
今集講講呢隻來自南美、名叫奎寧嘅蝴蝶94Please respect copyright.PENANAgC5nCeCFcs
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴94Please respect copyright.PENANASOFkwyxgbL
當初歐洲佬唔係笨撚柒94Please respect copyright.PENANA9TtetJRu49
佢地當然知道直接殖民非洲94Please respect copyright.PENANAikkMt8T5Pj
係可以減省好多運輸奴隸嘅開支啦94Please respect copyright.PENANA2RbOF6jkZ1
事實上佢地一早就佔領晒非洲外圍嘅群島94Please respect copyright.PENANAlyhFrznPH1
並喺嗰度利用黑奴建立起一個個嘅種植園94Please respect copyright.PENANAxa8620cq2B
規模仲相當之大94Please respect copyright.PENANA50XMBnb4NX
好似葡萄牙喺畿內亞灣嘅聖多美普林西比94Please respect copyright.PENANAExjpFqZnZj
喺16世紀就曾經係世上最大嘅產糖地94Please respect copyright.PENANAn9M8pPZhad
(以重量計喺嗰時蔗糖同黃金係等值)94Please respect copyright.PENANA723UWiZrYm
聖多美普林西比(São Tomé and Príncipe)
不過同呢啲渺無人煙嘅外島相比94Please respect copyright.PENANAOuqSVsgXlY
非洲內陸就完全係另一回事喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAQOHU4pjyqs
對白人嚟講94Please respect copyright.PENANA3Nf455CUGv
撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅叢林地帶94Please respect copyright.PENANAfdbOOx195s
自古以來就係九死一生嘅毒龍潭94Please respect copyright.PENANA9O2abyyrM6呢片被稱為“黑非洲”嘅雨林94Please respect copyright.PENANAZFGpQ3ozqg
古時就已經被認為係不可逾越嘅蠻荒之地94Please respect copyright.PENANAPHIxyQnWW5
古希臘歷史學家希羅多德就曾經記載94Please respect copyright.PENANAf3bUAwUUpo
喺公元前530年94Please respect copyright.PENANAIHYyvaRzVK
當時地上最強、啱啱征服咗埃及嘅波斯王岡比西斯二世94Please respect copyright.PENANA6zDc3WAWwU
佢派去探索呢個世界盡頭嘅遠征軍94Please respect copyright.PENANAHsGubm9gf6
仗都未打就喺征途死咗一半人被迫折返94Please respect copyright.PENANAKUYvdydu7m
另外古羅馬曾經4次派遠征軍橫越撒哈拉94Please respect copyright.PENANAL4pwRBfZne
最後都係冇辦法穿越呢片浩瀚無垠嘅密林94Please respect copyright.PENANABgQCWlpBAK
派入去偵察嘅斥候全部都有去冇回94Please respect copyright.PENANAeO8nNXWYCp
原因就係以瘧疾為首嘅各種熱帶疾病94Please respect copyright.PENANAxrpXKhokAc
希羅多德喺佢本《歷史》所描述嘅世界94Please respect copyright.PENANAdRFdwu58vy
要留意撒哈拉沙漠以南嗰個(Æthiopes)唔係而家嗰個埃塞俄比亞94Please respect copyright.PENANA2oa40fJGy2
呢個字古希臘文解“燒燶咗塊面”94Please respect copyright.PENANAPswqhWLPO3
係指撒哈拉沙漠以南嘅非洲94Please respect copyright.PENANAiaOll4DQWv
古希臘啲仆街仔諗嘢都真係幾撚地獄94Please respect copyright.PENANA6YRoDs08Mq羅馬嗰4次遠征路線圖94Please respect copyright.PENANApDERlKTZMV
雖然最後都係探索唔到非洲內陸嘅情況94Please respect copyright.PENANAdDoNvnEs7L
不過呢幾次都為日後橫撒哈拉貿易奠定基礎94Please respect copyright.PENANAnf6rT9uG9D
成就出之後風光一時嘅土著貿易王國94Please respect copyright.PENANAQO5ASpsGZs一度興盛嘅橫撒哈拉貿易王國94Please respect copyright.PENANAkTfftMBwf5
其中以Mansa Musa呢位一路去麥加朝聖94Please respect copyright.PENANA8jh9EP2kNs
一路派金粒94Please respect copyright.PENANAlGaPzVRVH4
派到引發沿途地區嚴重通貨膨脹嘅馬里國王最為著名94Please respect copyright.PENANAPQYuFUggo3
不過呢啲財雄勢大嘅駱駝商旅94Please respect copyright.PENANAOJSgb6FIA7
最後都係畀大航海時代帶嚟嘅海洋貿易所取代
呢啲病對歐洲人嚟講係魔咒94Please respect copyright.PENANASb1rFRnv9m
但係對世居於呢片密林嘅黑鬼嚟講呢94Please respect copyright.PENANAKrorMgajqD
就係護身符喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAQLBMEkPHLl
(有興趣嘅小朋友可以搵吓地中海貧血症、蠶豆症同瘧疾嘅關係)94Please respect copyright.PENANAYfdUkehYiN
正因為咁94Please respect copyright.PENANAVyjYRLIWio
歐洲人對非洲內陸94Please respect copyright.PENANAuEGSrWDxdL
尤其係中非剛果盆地94Please respect copyright.PENANALrU2qgeGUF
係一無所知94Please respect copyright.PENANAbTj3NhnCIX
一路以嚟所有嘗試深入剛果河流域嘅探險94Please respect copyright.PENANAvrfd2W3Oid
都係以災難收場94Please respect copyright.PENANADD0ZibfY7H
好似喺1542年94Please respect copyright.PENANA7xQ2Iho2Sf
第一個發現剛果河口嘅歐洲人94Please respect copyright.PENANAGQbk678Ic6
葡萄牙航海家Diogo Cão94Please respect copyright.PENANAvJKLQ2sUjP
就係喺試圖探索內陸時病死喺河邊94Please respect copyright.PENANALpdeHXveSP
對嗰時嘅歐洲人嚟講94Please respect copyright.PENANANlM7Xz6P9W
佔領非洲本土代價實在太大94Please respect copyright.PENANA8Zagw8Hhxk
與其嘥人力物力喺非洲內陸建立殖民地94Please respect copyright.PENANALuar5BUt0n
不如同啲土著王國做貿易好過94Please respect copyright.PENANAvej2mPLQBy
以葡萄牙為例94Please respect copyright.PENANAnPkUHha0fO
喺見識過剛果雨林嘅殘酷同當地巴剛果王國嘅強大後94Please respect copyright.PENANA3jg59d1Pvz
葡萄牙就決定喺剛果河口南岸較為乾燥嘅草原94Please respect copyright.PENANACACPXytyVx
建立貿易站94Please respect copyright.PENANApNptWYCUhY
以教育、宗教同鎗炮94Please respect copyright.PENANASFywvyUrpi
嚟同呢個土著王國換取戰俘作奴隸喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAeNltiIMUsR
剛果河南岸嘅葡屬安哥拉
剛果國王阿方索一世喺1517年6月8號寫畀葡萄牙國王曼紐一世嘅信94Please respect copyright.PENANAI9E5K89hYG
向佢呢位主內弟兄請求提供教會禮儀器具94Please respect copyright.PENANAm3wOl2TP0b
(以面積計剛果王國係當時世上最大嘅大公教國家)
去到近代94Please respect copyright.PENANAs2IsapUfqa
就算係船堅炮利嘅英國佬94Please respect copyright.PENANAFRigD2Rqrk
情況都唔好得幾多94Please respect copyright.PENANAtSviambNEY
好似喺1816年有個叫James Tuckey嘅英國海軍上校94Please respect copyright.PENANAnMAJBfsxFQ
組織咗隊探險隊尋找剛果河源頭94Please respect copyright.PENANAByQei17D6h
結果由河口上溯唔夠100公里94Please respect copyright.PENANAUJeXrcZ46h
54個隊員入面就病死咗21個94Please respect copyright.PENANAwwMAnFtVlr
包括佢自己94Please respect copyright.PENANAvgPjTHs3ag
所以直至19世紀中葉94Please respect copyright.PENANAD4FxsxqPBB
中南非洲仍然係呢個地理大發現時代入面最大嘅迷團94Please respect copyright.PENANA8FMb3swTXU
Tuckey上校用生命所畫嘅剛果河口地型圖
1850年非洲地圖94Please respect copyright.PENANAaHu56p9EQQ
留意番中間橙黃色個“ETHIOPIA”唔係而家嗰個94Please respect copyright.PENANAHxLthJah31
呢度借用嚟標示非洲中部呢大片未探索之地94Please respect copyright.PENANACYwsUCdWxJ
(嗰時埃塞俄比亞個英文名係Abyssinia, 由阿拉伯文翻譯過嚟)94Please respect copyright.PENANAyop6aPa2eR
不過奎寧普及後情況就唔同晒喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAqXdYx2Twb9
歐洲人喺非洲嘅生存率得以大大提升94Please respect copyright.PENANAmTIH70liea
隨住人命成本降低94Please respect copyright.PENANAfTYMHfhUIo
探索非洲雨林嘅門檻94Please respect copyright.PENANA90Npj7u91W
已經下降到可以接受嘅水平94Please respect copyright.PENANANxTOsl1Y66
喺1850年代開始94Please respect copyright.PENANA9AwFm02ORa
歐美各國政府、地理學會以至私人企業94Please respect copyright.PENANAEpGwT1FgLl
紛紛組織探險隊94Please respect copyright.PENANAFuGfo8BYKk
務求搶先其他人一步94Please respect copyright.PENANAi8W9YBw6ZB
尋找失落喺中非密林嘅嗰幾塊拼圖94Please respect copyright.PENANA7WygW6II6f
其中最積極嘅94Please respect copyright.PENANAiwrJ4nqAbz
就係正處於維多利亞時期嘅英國喇94Please respect copyright.PENANA5i1xVGGbEq當時所缺嗰幾塊拼圖94Please respect copyright.PENANA3MJTXiNisR
分別係:94Please respect copyright.PENANARjuseWkv9T
1.尼羅河源頭94Please respect copyright.PENANAAaSEdGjyGL
2.傳說中浩瀚如海嘅中非淡水湖94Please respect copyright.PENANAQfQRgN9k4R
3.剛果盆地94Please respect copyright.PENANA90yQt9Xf33
跟住落嚟嗰卅幾年94Please respect copyright.PENANA30Sb3Tw7D1
喺一個阿拉伯奴隸主嘅協助下94Please respect copyright.PENANAcKGr0aw9AB
憑住五個英國佬、一個斯拉夫白女奴以及無數黑奴轎夫嘅努力同犧牲94Please respect copyright.PENANA5WnKrSMzeV
掩蓋中非嘅嗰片戰爭迷霧逐漸消退94Please respect copyright.PENANAKBjZYcW6Fe
《大航海時代》最終DLC《瓜分非洲》終於上線喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAk4IutgJZ7H
1880年代非洲地圖94Please respect copyright.PENANAeaNHBhTZK7
對比番1850年嗰幅地圖94Please respect copyright.PENANADIsCdgdECV
尼羅河同剛果河流域基本上已經被探索94Please respect copyright.PENANAXL6WJZaiCA
再唔係被標示為“ETHIOPIA”喇
呢卅幾年嘅中非探險歷史94Please respect copyright.PENANArc9pv9hHps
所牽涉嘅人同佢地之間嘅恩怨情仇94Please respect copyright.PENANANu0bXuiM7K
的確相當引人入勝──94Please respect copyright.PENANAtwZOqy86os
一個借探險之名研究各地性愛風俗嘅性書大亨94Please respect copyright.PENANADgxp235rQu
一個因個人臆測而引發後世幾場大屠殺嘅軍佬94Please respect copyright.PENANAqxmWb9tFpO
一個濟世為懷但又志大才疏嘅醫生/傳教士94Please respect copyright.PENANAEYM5vs1yGr
一個為名利而不擇手段、甘願為惡龍做事嘅記者94Please respect copyright.PENANAruc64P5sEn
一個喺巴爾幹同鄂圖曼總督爭女嘅二世祖94Please respect copyright.PENANApSu6vNqb8J
同一個持家賢慧但又驍勇凶悍嘅白女奴94Please respect copyright.PENANAPZjmbjzjPd
仲有一個喺暗中操縱一切、憑藉探險熱潮乘勢而起但又被一切反噬嘅阿拉伯奴隸主94Please respect copyright.PENANAcqaF69KyDB
──用呢啲性格鮮明、經歷獨特嘅歷史人物寫嘅故事94Please respect copyright.PENANAqkp5SvcHsn
我諗都會相當有趣94Please respect copyright.PENANATENlXw99F3
不過礙於篇幅所限94Please respect copyright.PENANA9zWWP6JKzY
我就唔喺度一一展開喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAETmbj5yrgf
(除咗講盧旺達大屠殺嗰陣會提一提嗰個性書大亨同個軍佬)94Please respect copyright.PENANALX66DhAgmM
可能或者有機會第日得閒開多篇嚟講吓啦吓
喺講啲列強點樣喺非洲玩到high翻天之前94Please respect copyright.PENANAg7krMM7XO9
首先要講講佢地瓜分非洲嘅誘因94Please respect copyright.PENANAbmhg4O9Eka
一切要由一場股災講起94Please respect copyright.PENANAq7ANUSwgXk
而家就睇吓呢日發生咗啲咩事94Please respect copyright.PENANAtJCUAV4N3z
搞到丁生咁好興致一家人齊齊整整上天台睇日落94Please respect copyright.PENANAkYSatPLoBU
1873年5月9號星期五朝早94Please respect copyright.PENANACEYu8tBEG1
維也納有個叫Adolf Petschek嘅猶太佬94Please respect copyright.PENANAmzlGHnlL7d
向法院申請將佢間公司破產94Please respect copyright.PENANA0JqrIERmDB
呢條友並唔係普通嘅阿茂阿壽94Please respect copyright.PENANABxYWUaXmJ9
佢檔嘢係當時奧匈帝國以至整個中歐最大嘅證券商94Please respect copyright.PENANAHgzv4ikw4Z
一間咁有影響力嘅企業破產94Please respect copyright.PENANAf0TJLmYTo6
必然會引起市場動盪94Please respect copyright.PENANAHyWFZA8p5c
於是維也納交易所決定暫時休市94Please respect copyright.PENANAYnxfwSHich
咁就仆街喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAv6zHRqWtSh
喺嗰個資訊唔流通嘅年代94Please respect copyright.PENANA7NQUqQnyAy
停市嘅原因係冇辦法即時通知市場上所有參與者94Please respect copyright.PENANAI9BByldp26
一時間謠言滿天飛94Please respect copyright.PENANAPtwpkRADFe
人喺恐慌下94Please respect copyright.PENANAZnnMDHkh47
最正路嘅做法94Please respect copyright.PENANANCPEch9s3a
就係一有機會就攞cash旁身94Please respect copyright.PENANAcpIMMjVDwq
所以當中午一復市時94Please respect copyright.PENANAigqxvkU1Ax
所有人都湧去交易所94Please respect copyright.PENANA6umXdHSlBh
務求以最快速度賣晒啲股票套現94Please respect copyright.PENANAdAIE2PLEER
同時冇買股票又聽到消息嘅人94Please respect copyright.PENANArZRN7vKr2v
都湧去銀行提走所有現金做成擠提94Please respect copyright.PENANAIgcRbxUa2s
一時間市場所有流動性枯竭94Please respect copyright.PENANAMBh14mP2tL
結果就連本身同Adolf間公司冇乜啦㨢嘅銀行同企業94Please respect copyright.PENANApRPOaExslK
都因為資不抵債而債務違約94Please respect copyright.PENANAHFER376Wci
維也納交易所喺前一日都仲有141間銀行掛牌94Please respect copyright.PENANAG7KoQ7c6i2
到咗呢日下晝1點提早收市時94Please respect copyright.PENANAwaVUh7cGBX
就只剩低廿間左右94Please respect copyright.PENANALivTlXg9t4
整體市值直接斬半94Please respect copyright.PENANALOHHUGA7Pj
維也納股票市場喺呢日全面崩潰94Please respect copyright.PENANA9R46bobr0M
而向隅者只好喺已經閂咗門嘅交易所前同警察跳番part舞啦94Please respect copyright.PENANAUP6LEdzoef
可能你會諗“崩潰我有經驗~輸清光我未發癲”94Please respect copyright.PENANAlbo0Kvfg0W
股災又有咩好怕喎希望在明天吖嘛94Please respect copyright.PENANAzbEktp3PCn
係嘅94Please respect copyright.PENANA5sFCqNJun5
呢啲金融風暴、金融海嘯真係同上帝一樣自有永有94Please respect copyright.PENANAnMgq78Swif
咩鬱金香狂熱呀南海公司泡沫呀密西西比事件呀咁94Please respect copyright.PENANAuN3MaNxuAR
啲泡沫吹爆完一個後94Please respect copyright.PENANAR6R2iWFOS5
隔一輪又吹脹另一個94Please respect copyright.PENANAj0AybaGz2P
就算喺嗰個年代都已經唔係啲咩稀奇嘅事94Please respect copyright.PENANAHfb1yvlG7l
不過今次有啲唔同94Please respect copyright.PENANAqD9UFe7Aby
隨住電報嘅普及94Please respect copyright.PENANA6Wo2bbnbzV
唔同國家資本市場嘅距離變得越嚟越近94Please respect copyright.PENANALtHRcGT2AM
而家就睇吓全球化94Please respect copyright.PENANAwWDZYxDXbT
係點樣令呢次喺中歐嘅股災94Please respect copyright.PENANAniHNchAGtc
演變成整個歐美世界嘅經濟災難94Please respect copyright.PENANAVGRoFk9Dsz首先講吓個時代背景先94Please respect copyright.PENANAPiMz5KKhJ8
嗰時正值普法戰爭後德意志帝國建國初期94Please respect copyright.PENANA3vW2jdlgEA
法國因為法蘭克福條約而要賠款50億法朗畀德國94Please respect copyright.PENANAv8WpJzi0yv
德國政府就用呢啲錢嚟贖回之前發行嘅戰爭債券94Please respect copyright.PENANAdbPMEGhEOp
咁導致大量熱錢流入德國金融體系94Please respect copyright.PENANA8aVFu4Tb8P
本身債券持有者急需為呢啲資金搵出路94Please respect copyright.PENANAyVCnThUBKP
德國隔離嘅奧匈帝國睇中呢點94Please respect copyright.PENANAAEq2Zk5wgo
就大幅放寬金融市場嘅監管94Please respect copyright.PENANAgF1rAagShP
於是各色各樣嘅金融公司就如雨後春筍94Please respect copyright.PENANAEqpqqbOseL
以各種名目去發行股票同債券集資94Please respect copyright.PENANA1tgkxKDthY
好似投資匈牙利嘅小麥農場呀94Please respect copyright.PENANAt8rpg4Oix7
或者連接維也納至布達佩斯嘅鐵路呀94Please respect copyright.PENANA6ZhNQHGB8e
甚至係啲只存在喺紙上嘅地產項目呀咁94Please respect copyright.PENANAqtYrSFx8Ji
咁好似上面咁講94Please respect copyright.PENANANbkC61wEpI
資本世界入面嘅國界94Please respect copyright.PENANAudxeB6pC3G
隨住通訊技術嘅改進而變得越嚟越模糊94Please respect copyright.PENANAfQ05096lmr
作為當時生產力最強、資本最充裕嘅英國佬94Please respect copyright.PENANASU5pS7ufUR
當然就唔會執輸叉隻腳埋嚟啦94Please respect copyright.PENANAz7a4pb96dF
喺呢啲熱錢嘅炒作吓94Please respect copyright.PENANAm5LUAKRtOe
維也納股市暴漲94Please respect copyright.PENANAAOoBvU3uxt
喺1873年94Please respect copyright.PENANAdL6CiJUyQ1
呢個吹波波遊戲終於到達高潮喇
喺呢年維也納舉辦世界博覽會94Please respect copyright.PENANAXbX6ezMbbF
作為皇帝法蘭茲約瑟夫一世登基25周年94Please respect copyright.PENANAndIZDp0yok
兼向世界展現奧匈已經喺奧普戰爭戰敗中復原嘅慶祝活動94Please respect copyright.PENANALUsV6IDOHO
呢次全球矚目嘅盛事可謂不容有失94Please respect copyright.PENANAtwySbNlrS5
自1870年贏得主辦權後94Please respect copyright.PENANAgIzVQq5BIM
維也納到處都大興土木94Please respect copyright.PENANAMMbeheJKoD
地產項目變得相當興盛94Please respect copyright.PENANAJ483XOuHYb
啲熱錢梗係唔會放過咁好嘅炒作理由啦94Please respect copyright.PENANAX4MW3Rd99B
更多嘅資本引致更高嘅升幅94Please respect copyright.PENANAwm3QaQwpRl
而更高嘅升幅就吸引更多嘅資本94Please respect copyright.PENANAz0XMlWm82A
喺1873年頭到開幕前呢4個月間94Please respect copyright.PENANAUmWeXRmaBM
維也納股市升咗一倍94Please respect copyright.PENANAqwMz9n7BlH
啲奧地利佬就嚟可以喺博覽會上表演左腳踏右腳上太空喇94Please respect copyright.PENANATnr0Fyyzky
1873年維也納世博主場館Rotunda94Please respect copyright.PENANAZyOOQ4FodC
就咁睇相都覺得相當宏偉94Please respect copyright.PENANALhMvBOaj2w不過可惜喺1937年一場大火中燒毀吖94Please respect copyright.PENANA1fHH8O8LSB
唔係嘅話而家應該係遊客必到嘅景點
當然最後佢地冇上到太空啦94Please respect copyright.PENANANapm6hax2m
仲拖埋全世界落地獄㖭94Please respect copyright.PENANADJyPQhDslq
喺5月1號籌備已久嘅世界博覽會開幕94Please respect copyright.PENANA8O1RMYwbpa
奧皇到場發表演說兼攞威94Please respect copyright.PENANA9cpOIZuwPj
不過喺同一時間94Please respect copyright.PENANA0xx60HsiU8
當時奧匈最大嘅銀行奧地利信貸突然將股票戶口清空94Please respect copyright.PENANATu5BNCbdVM
因為佢地判斷當世博開幕嘅一刻94Please respect copyright.PENANATYgoATXpz7
就係音樂停止嘅時候喇94Please respect copyright.PENANA52A0Y7sdkZ
而家睇番呢個根本係自我實現嘅預言94Please respect copyright.PENANArsHPrU9KIF
因為咁做就會即時抽緊啲證券商嘅銀根94Please respect copyright.PENANAjOpht0mM7k
作為最大嘅證券商94Please respect copyright.PENANA0Hk6bw9nOU
Adolf喺玩咗幾日兩個蓋冚十個煲後94Please respect copyright.PENANAO9dipkwlKM
終於頂唔順爆煲94Please respect copyright.PENANAYvhMyex9b8
同時以英國資本為首嘅國際大孖沙94Please respect copyright.PENANA9u23Lyrala
都畀呢次突如其來嘅股災殺個措手不及損手爛腳94Please respect copyright.PENANAXEDmjqgtcn
為防自身資金鏈斷裂94Please respect copyright.PENANANnStwwZd0Y
佢地都開始喺歐美各主要市場減持甚至清倉94Please respect copyright.PENANACRGhtpFgSv
以增加自己嘅頭寸94Please respect copyright.PENANAq1K0hxrYGK
咁導致各大資本市場嘅銀根進一步收縮94Please respect copyright.PENANAhuyEkNslPy
股價暴跌銀行擠提企業破產94Please respect copyright.PENANALesAnYfOKs
就好似骨牌一樣94Please respect copyright.PENANAuqhqLLzZyU
以維也納為中心向全球擴散94Please respect copyright.PENANAJpYVVv9dTU
法蘭克福、巴黎、阿姆斯特丹、倫敦……94Please respect copyright.PENANAEHT9onskig
各地股市債市相繼崩潰94Please respect copyright.PENANAIOOnBzE5hS
甚至遠至紐約都受到波及94Please respect copyright.PENANAesbqUnIUYk9月18號美國最大嘅鐵路融資銀行Jay Cooke & Co94Please respect copyright.PENANAzYaJrwz7sW
因為冇晒歐洲買家買佢啲債券94Please respect copyright.PENANAxy2VKLJDZT
還唔到一筆政府借貸而債務違約清盤94Please respect copyright.PENANAr7fS4RCAhA
啲人見到咁大間銀行都搞唔掂94Please respect copyright.PENANAMxnsGobowh
都紛紛湧去各銀行提走所有錢94Please respect copyright.PENANAuKptBO6CQG
兩日內有廿間銀行接連因擠提而破產94Please respect copyright.PENANA3uj6nrbmQQ
紐約交易所喺20號破天荒宣布停市10日94Please respect copyright.PENANACsnESntMd7
咁自然就帶嚟更大嘅恐慌更嚴重嘅擠提啦94Please respect copyright.PENANArHvVcNTD7k
喺跟住嗰一年94Please respect copyright.PENANAbrOtrmxYin
呢啲金融機構清盤所引發嘅連鎖反應94Please respect copyright.PENANAzXk7MiECqi
令全美國超過100間銀行同鐵路企業倒閉...94Please respect copyright.PENANAPSjE9dDtrF
…相信經歷過2008年金融海嘯嘅小朋友94Please respect copyright.PENANAz8YaO9eh4I
都會覺得有啲似曾相識94Please respect copyright.PENANAuzwLGUuOAO
冇錯94Please respect copyright.PENANA0gUskaF1xO
呢次被後世史學家稱為“1873年恐慌 ”嘅經濟災難94Please respect copyright.PENANAYWbuHjqWwm
就係人類史上第一次因個別企業爆煲而引發嘅全球流動性危機94Please respect copyright.PENANAUsQgdBGZI3
1873年5月9號朝早94Please respect copyright.PENANAAHjYr6aewW
就係嗰個年代嘅「雷曼時刻」喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAqo82qvgFHy
咁啱得咁橋94Please respect copyright.PENANA964G2QZc0H
呢對猶太兄弟同佢地個阿哥所創立嗰間雜貨舖兼投資銀行94Please respect copyright.PENANAgyfZKytgI1
喺呢次災難前察覺到鐵路同房地產市場嘅泡沫94Please respect copyright.PENANA3M69J1D3eA
而專注做番農業融資得以避過一劫之餘94Please respect copyright.PENANA2byf0XLA0J
再踩住佢啲同行條屍壯大94Please respect copyright.PENANAM6Kdxf2ykn
有咁嘅市場觸覺94Please respect copyright.PENANAdySU3ZEb62
他朝必定可以叱吒風雲主宰全球金融94Please respect copyright.PENANAJoe4JaTEDy…吖一時唔醒起佢地姓安信定華納定咩㖭
呢次災難嘅後遺症有好多94Please respect copyright.PENANAVANA0tvAnZ
例如因為銀根緊繃息率急升94Please respect copyright.PENANADNAlHbfja4
令各行各業借貸成本暴漲94Please respect copyright.PENANAjabgWc9zMr
從而令大量民生企業倒閉失業率飆升94Please respect copyright.PENANAM0OXctycYP
引發歐美地區長達廿年嘅「長期蕭條」94Please respect copyright.PENANAJaXTfGWJG6
(本來1873年呢次係叫「大蕭條」嘅直至畀1929年嗰次搶咗個名)又例如猶太人被德語報章描繪成貪婪嘅吸血鬼94Please respect copyright.PENANAZSCdaDtaRa
利用各種虛假嘅投資項目同高利貸94Please respect copyright.PENANAyIsJsSK148
榨取勤勞善良嘅工人辛苦勞動得嚟嘅血汗錢94Please respect copyright.PENANA5a7lRobXJJ
從而引發德語地區新一輪嘅反猶太運動94Please respect copyright.PENANAB9V1fUkegO
為日後希哥嘅「最終解決方案」奠定基礎等等94Please respect copyright.PENANAlu26gexXKw不過呢啲都唔係今集要講嘅嘢94Please respect copyright.PENANA8TTjXxua7w
呢度我想講講呢次流動性危機94Please respect copyright.PENANAlMQPpcD9tK
係點樣誘使歐洲人去瓜分非洲
要知道喺嗰個金/銀本位嘅年代94Please respect copyright.PENANAYWtneeqvth
錢唔係話憑一句“In aircraft carrier god we trust”就印到出嚟94Please respect copyright.PENANAvDC3h3YdDR
而一個國家有幾多錢94Please respect copyright.PENANA5ubzUcy0uF
就視乎佢嘅貿易順差有幾大喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAfForYWGtBF
最完美嘅情況94Please respect copyright.PENANA6xcODfMupV
就係你有足夠多足夠平嘅商品之餘94Please respect copyright.PENANAjaDMX5J790
同時又冇需要進口其他國家嘅產品94Please respect copyright.PENANALN88OeChsj
當時英國呢個日不落帝國94Please respect copyright.PENANAuveUHBFDQv
就相當接近呢個情況喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAx61Z5A1FJw
喺漫長而又和平嘅19世紀94Please respect copyright.PENANAeGXmZegZ5u
英國憑藉強大嘅工業力量94Please respect copyright.PENANA92HQ4rX2fj
支撐住絕對優勢嘅海軍94Please respect copyright.PENANAwyRXjSx2vE
喺世界各地建立起一個又一個嘅殖民地94Please respect copyright.PENANAjLJyNN7Ghc
再由呢啲殖民地獲取各種廉價嘅工業原材料94Please respect copyright.PENANAeEjs6ioYaw
令自己嘅產品喺世界市場上得到無可比擬嘅成本優勢94Please respect copyright.PENANAR8E0dqH0eY
賺取更多嘅外匯94Please respect copyright.PENANAV76F897v3e
從而建造更多更強嘅戰艦去霸佔更多嘅殖民地94Please respect copyright.PENANATH2bscxhd2
形成牢不可破嘅正循環94Please respect copyright.PENANAglScB4KHIK
簡單嚟講94Please respect copyright.PENANA0v8oGNxCsR
重商主義嘅精粹94Please respect copyright.PENANAwb8anca6Mx
就係要獲取比對手多嘅資源(aka殖民地)喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAd3RURpwIR8
1870年嘅日不落帝國
重商主義
嗰時嘅英國就好似而家嘅美國一樣94Please respect copyright.PENANAkLPm5Q6Yir
都係全球資本市場最主要嘅資金來源94Please respect copyright.PENANAYyPO8XEDYE
所以當維也納股災引致英國收水時94Please respect copyright.PENANA7WiznwYAxI
全世界資本市場即時缺血94Please respect copyright.PENANAmp788ct15k
各國即時反應就梗係止血啦94Please respect copyright.PENANABYrcmYgxio
要止血最直接就加係關稅94Please respect copyright.PENANAPjUAW32E1x
保護主義相繼喺各國抬頭94Please respect copyright.PENANAnIoih33YXn
不過對啲冇乜資源嘅國家嚟講94Please respect copyright.PENANAMGkoLtnJgR
短期止到血啫94Please respect copyright.PENANAS1HsVVmuDB
長期嘅話一樣營養不良94Please respect copyright.PENANA5zKvLFymcy
因為你加得關稅94Please respect copyright.PENANA0XQobsWegW
人地一樣加得94Please respect copyright.PENANATJcS4aBlDd
你要入口工業生產所欠缺嘅原材料94Please respect copyright.PENANA7QVx14HuCl
所繳交嘅關稅最終都會反映喺價格上94Please respect copyright.PENANAdkVeiNgvzU
真係賺幾多都會畀人地啲關稅食晒94Please respect copyright.PENANAY3Sn79PGHZ
所以最根本解決流動性危機嘅方法94Please respect copyright.PENANALVqZI67sqH
就係奪取更加多嘅殖民地94Please respect copyright.PENANAD1BMeIDDCJ
而喺嗰時94Please respect copyright.PENANAtYZVYVjuQ7
全球仲未畀歐洲勢力劃分嘅地方94Please respect copyright.PENANAmN3AbqTA4a
就只有非洲內陸、太平洋啲山旮旯島嶼同南極洲94Please respect copyright.PENANAhyw3YNDqV1
加上自1850年代以嚟嘅尼羅河溯源之旅94Please respect copyright.PENANAS4QzCi0XGi
已經證實咗喺奎寧同格靈鎗嘅幫助下94Please respect copyright.PENANAXjSl1wZle9
歐洲人係可以征服非洲最可怕嘅密林同土著王國94Please respect copyright.PENANA0HOsvKoYKG
喺呢個前提之下94Please respect copyright.PENANAdTCYzo4GF1
《瓜分非洲》呢隻DLC就變得相當吸引94Please respect copyright.PENANACk21KYLfTn
於是各個舊玩家好似西班牙、葡萄牙、英國、法國94Please respect copyright.PENANAqbfCv8YKly
以及新玩家好似德國、意大利同某個豆腐膶咁細嘅低地國國王94Please respect copyright.PENANAUDCOBh7if6
都紛紛組織探險隊同遠征軍94Please respect copyright.PENANATP0D1qYcsh
務求快過對手一步94Please respect copyright.PENANAM46vlSt491
奪取更多嘅殖民地94Please respect copyright.PENANA1Kpe2YuGJu
以喺呢個現代經濟模式中佔到先機94Please respect copyright.PENANAVnpbwALJj8面對有足夠健康嘅士兵同格靈機鎗94Please respect copyright.PENANAgokDnLo1Qv
無論係南非草原嘅祖魯戰士94Please respect copyright.PENANA0px2OXc9CS
抑或係西非黃金海岸密林嘅阿散蒂叛軍94Please respect copyright.PENANAFCrSoEJ9I0
都喺一陣陣“突突突”聲中化成碎片94Please respect copyright.PENANAasgxCLakQr
1876年非洲嘅殖民地94Please respect copyright.PENANABzwA07fas4
可以見到除咗法國喺北非嘅阿爾及利亞94Please respect copyright.PENANA11q7ftAWoJ
西非嘅塞內加爾94Please respect copyright.PENANAIVizc3LTKr
英國喺南非嘅開普殖民地94Please respect copyright.PENANAmK5QBw022L
以及葡萄牙嗰喺東非同西非嗰兩撻有名無實嘅殖民地外94Please respect copyright.PENANAlOXJKgcSj9
其他嘅都係細到不值一提94Please respect copyright.PENANARXrkobA2Yj
所有殖民地加埋都只有大約十份之一個非洲94Please respect copyright.PENANA0hrum0AoTJ
相對於同時期歐洲人已經全佔美洲同澳洲94Please respect copyright.PENANAVZ4FHOZFaf
亞洲亦都有一半以上嘅勢力落入歐洲人手中94Please respect copyright.PENANAYdW6dxt3s9
殖民非洲的確係緩慢好多94Please respect copyright.PENANAKrIh4DNF6d
不過情況將會好快改變⋯⋯
94Please respect copyright.PENANAD98EHZ1yuw
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會留意到94Please respect copyright.PENANA35HQkJYade
今次金融災難明明美國佬都舐晒嘢㗎喎94Please respect copyright.PENANALDYI5097zt
點解後來佢地又冇玩《瓜分非洲》呢94Please respect copyright.PENANA6oiJS6mxmI
(除咗喺西非嗰撻自由黑鬼放養地94Please respect copyright.PENANAYA3Dl8YmvJ
之後都會講講關於呢班源自非洲嘅外來物種有趣嘅故事)94Please respect copyright.PENANAd05RnDrD6Q
呢樣正正就係美國之所以為「天選之國」嘅原因喇94Please respect copyright.PENANABMnSOaDPgP
美洲係好柒大好多資源嘅94Please respect copyright.PENANAODtVp51rEb
地理上亦都離歐亞大陸好遠94Please respect copyright.PENANAkbtlAf3WAD
與其山長水遠走去非洲同舊世界班老屎忽爭餅食94Please respect copyright.PENANAdqTiqSIiK4
不如留番喺度開發好過94Please respect copyright.PENANAqWV5wHtrC2
所以美國立國以嚟個發展方向都係向西94Please respect copyright.PENANAwfxIIXgEBy
由大西洋一路去到太平洋94Please respect copyright.PENANASocPPWZHBL
再將太平洋變成自己個私家泳池94Please respect copyright.PENANAHUuSAPbQFH
成就出新一代舉世無雙嘅海洋霸權94Please respect copyright.PENANAmPenZ5vVYO
呢啲就係美國自我實現嘅「昭昭天命」(Manifest Destiny)喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAGgmcQaor5p
哥倫比亞女神右手攞住科學左手拉起電報線94Please respect copyright.PENANAdEwfutzoMA
引領拓荒者將光明由東邊帶往西部94Please respect copyright.PENANAqHPxU4gqBB
留意番幅圖左邊啲印第安人係走住屌嘅
不過玩咗幾年啲列強就開始覺得有啲唔對路喇94Please respect copyright.PENANAUvOGceU8H3
係呀面對啲揸住長矛牛皮盾嘅黑鬼94Please respect copyright.PENANARyGbOwnwXc
梗係冇問題啦94Please respect copyright.PENANAa9HwV1oP4z
不過玩到咁上緊94Please respect copyright.PENANAdLnL1kZ6as
實會同其他玩家嘅領地有交接㗎喎94Please respect copyright.PENANACAZLZ0v7A3
嗰度山長水遠到時有咩爭拗衝突都幾麻煩94Please respect copyright.PENANAqn47yZqd4I
究竟點樣先為之有效佔領擁有咗某個地方呢?94Please respect copyright.PENANAfvM7o9cH8U
領地內嘅河流係咪可以獨家使用定要同隔離分享呢?94Please respect copyright.PENANAm7uhLgowMB
呢啲問題隨住剛果盆地嘅爭議而浮上枱面94Please respect copyright.PENANAL3GXytBPRh
──1880年法國探險家皮耶・布拉柴搶先一步喺剛果河北岸建立布拉柴維爾94Please respect copyright.PENANAMv3l1etyWU
當時比利時國王利奧波德二世隻馬仔亨利・史坦利見到唔對路94Please respect copyright.PENANAHY6hMHl2LT
就嗱嗱臨喺對岸起咗個以佢老細嚟命名嘅哨站仔(利奧波德維爾,即係而家嘅金沙薩)94Please respect copyright.PENANAsGgzZ6PH4x
以阻止法國佬南下94Please respect copyright.PENANAp42ecMWKPM
由此引發咗一連串嘅領土同航行權爭議94Please respect copyright.PENANA6S4xa2EQZG
世上相距最近嘅首都(唔計羅馬同梵蒂岡)94Please respect copyright.PENANA30J2GMfUzY
直線距離唔夠3公里94Please respect copyright.PENANA8EcdXuWj67
不過最意想不到嘅94Please respect copyright.PENANAXW9BEGxI8W
係竟然有飛機航班來往呢兩個城市94Please respect copyright.PENANAgg9tEjnqw1
全程唔使5分鐘
歐洲佬對呢啲殖民地領土爭議並唔陌生94Please respect copyright.PENANACxDOHY7371
其實免得過嘅話佢地都唔想為呢啲殖民地打仗94Please respect copyright.PENANAZaOMK39Dqc
好似西班牙同葡萄牙簽署嘅《托爾德西里亞斯條約》同《薩拉戈薩條約》94Please respect copyright.PENANAOMqqbI1I9l
就令呢兩個世仇唔使為爭奪全球嘅殖民地而大動干戈94Please respect copyright.PENANAXwmGFamRJf不過今次咁多玩家一齊喺同一個地方玩嘅話94Please respect copyright.PENANAFDjq42auvO
所牽涉利益嘅複雜性94Please respect copyright.PENANAx21IQReppB
就唔係呢啲雙邊條約可以處理到喇94Please respect copyright.PENANANgGNUjIHew
佢地急需坐埋一齊研究吓94Please respect copyright.PENANAZJkHkj00ST
呢隻《瓜分非洲》94Please respect copyright.PENANAz4l3Nup4E4
究竟要有啲咩遊戲規則...94Please respect copyright.PENANAlqygO2XaD3
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAynnDGMFfLr
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAvlT0UBmi4i
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAaOMQThjq3G
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAhnWCATQVFx
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAulJbmWjWN3
.94Please respect copyright.PENANA1Te1CJRFvf
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAn9yyaJoL8B
.94Please respect copyright.PENANA7G0J1IBwbY
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAXk0iv8vtdS
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAnnabAXCO0X
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAwHHXcc9eRV
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAe8SgBNjqRW
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAA0FKJKJiMF
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAJIG080KTNS
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAheAEvFp80D
.94Please respect copyright.PENANApydMqg6JLZ
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAzmLPA1ufps
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAyZoIZGN845
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAq9w7QoscKz
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAvZCUhS0XvI
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAwWOFH78zpF
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAehn1kCrdNL
.94Please respect copyright.PENANARBdW4TN0GN
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAU0brq0OPTp
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAGY0GnatfpZ
.94Please respect copyright.PENANADhxc3he3Q2
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAXSOOcvl7lR
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAxBQjpZ4t8P
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAbJvjkKUKwL
.94Please respect copyright.PENANAbGWz0GGq8v
94Please respect copyright.PENANA4FhET9RotW
…唔使咁急喎94Please respect copyright.PENANA8n66pACwE5
食埋件餅先慢慢傾啦94Please respect copyright.PENANAncWmMt6dq7下一集《柏林盛宴》94Please respect copyright.PENANANGqs1tLafq
就會講吓呢個喺後世惡名昭彰嘅柏林會議94Please respect copyright.PENANAipX2n5oEgy
當中嘅來龍去脈喇