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時185Please respect copyright.PENANATOBoQTbTO2
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命185Please respect copyright.PENANAerZ7hHVOqD
額我略十五世唔遲唔早185Please respect copyright.PENANADWjjEpDy0P
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋185Please respect copyright.PENANAmuq2gqiimM
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇185Please respect copyright.PENANAC5VJQzJNSC
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世185Please respect copyright.PENANAp68v0ZWfBD
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召185Please respect copyright.PENANAdtXZWI9CHj
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦185Please respect copyright.PENANABcunKZpK5q
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病185Please respect copyright.PENANA6sN8d9OylE
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史185Please respect copyright.PENANArUZMnP8ZcJ
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦185Please respect copyright.PENANA8fjCzqB8Ja
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾185Please respect copyright.PENANAFtuwuttMPA
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法185Please respect copyright.PENANA9JktfkcfSi
真係唔醫好過醫185Please respect copyright.PENANAg5vpKYCqdc
不過喺呢個大航海時代185Please respect copyright.PENANARhFkhWgCD7
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢185Please respect copyright.PENANA20PUJ4B0Zm
16世紀起185Please respect copyright.PENANAegtpWtwbt7
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊185Please respect copyright.PENANAVJpT84g0N3
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲185Please respect copyright.PENANArCUpBKN6m5
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛185Please respect copyright.PENANAJPZAmYFwwx
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人185Please respect copyright.PENANAgn7yyZqRko
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣185Please respect copyright.PENANA5Gfn3tg9qZ
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目185Please respect copyright.PENANAWIewNk4wjG
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材185Please respect copyright.PENANAqgREcHeNeg
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英185Please respect copyright.PENANAVueiySn8wa
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落185Please respect copyright.PENANA3TawByR0P3
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦185Please respect copyright.PENANArMM7SL4fht
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情185Please respect copyright.PENANAWVBjucEEUJ
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....185Please respect copyright.PENANAtEBScwB0N9
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸185Please respect copyright.PENANAyufcHViYpr
喺呢個地理大發現時代185Please respect copyright.PENANAWg0hznUUqI
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置185Please respect copyright.PENANANR8ime23f1
呢個故事嘅主要成份185Please respect copyright.PENANArRWkQDrSyr
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初185Please respect copyright.PENANAGBZ3mH1YmI
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬185Please respect copyright.PENANANyffBeeqdG
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後185Please respect copyright.PENANA7eL7ao10Z4
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不過如果冇事冇幹純粹食嚟預防中招嘅話呢?185Please respect copyright.PENANALMziH3eLz7
就唔同咁講喇185Please respect copyright.PENANA54uYA1Csk1
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵185Please respect copyright.PENANAzGCdFyrQiF
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉185Please respect copyright.PENANAfiqWlrRe2Q
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病185Please respect copyright.PENANAnqONfY3lb2
服從性有幾高可想而知185Please respect copyright.PENANAG7h2rwphLy
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫185Please respect copyright.PENANArQDHnLfL87
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話185Please respect copyright.PENANA4sZHO4U1u5
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講185Please respect copyright.PENANAvMAehT8BCw
無疑係甘上加甘185Please respect copyright.PENANANfh5UwUYRl
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢185Please respect copyright.PENANAnaV2jhYSHH
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000185Please respect copyright.PENANAD2wPRFbDT3
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度185Please respect copyright.PENANAkTErMz6POk
錢就使咗效果又冇185Please respect copyright.PENANAbrVsH02YJ7
咁點搞?185Please respect copyright.PENANAJZmSlGUcOD
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”185Please respect copyright.PENANAMoTDnFSter
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案185Please respect copyright.PENANAhldrpAN3vf
作為糖嘅發源地185Please respect copyright.PENANA386YbsJftt
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像185Please respect copyright.PENANAu6Zcirx3Qj
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右185Please respect copyright.PENANA1CCKlsU1ee
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官185Please respect copyright.PENANACrg33nWVVI
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:185Please respect copyright.PENANABXTfmtXOp4
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧185Please respect copyright.PENANAi7oq63pXI8
溶入高濃度糖水185Please respect copyright.PENANAHxV4MzHqlC
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮185Please respect copyright.PENANATZa3WDdI8g
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿185Please respect copyright.PENANA7mEaFIJSjH
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度185Please respect copyright.PENANANuwwssVAj3
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇185Please respect copyright.PENANAUYURfMlujD
啲軍官再進一步185Please respect copyright.PENANAzn4bspK7vv
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒185Please respect copyright.PENANAMcLnhswkaQ
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
185Please respect copyright.PENANAo76uBghJSO
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆185Please respect copyright.PENANACDQaf3Egod
法國人曾經試過用紅酒185Please respect copyright.PENANA2XAP2cCu21
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪185Please respect copyright.PENANA7DPjyXX0Vz
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水185Please respect copyright.PENANAVjgHIvlrRv
味道完全唔融和185Please respect copyright.PENANA9McDM6bxEs
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味185Please respect copyright.PENANAEgT7PoaDnr
後來研究發現185Please respect copyright.PENANAbaJDMr85IX
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份185Please respect copyright.PENANABEMt1u3hLi
同奎寧結合成聚合體185Please respect copyright.PENANAG8kelibkJj
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道185Please respect copyright.PENANAGYYtdOXW07
呢個偶然嘅發現185Please respect copyright.PENANARh8P9AdkJ3
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎185Please respect copyright.PENANAFm15UShCvn
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵185Please respect copyright.PENANAZJBjfnWA7h
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧185Please respect copyright.PENANAdbH0T3thYG
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥185Please respect copyright.PENANAjEJlkeAJgJ
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品185Please respect copyright.PENANA4avktCiPYB
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度185Please respect copyright.PENANAHtfQgTKzcw
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品185Please respect copyright.PENANAcJpHoz9cF2
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)185Please respect copyright.PENANAvdUvYEy5Gi
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水185Please respect copyright.PENANAgmc4F9k6qq
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水185Please respect copyright.PENANAqT248BnsWZ
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命185Please respect copyright.PENANA6uv4MEApvN
例如喺1875年185Please respect copyright.PENANAXxc2apNdYk
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率185Please respect copyright.PENANA9r1SqEIJOl
已經跌到去1.5%185Please respect copyright.PENANApRpYO5YRFd
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面185Please respect copyright.PENANAkcAe8V5W25
下集會講吓185Please respect copyright.PENANA1G5QQpapq2
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥185Please respect copyright.PENANAdZH44A8FpK
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運185Please respect copyright.PENANAtqeZ11sKjy185Please respect copyright.PENANAyObdArEZ8Y