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呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網149Please respect copyright.PENANAGaojmF0J6G
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞149Please respect copyright.PENANA1LVwIxgt5S
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自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料149Please respect copyright.PENANAKu3L7wRNtT
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀149Please respect copyright.PENANAysFbXrZjD0
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦149Please respect copyright.PENANA97klr4izDA
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下149Please respect copyright.PENANAX8wi33SsBr
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇149Please respect copyright.PENANAFL0yAZEHBv
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時149Please respect copyright.PENANAYKuo0JGbvq
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地149Please respect copyright.PENANAsHCljBV1mJ
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力149Please respect copyright.PENANAmE1Es8JwFv
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累149Please respect copyright.PENANA5wpLV4jG3Z
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖149Please respect copyright.PENANA0thTVfk6IO
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗149Please respect copyright.PENANA09NNSZXTgb
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多149Please respect copyright.PENANAWXNdXMHEzE
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易149Please respect copyright.PENANAW3Xm9Bhk8X
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水149Please respect copyright.PENANADADvFPmUep
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同環繞赤道一周差唔多149Please respect copyright.PENANAzwS6KYsAQi
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲149Please respect copyright.PENANAE4KVN69v06
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船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道149Please respect copyright.PENANAUKFqchPI6r
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢149Please respect copyright.PENANAbtLHVwxE0x
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成隊船要喺東非呆等半年149Please respect copyright.PENANA5AmQmySLBy
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得149Please respect copyright.PENANAWGHtHuaG5C
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天149Please respect copyright.PENANAi9YKEXh90x
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非149Please respect copyright.PENANA3aUMAB2TGw
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年149Please respect copyright.PENANASAitVh0gAD
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成程船又要驚風暴擱淺149Please respect copyright.PENANALGcWfoLYHn
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等149Please respect copyright.PENANAcM76v4oOEr
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另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支149Please respect copyright.PENANAdCbrvEyHn8
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊149Please respect copyright.PENANAbcrfTroiyI
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢149Please respect copyright.PENANA4e0swlDBz9
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講149Please respect copyright.PENANAJliHKAGesz
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉149Please respect copyright.PENANAtIDd49wdCo
就算食到都消化不良啦149Please respect copyright.PENANAmht42JnkE3
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站149Please respect copyright.PENANA5H4Nqcbjki
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向149Please respect copyright.PENANAAuCaflRk4R
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞149Please respect copyright.PENANAiSOp36wwoW
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多149Please respect copyright.PENANAL6cQJ9YP5q
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:149Please respect copyright.PENANARD3NL7PFFR
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢149Please respect copyright.PENANAeU4ooHpOqP
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫149Please respect copyright.PENANAfZSXv7z7mS
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話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎149Please respect copyright.PENANAzpMHkOhyXt
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力149Please respect copyright.PENANAYL4GHHvf9N
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁149Please respect copyright.PENANAuKcui4wVw2
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩149Please respect copyright.PENANAwAbmvMdmbw
美洲有耕地149Please respect copyright.PENANAJkttosZb1M
非洲有人力149Please respect copyright.PENANA0ce0mgjCun
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心149Please respect copyright.PENANAg5JJ9ovdRu
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦149Please respect copyright.PENANA0fM6CqYetZ
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢149Please respect copyright.PENANAFphVQvyrNK
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼149Please respect copyright.PENANAB51cgxau0z
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢149Please respect copyright.PENANAxF2cvzA8os
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國149Please respect copyright.PENANAFvzGnCpb3U
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦149Please respect copyright.PENANARnUcvlX7Ak
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行149Please respect copyright.PENANARIezeWin6T
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣149Please respect copyright.PENANA3xhsOZp9mS
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴149Please respect copyright.PENANAUxqeokYsaY
由此激發各國投入人力物力149Please respect copyright.PENANAkbwzWHF2Tm
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器149Please respect copyright.PENANAXa9Kl0HsGx
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船149Please respect copyright.PENANAhE2JgXVmvj
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展149Please respect copyright.PENANAU6Mkgnlb0s
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等149Please respect copyright.PENANA1V5Yz41HrZ
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話149Please respect copyright.PENANAQ6DdVzQcpc
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易149Please respect copyright.PENANAF6YLf6jUAz
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲149Please respect copyright.PENANAyzox9uwiAX為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度149Please respect copyright.PENANADcY17rklG3
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:149Please respect copyright.PENANA83OMM5HYM5
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?149Please respect copyright.PENANA0fsiCbUGcH
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒149Please respect copyright.PENANAktChvAnyBo
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀149Please respect copyright.PENANAZBxaJhvCtT
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢149Please respect copyright.PENANAyhtyctTpaZ
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成149Please respect copyright.PENANAg5UKuZkAgo
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉149Please respect copyright.PENANAuxImHxIHI5
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現149Please respect copyright.PENANAuTHpDzZaOl
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲149Please respect copyright.PENANANXcxdEZuH0
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉149Please respect copyright.PENANAdKLcWaxdfe
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團149Please respect copyright.PENANAv2aVRLVpqM
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議149Please respect copyright.PENANAS8zIivozjR
準備選出新教宗喇149Please respect copyright.PENANAWzG3s28r1k
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖149Please respect copyright.PENANAOx0ET4uhBN
自16世紀起149Please respect copyright.PENANAcMdbNnr4PQ
呢個小圈子選舉149Please respect copyright.PENANAdCAwjr0kKE
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控149Please respect copyright.PENANAbiP4IaCKGI
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益149Please respect copyright.PENANAMXPqsoc30U
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營149Please respect copyright.PENANA8yDLPGfEFi
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤149Please respect copyright.PENANA7r87hanx3D
有時仲會大打出手149Please respect copyright.PENANAz4MEKEfbhu
好似1605年3月嗰次149Please respect copyright.PENANAx0jxYY5FDb
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨149Please respect copyright.PENANAR7sgiw5TMZ
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈149Please respect copyright.PENANAd3dEugCV5K
不過呢個唔係今集重點149Please respect copyright.PENANAYSlXqV6rYk
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇149Please respect copyright.PENANAYm9IbHMvsw
我直接講個結果:149Please respect copyright.PENANAPC4ZPm4L9f
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗149Please respect copyright.PENANA2WCjIZtVbM
法號伍朋八世149Please respect copyright.PENANAiD4dPXQMho
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員149Please respect copyright.PENANAaQzxQ7bYua
…149Please respect copyright.PENANAqpx6cGcZNb
..149Please respect copyright.PENANA3lgct6EbtZ
.149Please respect copyright.PENANA4SV2VliWo6
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???149Please respect copyright.PENANAGnn31m7PDK
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦149Please respect copyright.PENANAKurpn7OdsR
佢地其實係病死嘅149Please respect copyright.PENANAd8wDA36Z1T
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"149Please respect copyright.PENANAJ0L9ldLISL
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇149Please respect copyright.PENANAbDQJIA3er0
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播149Please respect copyright.PENANAfzqSXXZUfd
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時149Please respect copyright.PENANAyHYzPJ8W3j
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味149Please respect copyright.PENANAgv3fHb93Rf
係會令人發燒同病死149Please respect copyright.PENANAwTONOXlFrN
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾149Please respect copyright.PENANAmYgSJkLnD2
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後149Please respect copyright.PENANADmvgRRmPH7
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘149Please respect copyright.PENANAKuKsxNcnxB
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體149Please respect copyright.PENANAITCTPFyDn1
帶返去羅馬本土喇149Please respect copyright.PENANAbJbcxLmeV5
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶149Please respect copyright.PENANAAIJQfRjpB6
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖149Please respect copyright.PENANAEbgqFhmlDB
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地149Please respect copyright.PENANADhY5i0oPCM
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣149Please respect copyright.PENANA2xDI9EtKmr
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時149Please respect copyright.PENANAvmelhYJWlM
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命149Please respect copyright.PENANAwomasGaOAw
額我略十五世唔遲唔早149Please respect copyright.PENANAdt0azRgnSd
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋149Please respect copyright.PENANA7SUkDX4ekf
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇149Please respect copyright.PENANABTOTVAYh3Y
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世149Please respect copyright.PENANAME57ld4Uhc
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召149Please respect copyright.PENANARpsHOpZhQC
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦149Please respect copyright.PENANASxSrmiasUq
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病149Please respect copyright.PENANAT3FWQVFBGO
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史149Please respect copyright.PENANA47wPlm5TsP
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦149Please respect copyright.PENANA0UtNPdLxHP
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾149Please respect copyright.PENANAYC1jLF2N2G
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法149Please respect copyright.PENANAVTgBrKBj3U
真係唔醫好過醫149Please respect copyright.PENANAaz3TJDVB89
不過喺呢個大航海時代149Please respect copyright.PENANAeiJ3fh2CVG
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢149Please respect copyright.PENANAahUdYYfDyw
16世紀起149Please respect copyright.PENANAES5YVJMta9
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊149Please respect copyright.PENANAOZ4yZPACb3
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲149Please respect copyright.PENANAYwQy00qqY0
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛149Please respect copyright.PENANA7QGd9ayirL
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人149Please respect copyright.PENANAM3ZAh5Xn7F
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣149Please respect copyright.PENANAKpi2KLDxuI
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目149Please respect copyright.PENANA2q0FS4DMYP
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材149Please respect copyright.PENANADBvFXgxRiy
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英149Please respect copyright.PENANAsVjXV0WOE3
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落149Please respect copyright.PENANAddbsZl8hDi
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦149Please respect copyright.PENANAQRulTSbLJP
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情149Please respect copyright.PENANAzIUP8uj6E9
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....149Please respect copyright.PENANAgJ7bIb80lJ
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸149Please respect copyright.PENANAUZRIjA05LH
喺呢個地理大發現時代149Please respect copyright.PENANAfhEuodzIsj
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置149Please respect copyright.PENANA7ESaztfpzE
呢個故事嘅主要成份149Please respect copyright.PENANA5ojMHUqBUV
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初149Please respect copyright.PENANAPwk9ZDft76
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬149Please respect copyright.PENANAGGZfbprhlH
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後149Please respect copyright.PENANAie51sEyf3P
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土149Please respect copyright.PENANANqoS1yyBWj
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵149Please respect copyright.PENANAtAC1Y5kngv
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉149Please respect copyright.PENANASYuUUs8HG5
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病149Please respect copyright.PENANARCcaY8zQcM
服從性有幾高可想而知149Please respect copyright.PENANAr7jZPQx815
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫149Please respect copyright.PENANA410tLPyFYI
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話149Please respect copyright.PENANAWLL9IiLDJl
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講149Please respect copyright.PENANAPnY9cZ1T9P
無疑係甘上加甘149Please respect copyright.PENANAdgwKljnmXU
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢149Please respect copyright.PENANAjuAp5fY5M1
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000149Please respect copyright.PENANAZuBZ7Rb6Mx
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度149Please respect copyright.PENANAbIoXyW8HfJ
錢就使咗效果又冇149Please respect copyright.PENANACTlEmERsIS
咁點搞?149Please respect copyright.PENANAci0p7sNDye
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”149Please respect copyright.PENANAuCje3PuKY4
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案149Please respect copyright.PENANAt1sLXov7Ae
作為糖嘅發源地149Please respect copyright.PENANAUbTGQPRk7t
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像149Please respect copyright.PENANABYV6qybAPh
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右149Please respect copyright.PENANAr7YIazcRi4
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官149Please respect copyright.PENANA31BVjHhjqs
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:149Please respect copyright.PENANAiTpy1z4MJK
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧149Please respect copyright.PENANA0Wl4SAq0c8
溶入高濃度糖水149Please respect copyright.PENANAnzKTmkgYyM
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮149Please respect copyright.PENANANIv5h9TalC
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿149Please respect copyright.PENANAqDeX299BeS
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度149Please respect copyright.PENANAfTk7TuQb1a
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇149Please respect copyright.PENANAjjZ9rRVPCx
啲軍官再進一步149Please respect copyright.PENANASzvynzOz18
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒149Please respect copyright.PENANAyr6MSG19FY
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
149Please respect copyright.PENANAtaZ3ezNGE2
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆149Please respect copyright.PENANAtaNFXgyQYV
法國人曾經試過用紅酒149Please respect copyright.PENANAQCLLebQoox
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪149Please respect copyright.PENANAPY1vIjtPby
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水149Please respect copyright.PENANACMabpWW5oD
味道完全唔融和149Please respect copyright.PENANAQpUsua9giF
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味149Please respect copyright.PENANA2UBFrPAoNa
後來研究發現149Please respect copyright.PENANA64kRbXQgGE
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份149Please respect copyright.PENANAaUsGMiycax
同奎寧結合成聚合體149Please respect copyright.PENANAy7tzKRzjTR
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道149Please respect copyright.PENANAL0CDnxb3qe
呢個偶然嘅發現149Please respect copyright.PENANAh5urdyo7m1
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎149Please respect copyright.PENANAINrUk4ZZwd
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵149Please respect copyright.PENANAvchN6Ls76o
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧149Please respect copyright.PENANAIHLagO8D4M
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥149Please respect copyright.PENANAHCOYOMWA9d
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品149Please respect copyright.PENANAhUeDsgL1xO
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度149Please respect copyright.PENANAxEz4QCq0u6
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品149Please respect copyright.PENANAd87Q29gKTZ
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)149Please respect copyright.PENANA6pIEBE0j9M
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水149Please respect copyright.PENANA463ajBfyIj
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水149Please respect copyright.PENANA9E8Mg9Z8fP
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命149Please respect copyright.PENANA94FFil5E7H
例如喺1875年149Please respect copyright.PENANAEFZzpWTr3A
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率149Please respect copyright.PENANAufD3GzZyr6
已經跌到去1.5%149Please respect copyright.PENANAUFGHdNNlAa
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面149Please respect copyright.PENANAB3ccTCgD5X
下集會講吓149Please respect copyright.PENANATkVgt2JKYP
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥149Please respect copyright.PENANAiRVCI8lXrW
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運149Please respect copyright.PENANAeaxxF12rWY149Please respect copyright.PENANA9eijJzRsSX