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同大家講吓呢個喺各大討論區久唔久都會問嘅問題281Please respect copyright.PENANAWNsSZOsmwL
首先要簡單講講個時代背景先281Please respect copyright.PENANANS2xZSWTWa
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通向東方嘅貿易路線就咁畀班異教徒壟斷咗281Please respect copyright.PENANAtdZXOUbWeS
運往歐洲嘅香料茶葉以至各式各樣嘅東方商品281Please respect copyright.PENANAZiBDBFFrXQ
買少見少之餘亦都水漲船高281Please respect copyright.PENANAxhOCxAeead
其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅281Please respect copyright.PENANAfxZoarvR87
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙281Please respect copyright.PENANAkJqYKdrhMg
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下281Please respect copyright.PENANA8fhB2pIs4G
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙281Please respect copyright.PENANAq6p6v97bsN
1493年3月15日星期五中午 281Please respect copyright.PENANARI2XMNeaFa
哥倫布同佢捉返嚟嗰幾個“印度人”喺西班牙嘅帕洛斯港登岸281Please respect copyright.PENANAyiuOL6dPXP
斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦281Please respect copyright.PENANAugYJ85kNnD
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布281Please respect copyright.PENANAzWKqbezFol
跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報281Please respect copyright.PENANAC18wYHpQk7
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸281Please respect copyright.PENANANlz8y3TARj
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網281Please respect copyright.PENANAgy6uAD3wit
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦281Please respect copyright.PENANAoaWnEb9IPI
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞281Please respect copyright.PENANAY56Ro1jKKZ
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸281Please respect copyright.PENANA0xceHlAHHz
(佢個名“Amerigo”亦都成為呢塊新大陸嘅名“America”)281Please respect copyright.PENANALCu03IDwM6
咁既然唔係亞洲281Please respect copyright.PENANAfqKb33ARKU
自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料281Please respect copyright.PENANAwNbwdWwad7
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀281Please respect copyright.PENANAVXVAZwdpHB
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦281Please respect copyright.PENANAckiYiVB2Zp
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下281Please respect copyright.PENANA03xHk5Z7te
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇281Please respect copyright.PENANAlOxSYap67J
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時281Please respect copyright.PENANAcOkVQwGsXI
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地281Please respect copyright.PENANA0IQcXz7Wvx
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力281Please respect copyright.PENANAHnM3EH07QT
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累281Please respect copyright.PENANAwFvrU4yj5d
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖281Please respect copyright.PENANAdFKkVFRJq6
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗281Please respect copyright.PENANA5W1wu6kpNs
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多281Please respect copyright.PENANAYTZY2I3al3
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易281Please respect copyright.PENANArEiSPnFmHb
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水281Please respect copyright.PENANA3WPqCTlkEW
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度281Please respect copyright.PENANAXqR1MhcyFs
同環繞赤道一周差唔多281Please respect copyright.PENANAU4AOKz17mt
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲281Please respect copyright.PENANAdTNIJgqZvw
萬一有咩阻滯281Please respect copyright.PENANAeETXzihV7M
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道281Please respect copyright.PENANATLwHvSqx4v
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢281Please respect copyright.PENANAjCHyNEsxao
就仆得街喇281Please respect copyright.PENANA0v8jEFVwii
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年281Please respect copyright.PENANAW9NzgMt0Do
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得281Please respect copyright.PENANAjmSzpHAXjk
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天281Please respect copyright.PENANAtXHdKYFnFu
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非281Please respect copyright.PENANA30JCvPUPgG
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年281Please respect copyright.PENANA1Z0suhcLRW
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生281Please respect copyright.PENANA6ydkMIULlt
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺281Please respect copyright.PENANAtzzieDwHjA
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等281Please respect copyright.PENANAsXCu4avztj
(達伽馬第一次到達印度嘅航程,177個水手就有122個死於壞血病,包括佢個親兄弟)281Please respect copyright.PENANALRGEgOJvy9
另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支281Please respect copyright.PENANAjY7lObDvaH
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊281Please respect copyright.PENANAHr5kFsYwdw
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢281Please respect copyright.PENANAihDornfjsQ
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講281Please respect copyright.PENANAzQFHqs0VDd
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉281Please respect copyright.PENANAueW7k11TEz
就算食到都消化不良啦281Please respect copyright.PENANAUNEokiaQQn
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站281Please respect copyright.PENANAduaIFx9m5j
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向281Please respect copyright.PENANAelh81g3zFj
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞281Please respect copyright.PENANA4fSSOfyBZD
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多281Please respect copyright.PENANAJQSb6Sxmsq
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:281Please respect copyright.PENANAyt6biDvIy9
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢281Please respect copyright.PENANAGnqnvXrvaU
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫281Please respect copyright.PENANANH2M6oes9J
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近281Please respect copyright.PENANAWXa7PSCNRA
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎281Please respect copyright.PENANADJhcc9jPZW
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力281Please respect copyright.PENANA5ADDp3s8gs
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁281Please respect copyright.PENANAe8hAO4XVNa
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩281Please respect copyright.PENANAvsstjhEwRs
美洲有耕地281Please respect copyright.PENANAH8O1b0jjY4
非洲有人力281Please respect copyright.PENANA5fYhjNSxzw
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心281Please respect copyright.PENANAbLA32RA0A6
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦281Please respect copyright.PENANACJ5HBdTBJx
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢281Please respect copyright.PENANAwFN41Eq9ly
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼281Please respect copyright.PENANAIfmYN6EBJC
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢281Please respect copyright.PENANAAxIhpRkCeQ
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國281Please respect copyright.PENANAYsBH6xj1BD
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦281Please respect copyright.PENANAGpbrROS7E1
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行281Please respect copyright.PENANAD7bs6w2VZT
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣281Please respect copyright.PENANArc2V26xRh0
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴281Please respect copyright.PENANAwRJye05Xnd
由此激發各國投入人力物力281Please respect copyright.PENANAOLfIhXsJ11
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器281Please respect copyright.PENANArU75r8uWlD
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船281Please respect copyright.PENANACFcqurs6Ps
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展281Please respect copyright.PENANAgvmzyUljo4
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等281Please respect copyright.PENANAryH7UaL9pp
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話281Please respect copyright.PENANAyxifhiJpDO
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易281Please respect copyright.PENANADamq7JNxtD
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲281Please respect copyright.PENANAZUpJhvm9Ql為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度281Please respect copyright.PENANAOnIgKhBZR7
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:281Please respect copyright.PENANA0HMai2as8C
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?281Please respect copyright.PENANAJqXA78eLMx
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒281Please respect copyright.PENANAPAO0RcQf4g
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀281Please respect copyright.PENANAizELWPny8x
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢281Please respect copyright.PENANAY1nLMonDDR
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成281Please respect copyright.PENANAG5xq0kis1R
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉281Please respect copyright.PENANAxv0R9x6h1B
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現281Please respect copyright.PENANAJ20zqvVjLx
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲281Please respect copyright.PENANAihVTlijD3w
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉281Please respect copyright.PENANADZgvOd1W3U
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團281Please respect copyright.PENANAzVe4Em0r7o
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議281Please respect copyright.PENANAleYOUNXgym
準備選出新教宗喇281Please respect copyright.PENANA8Bga2qH6iq
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖281Please respect copyright.PENANAoFYmry2bBN
自16世紀起281Please respect copyright.PENANAc6QJMqBLQa
呢個小圈子選舉281Please respect copyright.PENANA5zYKM50XYO
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控281Please respect copyright.PENANA5CROpp3Vp7
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益281Please respect copyright.PENANAmmx7oG2YXz
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營281Please respect copyright.PENANAY8OGuwkURH
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤281Please respect copyright.PENANAVMtiwJW957
有時仲會大打出手281Please respect copyright.PENANAIHlgZ1NrIp
好似1605年3月嗰次281Please respect copyright.PENANAr1ZwoAAubA
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨281Please respect copyright.PENANA8SdGxcUBNU
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈281Please respect copyright.PENANAn9FGaSRNKA
不過呢個唔係今集重點281Please respect copyright.PENANASDcl8Bqlwq
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇281Please respect copyright.PENANA9pPEmyy9hN
我直接講個結果:281Please respect copyright.PENANA0dAK0caVxx
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗281Please respect copyright.PENANAJQnMDXuWPo
法號伍朋八世281Please respect copyright.PENANA91Ipx1URIS
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員281Please respect copyright.PENANAiaHxDoQXNx
…281Please respect copyright.PENANAe514nefFpt
..281Please respect copyright.PENANAnmdYFN6PhI
.281Please respect copyright.PENANAhBMECq3317
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???281Please respect copyright.PENANA7FbOsJPv5u
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦281Please respect copyright.PENANAOh1MgrKx4y
佢地其實係病死嘅281Please respect copyright.PENANAbZzTsn9U4W
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"281Please respect copyright.PENANA5HU9P4rbXN
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇281Please respect copyright.PENANAZrItQHJXaP
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播281Please respect copyright.PENANAeyIrZFjQu2
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時281Please respect copyright.PENANAODcfzjfa4l
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味281Please respect copyright.PENANAcIiFOYzk8w
係會令人發燒同病死281Please respect copyright.PENANAug7smws905
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾281Please respect copyright.PENANAJKqAWRjcwy
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後281Please respect copyright.PENANANaoTMSpFPG
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘281Please respect copyright.PENANAFulKrROkXw
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體281Please respect copyright.PENANACHiAA2KJXB
帶返去羅馬本土喇281Please respect copyright.PENANAmd7kqAHd43
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶281Please respect copyright.PENANA8r9LRkPMfG
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖281Please respect copyright.PENANArEVItK3ODc
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地281Please respect copyright.PENANAgLVM2vdR4H
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣281Please respect copyright.PENANA7vPzFqL2IC
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時281Please respect copyright.PENANAWr3ajx8Hyl
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命281Please respect copyright.PENANA7CMUrhvLjQ
額我略十五世唔遲唔早281Please respect copyright.PENANAk178bf6tDj
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋281Please respect copyright.PENANAJ4JfN4hJrz
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇281Please respect copyright.PENANAS6y8AWaubQ
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世281Please respect copyright.PENANA25SNfTTVSY
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召281Please respect copyright.PENANAPfXjrLlZsR
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦281Please respect copyright.PENANAmDe4BYQcUb
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病281Please respect copyright.PENANAvF544P1HWs
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史281Please respect copyright.PENANApAfNX348mn
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦281Please respect copyright.PENANAV1SzJifBxU
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾281Please respect copyright.PENANAnaYHGLt9k0
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法281Please respect copyright.PENANAOIceBFWVcV
真係唔醫好過醫281Please respect copyright.PENANAJjlpH1k8js
不過喺呢個大航海時代281Please respect copyright.PENANA1btSUS7OLK
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢281Please respect copyright.PENANAXjB6Gty5sv
16世紀起281Please respect copyright.PENANAjWOlkj4Ot3
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊281Please respect copyright.PENANAE5DPqXgDj1
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲281Please respect copyright.PENANAOEdqQeMXbP
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛281Please respect copyright.PENANAALcLd15gcs
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人281Please respect copyright.PENANAqKI1TYICbg
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣281Please respect copyright.PENANA21cAf7GvNo
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目281Please respect copyright.PENANAZbaZWFTq6L
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材281Please respect copyright.PENANAGblvdVMf4y
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英281Please respect copyright.PENANAhZxPUfNprw
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落281Please respect copyright.PENANAuNY5gtnN0N
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦281Please respect copyright.PENANAlKCfVfpw4i
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情281Please respect copyright.PENANAMCJm78HlTI
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....281Please respect copyright.PENANAKPyJEruOk8
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸281Please respect copyright.PENANArTNOuKMYAr
喺呢個地理大發現時代281Please respect copyright.PENANAjvQLpbg1iS
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置281Please respect copyright.PENANAiVjQDRBL5H
呢個故事嘅主要成份281Please respect copyright.PENANAKShz71w3Om
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初281Please respect copyright.PENANAbcvUQK07Sl
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬281Please respect copyright.PENANAbe7Cvy8L0a
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後281Please respect copyright.PENANAQhU58reLvh
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土281Please respect copyright.PENANASMeY0b7pQS
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就唔同咁講喇281Please respect copyright.PENANAtby3xOUWvN
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵281Please respect copyright.PENANA1R2MlIxLHY
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉281Please respect copyright.PENANAju9WFMNKFj
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病281Please respect copyright.PENANAAU0t2NfvXy
服從性有幾高可想而知281Please respect copyright.PENANAilolIntTa0
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫281Please respect copyright.PENANA2D4miZYO5L
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話281Please respect copyright.PENANAlFTnmNDlrm
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講281Please respect copyright.PENANAe3zgsgXjzd
無疑係甘上加甘281Please respect copyright.PENANAQpMHn7XIO3
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢281Please respect copyright.PENANAoDKXuJm0zb
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000281Please respect copyright.PENANArxxbNqxwMr
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度281Please respect copyright.PENANAUJkfiXFqWm
錢就使咗效果又冇281Please respect copyright.PENANAKa9xcosFFS
咁點搞?281Please respect copyright.PENANA57rGlWPtGM
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”281Please respect copyright.PENANADsvyIDe8CO
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案281Please respect copyright.PENANA2xtc1vUptf
作為糖嘅發源地281Please respect copyright.PENANAFRf48d2bSJ
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像281Please respect copyright.PENANAfGE65o7FB1
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右281Please respect copyright.PENANAlyjmEFjJFa
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官281Please respect copyright.PENANAJoQ5rpgwzB
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:281Please respect copyright.PENANAXnosruPxeQ
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧281Please respect copyright.PENANAdaBnrtvlsb
溶入高濃度糖水281Please respect copyright.PENANAzuVYo2dE6C
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮281Please respect copyright.PENANAvA9RNgcuob
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿281Please respect copyright.PENANA5zTkMvLasu
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度281Please respect copyright.PENANAJRko5QHIJJ
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇281Please respect copyright.PENANAye28wAOh1l
啲軍官再進一步281Please respect copyright.PENANAxiupPLytgg
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒281Please respect copyright.PENANAnyjAMumAMv
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
281Please respect copyright.PENANAdXkBG8fpwZ
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆281Please respect copyright.PENANAuBGLoI6vGg
法國人曾經試過用紅酒281Please respect copyright.PENANA8VFay6YL8A
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪281Please respect copyright.PENANA0k9ML6Qb4w
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水281Please respect copyright.PENANA2PJENwUKQX
味道完全唔融和281Please respect copyright.PENANA2JmI301J4u
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味281Please respect copyright.PENANAZDAyn5IcYy
後來研究發現281Please respect copyright.PENANAt3ftD9DovZ
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份281Please respect copyright.PENANApfc4HrSeD9
同奎寧結合成聚合體281Please respect copyright.PENANAaqgTt4tjMR
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道281Please respect copyright.PENANAxBarHJdoUc
呢個偶然嘅發現281Please respect copyright.PENANAK570piTxYZ
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎281Please respect copyright.PENANAr0AvbX0Qlj
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵281Please respect copyright.PENANAAJ9yLp6xZq
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧281Please respect copyright.PENANAr20rsjzY01
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥281Please respect copyright.PENANAHQCc6Ga5pL
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品281Please respect copyright.PENANApkmQlLh7Kn
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度281Please respect copyright.PENANAeAk3qdoFg5
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品281Please respect copyright.PENANAPIu77dtvtX
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)281Please respect copyright.PENANAOg2p810rIg
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水281Please respect copyright.PENANAyN1VRfdRNa
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水281Please respect copyright.PENANAkzjp1B01r1
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命281Please respect copyright.PENANA6E7dl3nSbl
例如喺1875年281Please respect copyright.PENANA2dFUTcj1LU
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率281Please respect copyright.PENANAJwnlOtm2GS
已經跌到去1.5%281Please respect copyright.PENANAr8RbkJ54HT
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面281Please respect copyright.PENANAmNKeALJUnC
下集會講吓281Please respect copyright.PENANATVuWDsoeTn
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥281Please respect copyright.PENANAFvRXEkEe5B
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運281Please respect copyright.PENANATZP8BcNbBO281Please respect copyright.PENANAavbyvCW2tq