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同大家講吓呢個喺各大討論區久唔久都會問嘅問題282Please respect copyright.PENANA1Ydlb04bzV
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通向東方嘅貿易路線就咁畀班異教徒壟斷咗282Please respect copyright.PENANAnBZHdrFzMn
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其中畀人食水食得最甘嘅282Please respect copyright.PENANAm8zL4p2IsJ
就係距離中東最遠歐洲最西邊嗰兩隻牙282Please respect copyright.PENANAFay7tKSO69
喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下282Please respect copyright.PENANArNO807kMlw
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
首先傳嚟“好消息”嘅係西班牙282Please respect copyright.PENANAwli7LjNNW4
1493年3月15日星期五中午 282Please respect copyright.PENANA70aAJkLouJ
哥倫布同佢捉返嚟嗰幾個“印度人”喺西班牙嘅帕洛斯港登岸282Please respect copyright.PENANAK3Is3dqNLf
斐迪南同伊莎貝拉嗰兩公婆梗係開心到癲啦282Please respect copyright.PENANAZRWFbVDbJL
西班牙國王斐迪南同王后伊莎貝拉接見哥倫布282Please respect copyright.PENANAjuWF44F66w
跟住葡萄牙亦傳嚟捷報282Please respect copyright.PENANApoYIKYLFw8
華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸282Please respect copyright.PENANAHgv1AeMSuI
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網282Please respect copyright.PENANAoL4LPVbz58
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦282Please respect copyright.PENANAgfCKYstdmm
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞282Please respect copyright.PENANAk21b8y3QvP
證實咗哥倫布搵到嘅唔係亞洲而係全新嘅大陸282Please respect copyright.PENANAxKgMRLY6rv
(佢個名“Amerigo”亦都成為呢塊新大陸嘅名“America”)282Please respect copyright.PENANAr0A7wcfrwA
咁既然唔係亞洲282Please respect copyright.PENANAlHJvYreKfK
自然就唔會有好似胡椒肉桂呢啲比黃金仲值錢嘅香料282Please respect copyright.PENANAR5PmBBh5pq
好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀282Please respect copyright.PENANAKhdICDSGmL
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦282Please respect copyright.PENANADTJQJPIRGE
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下282Please respect copyright.PENANA6fOiWTAa72
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇282Please respect copyright.PENANAiGJ3LvRzy1
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時282Please respect copyright.PENANApgdGA0RZWP
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地282Please respect copyright.PENANA3mWUPp58Fx
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力282Please respect copyright.PENANAQx2sTSjcEa
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累282Please respect copyright.PENANAg50Ld3NAUp
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖282Please respect copyright.PENANACxfQmHJTlW
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗282Please respect copyright.PENANAsJF5I8ZzPG
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多282Please respect copyright.PENANAItgIFFznQs
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易282Please respect copyright.PENANAGikXlzRbSM
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水282Please respect copyright.PENANAGImVl1TCLS
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度282Please respect copyright.PENANASIIMeMaYOT
同環繞赤道一周差唔多282Please respect copyright.PENANAyIMRsE87RQ
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲282Please respect copyright.PENANAaKBZ4hPKG9
萬一有咩阻滯282Please respect copyright.PENANAkLqahxi5j8
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道282Please respect copyright.PENANAQ3oxjzlE1k
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢282Please respect copyright.PENANAvdWlLGOILy
就仆得街喇282Please respect copyright.PENANAxQSoJS5nWK
成隊船要喺東非呆等半年282Please respect copyright.PENANA11gjn6jpMG
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得282Please respect copyright.PENANAxEToNYzeYp
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天282Please respect copyright.PENANAuKQOitXuXj
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非282Please respect copyright.PENANAhyvC5x12Wn
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年282Please respect copyright.PENANA033mKYuQjq
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生282Please respect copyright.PENANAFbmnkSAM72
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺282Please respect copyright.PENANAi5KdPNsXZ8
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等282Please respect copyright.PENANAbgbTRWDI9J
(達伽馬第一次到達印度嘅航程,177個水手就有122個死於壞血病,包括佢個親兄弟)282Please respect copyright.PENANAYDrRmH4cBt
另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支282Please respect copyright.PENANAMDZNJwn6Gu
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊282Please respect copyright.PENANAmi01GrLkth
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢282Please respect copyright.PENANAovupXFfb1a
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講282Please respect copyright.PENANA751Ai2VnYa
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉282Please respect copyright.PENANAdy7YNh8QXF
就算食到都消化不良啦282Please respect copyright.PENANAnZvCIrcxZD
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站282Please respect copyright.PENANAVqR8KhhJKT
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向282Please respect copyright.PENANABA6I6qv4D4
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞282Please respect copyright.PENANAK22MVldZau
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多282Please respect copyright.PENANAqHSsqQjQIh
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:282Please respect copyright.PENANAJkurQURv1i
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢282Please respect copyright.PENANA3aQhmfMo4U
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫282Please respect copyright.PENANAV2xENvPgpK
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近282Please respect copyright.PENANA28RhW9cGkA
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎282Please respect copyright.PENANA2p9XBf40m4
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力282Please respect copyright.PENANAWGZ8yhMJxY
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁282Please respect copyright.PENANAC9atSyPH8A
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩282Please respect copyright.PENANAZ4qKk1wYs6
美洲有耕地282Please respect copyright.PENANAR9FqgmIKZa
非洲有人力282Please respect copyright.PENANAItnG28P2Dt
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心282Please respect copyright.PENANAkKNA5y27p9
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦282Please respect copyright.PENANAA47jn0uMLP
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢282Please respect copyright.PENANAa4gIAKSWv4
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼282Please respect copyright.PENANAjEGTlqgTz3
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢282Please respect copyright.PENANAHneVnt8Xbk
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國282Please respect copyright.PENANAl1O3eE0Grg
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦282Please respect copyright.PENANAQzHdasx3Jy
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行282Please respect copyright.PENANA9PrixmDeAj
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣282Please respect copyright.PENANAWWAn8GDwHN
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴282Please respect copyright.PENANAW0J5QLzVEQ
由此激發各國投入人力物力282Please respect copyright.PENANAZad2D0OBuv
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器282Please respect copyright.PENANAxAEbmkoAbJ
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船282Please respect copyright.PENANAW3wgszdTeZ
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展282Please respect copyright.PENANAZ7hZKmZMAH
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等282Please respect copyright.PENANAgezkrGDkpR
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話282Please respect copyright.PENANAHaxylk5oua
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易282Please respect copyright.PENANAGruEcm2PZm
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲282Please respect copyright.PENANA3CCbb25LRy為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度282Please respect copyright.PENANAQagl0F3FWG
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:282Please respect copyright.PENANAVcNxv3efik
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?282Please respect copyright.PENANArGMVwTdMVz
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒282Please respect copyright.PENANA3VlWEYNVE2
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀282Please respect copyright.PENANA9m03rBazsP
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢282Please respect copyright.PENANABHied1GuKV
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成282Please respect copyright.PENANAlWZAR4v9mc
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉282Please respect copyright.PENANAL2WwZtbPsh
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現282Please respect copyright.PENANA5B8b6kQOQA
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲282Please respect copyright.PENANA9hEUBKpBEw
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉282Please respect copyright.PENANAxRZmPKtIwo
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團282Please respect copyright.PENANAbB49bWCvx9
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議282Please respect copyright.PENANAuJsWnDzw18
準備選出新教宗喇282Please respect copyright.PENANAQmofHDcPHt
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖282Please respect copyright.PENANAzsWdHTDGRF
自16世紀起282Please respect copyright.PENANAMjAD1QdphB
呢個小圈子選舉282Please respect copyright.PENANAmilbGSuYvF
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控282Please respect copyright.PENANA1mE5sjFnVp
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益282Please respect copyright.PENANAKCemYbPkCh
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營282Please respect copyright.PENANAEKLgI0457l
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤282Please respect copyright.PENANAFe4R8iBJG9
有時仲會大打出手282Please respect copyright.PENANAqr93awbpbi
好似1605年3月嗰次282Please respect copyright.PENANAec3vlWOk6I
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨282Please respect copyright.PENANA923wGmGNZK
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈282Please respect copyright.PENANAcxB2WynBPD
不過呢個唔係今集重點282Please respect copyright.PENANACCAuC44Vzt
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇282Please respect copyright.PENANA32LygJbORP
我直接講個結果:282Please respect copyright.PENANAjIUdprP1AS
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗282Please respect copyright.PENANAQydr3Yw5Dt
法號伍朋八世282Please respect copyright.PENANAslA5SoacBe
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員282Please respect copyright.PENANA3vnDG30Gkg
…282Please respect copyright.PENANAyBmbgc1yHh
..282Please respect copyright.PENANAirxxq48BQ5
.282Please respect copyright.PENANAiijkVfJDgv
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???282Please respect copyright.PENANABdvtkFLyn5
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦282Please respect copyright.PENANAtlsdbl28rh
佢地其實係病死嘅282Please respect copyright.PENANA69lDur7rp3
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"282Please respect copyright.PENANA66FT6QQaT7
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇282Please respect copyright.PENANABdQkv7Li6g
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播282Please respect copyright.PENANANDAVdE57Ru
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時282Please respect copyright.PENANAwdXMaVXiKC
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味282Please respect copyright.PENANAAVen8SyDIP
係會令人發燒同病死282Please respect copyright.PENANA8nUo3Y72fJ
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾282Please respect copyright.PENANA8YRLm9TInG
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後282Please respect copyright.PENANAD5FXzA0hmS
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘282Please respect copyright.PENANAw383l4aTw1
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體282Please respect copyright.PENANAQGrlyVcbNu
帶返去羅馬本土喇282Please respect copyright.PENANAVz5w0ePOBX
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶282Please respect copyright.PENANAogo3Yu9EU1
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖282Please respect copyright.PENANAFpKMqHZoxt
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地282Please respect copyright.PENANAg24xO0Atqn
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣282Please respect copyright.PENANAgUmJVpl8VW
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時282Please respect copyright.PENANA6bGDRYg2Cf
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命282Please respect copyright.PENANAt3J7YsTdDh
額我略十五世唔遲唔早282Please respect copyright.PENANANOjXpu7lyl
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋282Please respect copyright.PENANA3cVBskM3bI
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇282Please respect copyright.PENANAvP6CEDbS6h
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世282Please respect copyright.PENANAKFYNTFCXuE
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召282Please respect copyright.PENANAbaJxIB1mKk
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦282Please respect copyright.PENANABZwrDYvOu9
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病282Please respect copyright.PENANAhVSvH5UcP6
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史282Please respect copyright.PENANAbFbSeAfG2H
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦282Please respect copyright.PENANAxLkVPSBsey
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾282Please respect copyright.PENANA8P3p6Rxht9
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法282Please respect copyright.PENANAx1P7n6xoH6
真係唔醫好過醫282Please respect copyright.PENANAhCAppPe1aD
不過喺呢個大航海時代282Please respect copyright.PENANAFBWZaeWrrK
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢282Please respect copyright.PENANAllmxgWraNY
16世紀起282Please respect copyright.PENANAB596Wb3JHo
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊282Please respect copyright.PENANArHJOw3N3Yz
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲282Please respect copyright.PENANAGkJWvRE03D
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛282Please respect copyright.PENANAh4tgO17xvX
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人282Please respect copyright.PENANAWA21DPJWCy
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣282Please respect copyright.PENANA8sdNndByQi
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目282Please respect copyright.PENANAGS5SNweiYF
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材282Please respect copyright.PENANAYufruHjTce
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英282Please respect copyright.PENANA6gS0avfRlI
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落282Please respect copyright.PENANAZxTR4pXtMA
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦282Please respect copyright.PENANAIYeuRoEUUK
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情282Please respect copyright.PENANA77PrAvB0gU
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....282Please respect copyright.PENANApOFvQxldrN
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸282Please respect copyright.PENANAlb3gf5xLFj
喺呢個地理大發現時代282Please respect copyright.PENANAGsCTOBKNW7
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置282Please respect copyright.PENANAf0MwoJ7RJK
呢個故事嘅主要成份282Please respect copyright.PENANAKof7tWzjUW
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初282Please respect copyright.PENANAOLVcH0PrDC
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬282Please respect copyright.PENANAkxu0BnSsMH
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後282Please respect copyright.PENANAeREJPz0ZM7
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土282Please respect copyright.PENANALnAoJZYfGs
就畀西班牙殖民者建立起一個又一個嘅果園﹑酒莊同農場282Please respect copyright.PENANAz4gVUT5WKX
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就唔同咁講喇282Please respect copyright.PENANAPu8HqDYoLG
要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵282Please respect copyright.PENANAP6iuL5SpOw
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉282Please respect copyright.PENANAaWbLd89FfR
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病282Please respect copyright.PENANAi7BoikR0oE
服從性有幾高可想而知282Please respect copyright.PENANAwTdII2wjvT
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫282Please respect copyright.PENANARfVy0HqrlP
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話282Please respect copyright.PENANAUe4NkljpMn
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講282Please respect copyright.PENANAjsTmumx8Oc
無疑係甘上加甘282Please respect copyright.PENANAFKtynxGrWJ
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢282Please respect copyright.PENANAIg2k0juOg1
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000282Please respect copyright.PENANAoQCi4Egtei
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度282Please respect copyright.PENANAgmVKTANw5x
錢就使咗效果又冇282Please respect copyright.PENANAX6sys2X9t4
咁點搞?282Please respect copyright.PENANAK4YCtKpqKl
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”282Please respect copyright.PENANAiHp0ogmm4m
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案282Please respect copyright.PENANAwaKZjrzFRl
作為糖嘅發源地282Please respect copyright.PENANAhf9sWneuqR
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像282Please respect copyright.PENANAGYNVZtcx4v
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右282Please respect copyright.PENANAgK5VZsOmOW
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官282Please respect copyright.PENANAVv66sflWYn
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:282Please respect copyright.PENANAXl6jg34TLx
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧282Please respect copyright.PENANAYu8tlr2Ciu
溶入高濃度糖水282Please respect copyright.PENANAydP9HyvBKA
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮282Please respect copyright.PENANAzjMk9lv0gs
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿282Please respect copyright.PENANAJCGG7Ve3HA
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度282Please respect copyright.PENANAYuTm6Fi3TY
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇282Please respect copyright.PENANA4s0cw3vcbH
啲軍官再進一步282Please respect copyright.PENANAj9u9ySAFaS
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒282Please respect copyright.PENANA1cIwOFYO1r
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
282Please respect copyright.PENANA5FTr2dzgfK
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆282Please respect copyright.PENANAsj6s7VtRi8
法國人曾經試過用紅酒282Please respect copyright.PENANADtNssiD399
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪282Please respect copyright.PENANAa954JvfziL
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水282Please respect copyright.PENANA66Fh2dtvTi
味道完全唔融和282Please respect copyright.PENANA5zwDQ3Su6i
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味282Please respect copyright.PENANA51LGHjGbXz
後來研究發現282Please respect copyright.PENANAIIRw0vbGs5
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份282Please respect copyright.PENANAsaMn77qRn2
同奎寧結合成聚合體282Please respect copyright.PENANAOV0f649iIh
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道282Please respect copyright.PENANAukVPkkvLi7
呢個偶然嘅發現282Please respect copyright.PENANAB1PaLg6QI5
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎282Please respect copyright.PENANAz2ofW6mTPp
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵282Please respect copyright.PENANAt4oXBbUFJr
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧282Please respect copyright.PENANA0tYgtdWHDR
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥282Please respect copyright.PENANAslw3PUvCh2
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品282Please respect copyright.PENANAQr8NykykUB
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度282Please respect copyright.PENANAmzkr0SkAc8
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品282Please respect copyright.PENANAgPrhkvCpv0
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)282Please respect copyright.PENANAl4LlMMaZQZ
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水282Please respect copyright.PENANAitvHbLKu44
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水282Please respect copyright.PENANAoFEhzFBL6c
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命282Please respect copyright.PENANACldruDhWHG
例如喺1875年282Please respect copyright.PENANAL5h55XivNI
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率282Please respect copyright.PENANATMMd9v2aqt
已經跌到去1.5%282Please respect copyright.PENANAaQLLdBDLbd
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面282Please respect copyright.PENANAz5EVGsUjWV
下集會講吓282Please respect copyright.PENANA45UPSIBeED
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥282Please respect copyright.PENANAlM66YUQHzj
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運282Please respect copyright.PENANAuju5J9Y6tS282Please respect copyright.PENANA1YTvSaWUE4