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喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下82Please respect copyright.PENANA8JENFduMKY
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網82Please respect copyright.PENANABXzDuNb07v
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀82Please respect copyright.PENANAxFdMWWqwff
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美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇82Please respect copyright.PENANAmNUoJ0hpKK
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時82Please respect copyright.PENANAQdc1Al8kU6
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地82Please respect copyright.PENANAkcl6bUdshx
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力82Please respect copyright.PENANAzXjoHknrlr
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西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗82Please respect copyright.PENANAXbZvkTWb1G
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多82Please respect copyright.PENANANyA2KivWuq
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易82Please respect copyright.PENANAub4wj57cDJ
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水82Please respect copyright.PENANAgx5R8EXCWz
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同環繞赤道一周差唔多82Please respect copyright.PENANAYwPicpzQ2o
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食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢82Please respect copyright.PENANAUyfRwO0llm
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前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年82Please respect copyright.PENANAYsRx6AsS7G
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另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支82Please respect copyright.PENANAIXrVjx1358
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊82Please respect copyright.PENANAh2585Wp65q
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢82Please respect copyright.PENANAUYL1WvwVTj
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講82Please respect copyright.PENANAqi0XXPQetx
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉82Please respect copyright.PENANAXsR61rOrfQ
就算食到都消化不良啦82Please respect copyright.PENANAKXHgVep33X
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站82Please respect copyright.PENANA40aggvllD3
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向82Please respect copyright.PENANAVYN34Nrn3q
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞82Please respect copyright.PENANAgLnRP4bsJQ
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多82Please respect copyright.PENANA6b3hTQu90a
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:82Please respect copyright.PENANAJB51vbEr1Q
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢82Please respect copyright.PENANAN9AQKEwxZh
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫82Please respect copyright.PENANAesdGtdLrTN
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話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎82Please respect copyright.PENANAGASMczALJd
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力82Please respect copyright.PENANABg1rDS3vUz
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁82Please respect copyright.PENANAgOnq8Hicaj
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩82Please respect copyright.PENANAv4f6LhhmOB
美洲有耕地82Please respect copyright.PENANAulBYz43FlB
非洲有人力82Please respect copyright.PENANAFwS3Y97oXP
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就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦82Please respect copyright.PENANA6B0bqaTRZB
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢82Please respect copyright.PENANARr7iIdEQfP
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼82Please respect copyright.PENANAPaneY965eE
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢82Please respect copyright.PENANA0ciu9ioDBI
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國82Please respect copyright.PENANAmqFTCRa5FZ
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦82Please respect copyright.PENANASSVt4FjZ2R
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行82Please respect copyright.PENANAOA9dWLGAcr
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣82Please respect copyright.PENANAzWMmj4jhxQ
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴82Please respect copyright.PENANA6WD2FO5JQr
由此激發各國投入人力物力82Please respect copyright.PENANASUPcpTIrom
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器82Please respect copyright.PENANAGhzKt3Yl5x
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船82Please respect copyright.PENANAvnQX5IiXVc
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展82Please respect copyright.PENANAjOFkLb30a3
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咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易82Please respect copyright.PENANAbHo1W6KDNn
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲82Please respect copyright.PENANAtpm4VDSLcy為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度82Please respect copyright.PENANAUt7q7uqk8D
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:82Please respect copyright.PENANAXNR05mgIbY
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?82Please respect copyright.PENANAzp1QNhMinC
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒82Please respect copyright.PENANABAApiLpgZB
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀82Please respect copyright.PENANAYQxEXtyIYh
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢82Please respect copyright.PENANAqsH5PYiTVj
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成82Please respect copyright.PENANARQNk5ssXoA
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉82Please respect copyright.PENANAoukcVHYk8r
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現82Please respect copyright.PENANAjv8fLHUQYo
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲82Please respect copyright.PENANA07DPlnjDhW
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉82Please respect copyright.PENANAvdmhf1Jevj
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團82Please respect copyright.PENANATmRAGgenWD
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議82Please respect copyright.PENANA9tvdgDFbUr
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大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖82Please respect copyright.PENANABAIeEYdJCK
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呢個小圈子選舉82Please respect copyright.PENANAg1hfB3Jp5M
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控82Please respect copyright.PENANAQewsDy6EmZ
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益82Please respect copyright.PENANArFNTIF88MJ
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營82Please respect copyright.PENANAinio9z2LAB
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤82Please respect copyright.PENANA24ZQTPYJdB
有時仲會大打出手82Please respect copyright.PENANAbO8QHhYJcw
好似1605年3月嗰次82Please respect copyright.PENANAEdOhmdPv6Z
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨82Please respect copyright.PENANAnFC1L61mWz
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈82Please respect copyright.PENANAABYTw7Kz5I
不過呢個唔係今集重點82Please respect copyright.PENANATBfbZbWawN
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇82Please respect copyright.PENANA8JNixWisEO
我直接講個結果:82Please respect copyright.PENANAMB1MN4dWsg
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗82Please respect copyright.PENANAs4F1bWYliU
法號伍朋八世82Please respect copyright.PENANANgFA4PnMgz
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員82Please respect copyright.PENANAxpdIPUSfKD
…82Please respect copyright.PENANAj5LRL6iNe6
..82Please respect copyright.PENANA4XlduJFfjE
.82Please respect copyright.PENANAOYHrFLLWAE
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???82Please respect copyright.PENANAl3Z2c6L9QC
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦82Please respect copyright.PENANAEjk3n23PCG
佢地其實係病死嘅82Please respect copyright.PENANA8etpH5wPa8
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"82Please respect copyright.PENANA5qbiVbLCb2
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇82Please respect copyright.PENANAp0OexKLVuz
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播82Please respect copyright.PENANAPy4lOTlTM2
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時82Please respect copyright.PENANAvCvPt7JRgw
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味82Please respect copyright.PENANAtllptV9utI
係會令人發燒同病死82Please respect copyright.PENANAvE3fP6yQjx
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾82Please respect copyright.PENANAb2UqQI7NVR
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後82Please respect copyright.PENANA5KsM2ymGlt
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘82Please respect copyright.PENANAJzeXJjMnlt
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體82Please respect copyright.PENANAnj1XAZiaJ7
帶返去羅馬本土喇82Please respect copyright.PENANAlSIWDotHHs
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶82Please respect copyright.PENANAgGjYxTAUJ6
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖82Please respect copyright.PENANAHL5tOFbHoS
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地82Please respect copyright.PENANAC7P5N5QdAn
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣82Please respect copyright.PENANA19eaZAONLR
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時82Please respect copyright.PENANAyFoo7HYPdx
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命82Please respect copyright.PENANAWAfPo9JKrJ
額我略十五世唔遲唔早82Please respect copyright.PENANAcoijf1gsJE
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋82Please respect copyright.PENANAW017VFaP59
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇82Please respect copyright.PENANAzDSsDAUojE
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世82Please respect copyright.PENANAGXR8XctiQ7
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召82Please respect copyright.PENANAfiZgiENoo1
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦82Please respect copyright.PENANAfvgJiTDtby
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病82Please respect copyright.PENANAKKABYt4WrZ
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史82Please respect copyright.PENANA89HxSBTLPQ
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦82Please respect copyright.PENANAxWzuOWe6yM
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾82Please respect copyright.PENANAHMKoyJYZEN
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法82Please respect copyright.PENANAao0AzykkBJ
真係唔醫好過醫82Please respect copyright.PENANAtbcio9KHwu
不過喺呢個大航海時代82Please respect copyright.PENANAHcm7PQrUON
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢82Please respect copyright.PENANAKYSK1jTIuY
16世紀起82Please respect copyright.PENANAvRSUrLg8xh
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊82Please respect copyright.PENANAsl02EHQZrS
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲82Please respect copyright.PENANANqRANeEuE4
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛82Please respect copyright.PENANA24ilSoFeNI
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人82Please respect copyright.PENANAbJwBQDqKjX
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣82Please respect copyright.PENANAocDFbNIJ2k
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目82Please respect copyright.PENANANFkglPscNi
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材82Please respect copyright.PENANAgh3nAcnovg
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英82Please respect copyright.PENANAaOykVV5Os9
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落82Please respect copyright.PENANAqNv6Dnimqf
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦82Please respect copyright.PENANAkQrjnMOT17
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情82Please respect copyright.PENANAIoJMaG3EAG
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....82Please respect copyright.PENANAoc11EsQhPa
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸82Please respect copyright.PENANAAyLgxzvWcM
喺呢個地理大發現時代82Please respect copyright.PENANAgIGBP1LoWP
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置82Please respect copyright.PENANAZCZg39ThVE
呢個故事嘅主要成份82Please respect copyright.PENANAiAActjjod0
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初82Please respect copyright.PENANAdkela7apro
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬82Please respect copyright.PENANAUox4CDSqY6
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後82Please respect copyright.PENANAMNRrcXDgDJ
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土82Please respect copyright.PENANATfiVJJwI4c
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵82Please respect copyright.PENANAO2BgtZxb3j
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉82Please respect copyright.PENANAIV9Vyt2wZB
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病82Please respect copyright.PENANAvurW59TtCG
服從性有幾高可想而知82Please respect copyright.PENANA4pFbz2eMQ9
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫82Please respect copyright.PENANAC3c0SA34ux
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話82Please respect copyright.PENANAOOIEIFJ8V1
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講82Please respect copyright.PENANAWUBUakwkOc
無疑係甘上加甘82Please respect copyright.PENANAr1HvJ0yqoK
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢82Please respect copyright.PENANA8M67N1QH8q
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,00082Please respect copyright.PENANALl2sTdSfhD
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度82Please respect copyright.PENANAe2qGPRS5AP
錢就使咗效果又冇82Please respect copyright.PENANACVwqWK5VDw
咁點搞?82Please respect copyright.PENANAeVoQJGoGpg
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”82Please respect copyright.PENANAhtVXEHS1hF
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案82Please respect copyright.PENANAH0SsNJbEaa
作為糖嘅發源地82Please respect copyright.PENANAEMFp4AO96M
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像82Please respect copyright.PENANA3EFukleTnk
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右82Please respect copyright.PENANAYViUpIuyjO
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官82Please respect copyright.PENANAhy69S4vQ4Z
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:82Please respect copyright.PENANAxPdKl0uCXM
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧82Please respect copyright.PENANAI0zhXts5f5
溶入高濃度糖水82Please respect copyright.PENANAprs8ym5Trl
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮82Please respect copyright.PENANAK09kwoacMS
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿82Please respect copyright.PENANAm6uZaizsOi
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度82Please respect copyright.PENANAtgNhbXNisi
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇82Please respect copyright.PENANAmbr6dpWgJG
啲軍官再進一步82Please respect copyright.PENANAYmRuvZJfBB
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒82Please respect copyright.PENANAfbidnx0Ms0
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
82Please respect copyright.PENANAB4Sw5MARlF
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆82Please respect copyright.PENANAiMha4DwIJZ
法國人曾經試過用紅酒82Please respect copyright.PENANA6S5oPka3Ul
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪82Please respect copyright.PENANAN4YngV3h7R
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水82Please respect copyright.PENANA5k0t4noF3u
味道完全唔融和82Please respect copyright.PENANAnUTu3bbQgU
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味82Please respect copyright.PENANAUIDuF2dhv9
後來研究發現82Please respect copyright.PENANAFdNGoXXHYw
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份82Please respect copyright.PENANAn7trxWB4kj
同奎寧結合成聚合體82Please respect copyright.PENANAd0mh3Icugw
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道82Please respect copyright.PENANAzWZymyTOlC
呢個偶然嘅發現82Please respect copyright.PENANA0W2rJKDK7q
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎82Please respect copyright.PENANAqKj7O2fHbw
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵82Please respect copyright.PENANAfvRnqvdYBW
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧82Please respect copyright.PENANARwQrxpd75D
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥82Please respect copyright.PENANABXGhmlICSM
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品82Please respect copyright.PENANAVCDJEpn2tE
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度82Please respect copyright.PENANAksfz6u99C3
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品82Please respect copyright.PENANAMG0tNbCiwQ
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)82Please respect copyright.PENANAGFUktWF1Bm
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水82Please respect copyright.PENANANeeLHdKvMz
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水82Please respect copyright.PENANAmbHEKKsFL9
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命82Please respect copyright.PENANAPQt49r5Fbg
例如喺1875年82Please respect copyright.PENANAiNjMRjvTgo
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率82Please respect copyright.PENANAoPqKGlipS6
已經跌到去1.5%82Please respect copyright.PENANAfrcXezwshX
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面82Please respect copyright.PENANAVtWLnQUhCL
下集會講吓82Please respect copyright.PENANA9YboYe6hqP
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥82Please respect copyright.PENANA5xhww7jTEh
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運82Please respect copyright.PENANA0wP4xAuxc182Please respect copyright.PENANAocXc19eZa2