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德國統一初期佢對海外擴張都係相當抗拒130Please respect copyright.PENANA0HnLL6MZpv
原因之一係繼承自普魯士嘅帝國海軍130Please respect copyright.PENANAg44teEVRVM
規模實在太細130Please respect copyright.PENANAdlm9Nm8bQ4
根本支撐唔到龐大嘅殖民地發展130Please respect copyright.PENANAB0OWbDuWnr
就咁其實德國唔係冇能力發展遠洋艦隊130Please respect copyright.PENANACEgXf1TuEi
相反德國船廠嘅技術喺當時係首屈一指130Please respect copyright.PENANALeLs3bRmLb
號稱遠東最強戰艦嘅定遠號同鎮遠號130Please respect copyright.PENANAGL86DdFRFI
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個海軍咁鵪鶉嘅原因130Please respect copyright.PENANAh1neGLPOe3
純粹係國策使然啫
定遠號同鎮遠號喺德國港口付運時情況
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原因係避免同其他列強直接競爭130Please respect copyright.PENANAqM63TtHuXd
例如喺1867年尾130Please respect copyright.PENANAaMKC93cwgh
北德意志邦聯海軍司令繞過俾斯麥130Please respect copyright.PENANASTF3SV1RoV
直接同中美洲哥斯達黎加協議設立軍港130Please respect copyright.PENANAaqPYMU60cM
當俾斯麥知道時即時叫停130Please respect copyright.PENANARjsudcZ5fN
原因就係因為佢驚得罪美國130Please respect copyright.PENANAVHb9Bxdaem
(門羅主義下嘅美國對歐洲國家介入美洲事務相當反感)130Please respect copyright.PENANA7dA2Iw8fwV
對一個距離咁遠嘅強國都咁忌憚130Please respect copyright.PENANAeSIOEj9s7y
何況英國、法國呢啲傳統海軍強國130Please respect copyright.PENANADCHaDBMsfl
以德國個地理位置130Please respect copyright.PENANAtMDNQ0wfIo
發展遠洋艦隊130Please respect copyright.PENANACEuvfnMzPD
根本係浪費寶貴嘅國家資源130Please respect copyright.PENANADnEzg3XQA7
冇強大嘅海軍130Please respect copyright.PENANAFfPzFgwLB8
殖民主義又從何談起呢?
以一個明瞭發展強大海軍弊端嘅歷史偉人130Please respect copyright.PENANA27x7GVJOGT
嚟命名一艘帝國最強大嘅戰艦130Please respect copyright.PENANAduW8C0AIZh
總係有種開緊歷史玩笑嘅味道⋯⋯
不過官方嘅立場並唔影響民間對海外擴張嘅嚮往130Please respect copyright.PENANAkv7XxotFEH
喺1860年代中期開始130Please respect copyright.PENANA4ZA6MDHSuV
尤其係探索剛果盆地成功後130Please respect copyright.PENANApnO9tcXK4K
各國包括德國嘅民間都充斥住對探險嘅熱情130Please respect copyright.PENANAKNMMFun2qV
形形色色嘅企業同地理學會都紛紛組團130Please respect copyright.PENANAmEEmmVFPfr
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傳統殖民強國好似英法兩國130Please respect copyright.PENANAqTyiesGhu0
同埋某個博晒老命搵殖民地嘅豆腐膶低地國130Please respect copyright.PENANALxTwO8w89v
因為有國家機器加持130Please respect copyright.PENANAPtGcY1fTjX
啲探險隊當然就如魚得水啦130Please respect copyright.PENANAj9qxzAvmo0
但係德國嗰啲就陰公喇130Please respect copyright.PENANATqaWIYtXUg
喺1868年俾斯麥寫畀佢老友戰爭部長羅恩伯爵嘅信中130Please respect copyright.PENANA0h2W98ogSm
佢表明唔會用納稅人嘅錢支持呢啲同國策相違背嘅私人企業活動130Please respect copyright.PENANAvOB7EgaZ5N
就係咁啲企業就算探到險簽到合作協議都好130Please respect copyright.PENANAlPqrHIHCGE
到最後返到德國都會畀俾斯麥拒之門外白忙一場130Please respect copyright.PENANAN4w2Rl5ewu
攞唔到國家資助自然就發展唔到啦130Please respect copyright.PENANAyZFK23lZ8s
不過情況好快就會有改變⋯⋯
1878年柏林會議後130Please respect copyright.PENANADBjzBGYTbI
巴爾幹局勢暫時穩定落嚟130Please respect copyright.PENANAUvFJ7KoBhd
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為嗰個時代嘅歐洲確立咗一個和平嘅基礎130Please respect copyright.PENANAw66dYwxBuT
至少係表面上啦130Please respect copyright.PENANAZJwMNNby3l
俾斯麥終於保得住德國個後欄130Please respect copyright.PENANA9sf7I0lv1Y
可以專心應付嚟自法國嘅敵意喇130Please respect copyright.PENANAveJad2ttvz
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英法喺會上嘅枱底交易130Please respect copyright.PENANAuEQ7iqutiv
似乎都預視咗嚟緊嘅外交角力焦點130Please respect copyright.PENANAJzuqvAKHoz
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同巴爾幹動輒牽扯上幾百年嘅國仇家恨唔同130Please respect copyright.PENANAHZU1C9eh6f
呢啲殖民地爭議130Please respect copyright.PENANAbnXdpMuXf4
本質上純粹係基於經濟利益嘅啫130Please respect copyright.PENANANHTmVg8i8f
德國要參與其中130Please respect copyright.PENANAJ5anJ3XfoA
從而繼續喺外交上孤立法國同分散佢對歐陸嘅注意力嘅話130Please respect copyright.PENANAEfkja0rGpp
就唔可以好似今次咁只係做個Honest Broker就夠130Please respect copyright.PENANArZfHcTciEd
佢一定要有啲籌碼喺手130Please respect copyright.PENANAKzvpvA6IxL
先可以埋枱玩130Please respect copyright.PENANA1EBGYhrRU4
咁代表俾斯麥要做樣佢唔係好想做嘅嘢──海外擴張130Please respect copyright.PENANAzg9vEEV0II
喺1880年尾開始130Please respect copyright.PENANAS6shhe9aEU
之前食飽閉門羹嘅企業同機構130Please respect copyright.PENANAesemQU4Smy
陸續獲得俾斯麥接見130Please respect copyright.PENANA2zESJZsddN
並且陸續獲批殖民地嘅特許狀130Please respect copyright.PENANAUEGwSFhLju
1884年4月-德屬西南非洲(納米比亞);7月-西非嘅多哥蘭同喀麥隆;130Please respect copyright.PENANAfhWnoKGJFL
1885年2月-德屬東非(坦桑尼亞);4月-肯雅130Please respect copyright.PENANAO4fcwL56io
加埋幾個喺南太平洋嘅群島仔130Please respect copyright.PENANAFKl9S8jhbn
於是德國喺一年間130Please respect copyright.PENANA8s33zvFEwc
就由冇到有咁建立起僅次於英法兩國、全球第三大嘅殖民帝國喇
德國喺非洲嘅殖民地
俾斯麥為日爾曼尼亞着起名為殖民主義嘅新裝
睇落好似好威威咁130Please respect copyright.PENANA6zHpYLPrsM
不過呢啲殖民地其實都係掛個名係德國旗下嘅啫130Please respect copyright.PENANA9nRUBFULZk
因為俾斯麥根本唔想使太多錢喺呢度130Please respect copyright.PENANAPhigNxULN5
呢一紙特許狀純粹係畀呢啲殖民地公司專營權130Please respect copyright.PENANA0d9FftknhH
同喺“必要”時提供軍事援助啫130Please respect copyright.PENANAL2ce7H2xez
咩探索呀開發呀治安呀嗰啲麻煩就閣下自理喇130Please respect copyright.PENANAEY8HrWGJda
呢個由私人公司主導嘅殖民模式係註定失敗嘅130Please respect copyright.PENANALYsY0iOe5H
皆因冇國家機器直接統籌嘅話130Please respect copyright.PENANAdbKMB7KT2v
民間機構係冇可能處理到殖民地入面嘅諸多事務130Please respect copyright.PENANA65QGfix4eV
強如英國東印度公司呢間有國家支援嘅百年老店130Please respect copyright.PENANA2QDlKopr6A
最後都要衰喺一場全國暴動上130Please respect copyright.PENANA3GosI46A8V
要政府接管執手尾
由牛油同豬油引發嘅1857年印度兵變
咁你會問明知死路一條點解俾斯麥都仲要行嘅130Please respect copyright.PENANAcWPs99WvBv
首先要搞清楚死嘅唔係俾斯麥唔係德國130Please respect copyright.PENANAwXdzKZEoUl
而係啲私人企業130Please respect copyright.PENANAMyn7XJM4pt
畢竟呢啲殖民地開發不嬲都係高風險㗎啦130Please respect copyright.PENANAyIoc7fTst0
佢地死冇人會覺得出奇130Please respect copyright.PENANAelRVS7KwAa
更重要嘅係俾斯麥本身就唔想發得太大130Please respect copyright.PENANAPSZ69Vu2WO
佢要嘅效果130Please respect copyright.PENANAFpiDFSV07N
就係用最低成本130Please respect copyright.PENANAmZjRbKeFi3
令德國喺短時間內130Please respect copyright.PENANAizLzMTPMh9
獲取足夠多嘅殖民地130Please respect copyright.PENANAfeSwQToklt
等佢可以喺嚟緊英法之間嘅殖民地爭議中善價而沽130Please respect copyright.PENANAFbRGB27viq
德國作為老三要做嘅130Please respect copyright.PENANAqZOPqAfsR0
就係平衡阿大同老二嘅勢力130Please respect copyright.PENANAuu7w2ym58P
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自己喺歐陸先會安穩130Please respect copyright.PENANA4AVaGDOAR6
呢樣就係俾斯麥點解喺1880年代無啦啦搞殖民主義最底層嘅原因喇
好喇籌碼就喺手喇130Please respect copyright.PENANAmj8HDptzje
而家就爭咁張賭枱130Please respect copyright.PENANAAR9HxynsMI
俾斯麥需要一個好似上次柏林會議咁嘅外交場合130Please respect copyright.PENANAWSnKZ3QTgk
等佢可以遊走於英法嘅殖民地鬥爭之中130Please respect copyright.PENANAjZE9t4D1h4
咁啱法國同比利時喺剛果河流域歸屬問題上嘅爭議130Please respect copyright.PENANADnmoChZdfE
有越演越烈嘅趨勢130Please respect copyright.PENANAQPVcTTLcaY
而本來已經衰落到冇人理嘅葡萄牙130Please respect copyright.PENANABuWjfvY41o
又突然喺櫳底摷咗份鹹鹹臭臭嘅條約出嚟130Please respect copyright.PENANA4mFNtP6qpC
話早喺15世紀已經同當地嘅剛果王國簽訂協議130Please respect copyright.PENANAJXqL2wS2nk
可以自由使用剛果河口南岸嘅一大片土地130Please respect copyright.PENANAJKSFOZoWp2
(即現今安哥拉,詳情請參閱第二集)130Please respect copyright.PENANAJGdUpgRGDK
要佢大佬英國撑佢維護當地嘅領土完整130Please respect copyright.PENANAhymQWcE73D
忽然間剛果河就成為四國爭拗嘅熱點130Please respect copyright.PENANAt8uj16WF9O
俾斯麥心諗喂掂呀屌你130Please respect copyright.PENANA6bVSf20hyI
於是建議大家過嚟柏林開個會斟斟130Please respect copyright.PENANANqNdXhAj66
各國見上次柏林會議搞得幾靚仔吓130Please respect copyright.PENANAsdJ7EJXCaI
都紛紛嚮應130Please respect copyright.PENANA2gUtOiuNEI
最終1884年11月15號喺俾斯麥嘅官邸130Please respect copyright.PENANAPu3YWu45JB
齊集除咗瑞士同啲鹹豆咁細嘅鼻屎國外全部歐洲國家130Please respect copyright.PENANACtK9I2HiFT
再加上美國同鄂圖曼總共14個國家同組織130Please respect copyright.PENANAiP89bWxCSn
(比利時係以國際剛果協會而唔係國家名義參加)130Please respect copyright.PENANAAZ6PkanSvg
參與呢個惡名昭彰、後世駡不絕口嘅柏林剛果會議喇
其實呢個會喺外交上唔算好高級別130Please respect copyright.PENANAxiJwD9ztR8
嗰時冇飛機130Please respect copyright.PENANA2KpOS20Ifi
要一國首腦掉低本國事務山長水遠去一個地方開個會130Please respect copyright.PENANAedrqYEKv2z
必定係關乎到國運嘅大事130Please respect copyright.PENANANvX3GU7Fm9
好似上次柏林會議130Please respect copyright.PENANAcctCJWYcHf
與會嘅全部唔係外長就係首相本人130Please respect copyright.PENANAQyv4grUWv0
相反今次嚟開會嘅130Please respect copyright.PENANANfoZcmec94
都係各國駐柏林大使130Please respect copyright.PENANARcWFw5NjxZ
亦因為咁佢地係做唔到重大決定嘅130Please respect copyright.PENANAnH2mnhQl6E
每當要決定某啲事務時130Please respect copyright.PENANAiEYf3K4l5F
啲大使都要聯絡本國外長甚至元首130Please respect copyright.PENANAahLkY1HF5Q
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計埋聖誕同新年放咗幾日假130Please respect copyright.PENANALp13sUdpGV
總共開咗104日130Please respect copyright.PENANAcITwfbGJ7j
到第二年嘅2月26號先完結130Please respect copyright.PENANAIFr0R1rOMY
(對比1878年嗰次就啱啱好開咗一個月)130Please respect copyright.PENANAjGfLoToHY9
咁從側面反映130Please respect copyright.PENANAoQ2OnYsKr9
喺嗰時對各國嚟講130Please respect copyright.PENANAXzwTE3bj0H
殖民地政策所佔嘅比重其實唔算好大130Please respect copyright.PENANA16YlExotJ9
不過好快就會有改變
呢個會主要解決嘅問題有:130Please respect copyright.PENANAVY3BOzs06W
1)剛果盆地歸屬130Please respect copyright.PENANAqAD9pO36rV
2)兩大水系(尼日河同剛果河)航權130Please respect copyright.PENANA2Sow0e1mea
3)何謂“有效佔據”130Please respect copyright.PENANAZk2P24gDbx
關於第一個問題130Please respect copyright.PENANAYmN4VRaq3B
喺我對上一篇《由比利時嘅斷掌朱古力講起》都有約略講過吓130Please respect copyright.PENANAfa2kxz6ONB
我就唔係呢度重覆喇130Please respect copyright.PENANAHxMlx4BhTu
簡單重溫吓130Please respect copyright.PENANAuR58H3NcV7
當時各國已經知道130Please respect copyright.PENANAvdOstoeAv9
利奧波德二世呢個掛住人道主義者面具嘅豺狼130Please respect copyright.PENANAvmdAOqbKLf
背後嘅陰謀㗎喇130Please respect copyright.PENANAVOgphvy3OG
不過基於勢力平衡關係130Please respect copyright.PENANABRJYPbDGYf
畀中立國比利時控制中非呢一大片土地130Please respect copyright.PENANAN0SyxkLE3i
對各國都有好處130Please respect copyright.PENANAXFCYTcESIg
而法國喺剛果河北岸呢一輪大動作130Please respect copyright.PENANAZKcKs79U3i
目的都只係警示利奧波德二世唔好諗住踩過界啫130Please respect copyright.PENANAHNvkRdGKtu
並唔係真係想爭晒成個剛果130Please respect copyright.PENANAHSEOdmdSkN
所以與會各國一致贊成由國際剛果協會管理剛果河南岸130Please respect copyright.PENANAwwcdQzuPgV
而北岸就歸法國所有130Please respect copyright.PENANAkvvR6o0yCL
就係咁130Please respect copyright.PENANAvLjY1EM7CT
剛果自由邦成為咗利奧波德二世苦心經營下嘅外交奇蹟喇
剛果自由邦北面疆界基本上就係剛果河
OK搞掂一樣會議繼續⋯⋯130Please respect copyright.PENANANpeQ1TQ8ij
…咪住主席有樣嘢要搞清楚先130Please respect copyright.PENANAnIEb8hP8Fc
剛果盆地歸國際剛果協會我冇異議130Please respect copyright.PENANAr1AP8cIMsW
不過剛果河口個主權就唔同咁講喇130Please respect copyright.PENANAS8tWLeeHD3
嗱呢份係我國喺1491年同剛果國王約翰一世所簽訂嘅合作協議130Please respect copyright.PENANAnQqRAfEbAm
訂明我國可以自由使用整個剛果河口⋯⋯130Please respect copyright.PENANAJRrda2tAuI
等等葡萄牙代表你收番張梅菜坐番低先130Please respect copyright.PENANAgejOHr52nq
唔使咁心急住130Please respect copyright.PENANAExyNG03BHB
你呢個提案將會同你另一個提案一併處理㗎喇130Please respect copyright.PENANAWhN1vO2gEm
咳唔⋯⋯咁會議就進入第二個議題130Please respect copyright.PENANAiLZrHfSmx8
撒哈拉以南兩大河流──西非嘅尼日河同中非嘅剛果河130Please respect copyright.PENANAX4QRMc6Ypr
一直都係通往非洲內陸最重要嘅航道130Please respect copyright.PENANAs29isujn1u
關於呢兩大水系嘅通航問題130Please respect copyright.PENANA8s3E8SRDH1
其實就相對簡單130Please respect copyright.PENANAyxoAu7fRrF
因為成個會打正旗號係用自由貿易開化啲黑鬼達至遏止奴隸貿易130Please respect copyright.PENANA3jP6NIYGwS
所以航行自由係必須嘅130Please respect copyright.PENANAqCdxPBoDce
尼日河口位於英國佔據嘅尼日三角洲保護地130Please respect copyright.PENANAAAXhrGgbRa
理所當然進入尼日河所需嘅物流保安等等嘅需求同收益130Please respect copyright.PENANAKtcJzychAQ
自然就由英國所負責同享用啦
尼日河同佢廣闊流域內嘅盆地
至於剛果河呢⋯⋯130Please respect copyright.PENANAgmhI8iJWQk
得得得你坐番低先130Please respect copyright.PENANAQprcsuxQ6f
而家就處理今個會第三個要解決嘅問題──何謂有效佔據130Please respect copyright.PENANA2kszJoa2he
順便講埋葡萄牙嘅議題130Please respect copyright.PENANAeqbtDaKrrW
本來列強殖民非洲個玩法130Please respect copyright.PENANADLx3kFyvG4
一路都係佔據非洲沿岸各個河口海灣後130Please respect copyright.PENANAO5AnYuMGaR
再同當地土著簽吓合作協議、起吓貿易站仔130Please respect copyright.PENANAAiwK6Yj4ru
嗰度就歸佢130Please respect copyright.PENANANUbIU75de5
不過畀啲先入局嘅咁樣咁低成本霸晒啲地130Please respect copyright.PENANA0jm9V2kgEZ
對後來者其實相當唔公平130Please respect copyright.PENANAFvGOsyQ9yw
俾斯麥建議殖民者需要同當地部落簽署協議之餘130Please respect copyright.PENANAFJ5xa3VyRP
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好似有發展基建或者駐紮軍隊維持治安等等130Please respect copyright.PENANAzdOgnAVB3W
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就直程令俾斯麥如虎添翼啦
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形成貫穿非洲中南部嘅走廊130Please respect copyright.PENANA9ep79pIQrS
即係所謂嘅“粉紅地圖”
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邊個先有資格去佔據嗰度130Please respect copyright.PENANAzWt62zqwMO
以剛果河口為例130Please respect copyright.PENANA0JdIGFV0U1
國際剛果協會已經證明咗佢對嗰度有實質控制130Please respect copyright.PENANAzPAAAbSomd
而你就只係得份連簽署國都滅亡咗嘅歷史文件130Please respect copyright.PENANAEqvbnhWHVi
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南岸就歸葡屬安哥拉130Please respect copyright.PENANApIA4Jev0OI
大家有冇異議?本來英國早喺2月已經同葡萄牙簽署協議130Please respect copyright.PENANAnDZmaqOrKY
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英國佬即刻嬲到紅都面晒130Please respect copyright.PENANAJc27f6WZSU
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呢樣嘢係絕對唔可以發生
英國嘅“縱斷非洲”同法國嘅“橫斷非洲”130Please respect copyright.PENANAHVBSYmUFej
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詳情請參閱我對上一篇廢文
英國即時陷於兩難130Please respect copyright.PENANAGSE2BTcEnI
如果支持葡萄牙個先發現原則攞剛果河口嘅話130Please respect copyright.PENANAJTebv5lvNN
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兩害取其輕下英國佬決定叫葡萄牙吔自己130Please respect copyright.PENANA5wW2Tw7WeQ
轉向支持國際剛果協會130Please respect copyright.PENANAzljs8h06gK
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而俾斯麥為英法兩國所搭建嘅呢個非洲鬥獸場亦就此完成喇
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自始成為一塊飛地130Please respect copyright.PENANAKkOEeT0kQZ往後章節都會提及吓非洲呢啲奇奇怪怪嘅劃界
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係非洲入面唔同部族喺千百年間自然演化出嚟嘅勢力範圍被重新劃分
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又點會理會同預料到呢
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2)北緯12度以南、撒哈拉同中非雨林之間嘅草原地帶
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自古以來就係兩邊人互相廝咬嘅源頭
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呢啲會喺嚟緊嘅章節慢慢去講130Please respect copyright.PENANAjlXe6KB0qF
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下一集《盛宴之後》再同大家吹過
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的確為各殖民宗主國提供咗一個文明解決潛在爭議嘅框架130Please respect copyright.PENANAfQyH1UpJCo
俾斯麥憑藉佢靈活嘅外交手腕130Please respect copyright.PENANAeO9JTW06Tj
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可以話係有今生冇來世
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呢台由俾斯麥一人擔綱嘅獨腳戲130Please respect copyright.PENANA76623bmQR2
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俾斯麥嗰套遊走於各方矛盾嘅平衡130Please respect copyright.PENANAmVedCLI27N
就唔係好啱佢胃口喇130Please respect copyright.PENANAZuhiSUk8XL
佢覺得戰戰兢兢咁踩鋼線實在太慢太悶130Please respect copyright.PENANAeNj5KXhlKJ
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1890年3月22號130Please respect copyright.PENANABamAh25EoZ
威廉二世以俾斯麥推行嘅反社會主義者法案過於激進為由130Please respect copyright.PENANAS495npzuBA
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威廉仔亦都開始周圍點火表演跳火圈喇
領航員落船
日耳曼尼亞同俾斯麥睇住兒皇帝玩火自焚
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漸漸合作變成對立、猜忌加劇矛盾130Please respect copyright.PENANASdAb7qK9sR
最終走向大戰⋯⋯130Please respect copyright.PENANA4RsUz2GaxE
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最佳答案有時真係未必有最好結果㗎130Please respect copyright.PENANAmthmQeGe8K
如果1878年柏林會議時俾斯麥狠下決心撐俄國130Please respect copyright.PENANACqMHZFdFhT
令世界大戰由威廉一世-俾斯麥-老毛奇呢個鐵三角應對130Please respect copyright.PENANAoGVJ2wDpwn
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又會點樣寫呢個故仔呢?
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-完-
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