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喺咁大嘅經濟誘因下186Please respect copyright.PENANAd3f2RoCXms
呢對牙就踏上尋找繞過中東直奔遠東之路喇
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華士古·達伽馬喺1498年繞過非洲最南端嘅好望角到達印度嘅西岸186Please respect copyright.PENANA1JhFsfTfLj
從此葡萄牙就連上咗本身已經非常蓬勃嘅印度洋貿易網186Please respect copyright.PENANAShHo5YzcJG
開始大國崛起之路喇(好似係)
事情就梗係唔會咁一帆風順啦186Please respect copyright.PENANA06AaTvmWTh
意大利航海家亞美利哥·韋斯普奇喺1506年到達南美洲最南面嘅巴塔哥尼亞186Please respect copyright.PENANADMbnTwD5sI
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好彩呢度啲生番唔知點解有好多黃金白銀186Please respect copyright.PENANASEWSMoxKKX
唉唔理喇殺晒班生番攞晒啲黃金先再講啦186Please respect copyright.PENANArTl41AyrPC
就係咁喺槍炮同病毒嘅幫助下186Please respect copyright.PENANAFevP95arXV
美洲三大帝國同佢地九成以上嘅國民就灰飛煙滅喇186Please respect copyright.PENANABzfo20GVAA
不過當人又殺晒金又攞盡時186Please respect copyright.PENANA2VXYi84F6I
西班牙佬面對咁大撻殖民地186Please respect copyright.PENANAHHz5Fs8Fbx
日常管理開墾探索全部都要人力財力186Please respect copyright.PENANAVri7MjFBqf
攞到咁多地反而成為咗負累186Please respect copyright.PENANAqOzKBpAemm
第一代日不落帝國最頂盛時期版圖186Please respect copyright.PENANAlPO4TKD6hG
西班牙國王菲臘二世喺葡萄牙王位繼承戰贏咗186Please respect copyright.PENANADa8JRHsvZE
吞埋葡萄牙啲殖民地(除咗澳門)
至於葡萄牙情況都唔好得幾多186Please respect copyright.PENANA36L5cHUZwP
雖然繞過鄂圖曼直接同東方交易186Please respect copyright.PENANACYDR3WToQI
可以食少幾浸中間人抽水186Please respect copyright.PENANArH9vNrZemK
不過來回里斯本至印度西岸果亞嘅航線長度186Please respect copyright.PENANA5cdFn99kFe
同環繞赤道一周差唔多186Please respect copyright.PENANAF3gJq2UyCU
成個航程好彩嘅就一年鬆啲186Please respect copyright.PENANAqyhXmGUNO2
萬一有咩阻滯186Please respect copyright.PENANAoNph0ymqGU
船隊趕唔切喺8月尾前趕到赤道186Please respect copyright.PENANAr6eyHBNTA0
食唔到最後嗰浸由東非吹向印度嘅季候風呢186Please respect copyright.PENANAzcbeN6pPOT
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成隊船要喺東非呆等半年186Please respect copyright.PENANAiEYsyJ0N9g
到下一年嘅春季起風先行得186Please respect copyright.PENANAt0XJSKZeNn
跟住去到印度又要等到冬天186Please respect copyright.PENANATejuMZQZew
啲季候風先會轉向吹去東非186Please respect copyright.PENANAtuL0uqJDox
前前後後成個航程會耽誤多足足一年186Please respect copyright.PENANAVq4VmiaMrl
而航程咁長咁耐真係咩事都可以發生186Please respect copyright.PENANAtOIRe4UFrv
成程船又要驚風暴擱淺186Please respect copyright.PENANAds2KbQsvWC
又要驚海盜、壞血病等等等等186Please respect copyright.PENANAd3FomCdlj1
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另外非洲沿岸設置大大小小上百個補給點同貿易站嘅防守維護開支186Please respect copyright.PENANAtcO0GxZxCD
加上佢個強鄰兼死敵西班牙又處處圍堵追擊186Please respect copyright.PENANAgNsmJETwhx
呢啲嘢加加埋埋都幾係嘢186Please respect copyright.PENANAxKCm9ndEWu
對葡萄牙呢個小國嚟講186Please respect copyright.PENANA0nVHy9XU6l
印度洋貿易呢嚿肥豬肉186Please respect copyright.PENANA51ZT1WNvVC
就算食到都消化不良啦186Please respect copyright.PENANA516dB9euWr
15世紀葡萄牙喺非洲沿岸建立嘅貿易站186Please respect copyright.PENANAFamNvVqCLV
成個印度洋嘅貿易航線完全取決於唔同時節嘅季候風向186Please respect copyright.PENANAPuKem05vcA
就咁睇呢種新興嘅殖民事業都幾惡搞186Please respect copyright.PENANArWRZB02ZOP
不過正所謂辦法總比困難多186Please respect copyright.PENANAP1ZfvqRl93
呢對歡喜冤家都不約而同望向同一個地方:186Please respect copyright.PENANAAoVzl0uTn6
非洲
當初搞咁多嘢186Please respect copyright.PENANAla8f6k7Sgr
目的都係想得到香料茶葉甘蔗呢啲歐洲種唔到嘅農作物啫186Please respect copyright.PENANAomzNXPXS5a
咁既然新大陸嘅氣候同東方咁接近186Please respect copyright.PENANA7jyr8psBmA
話唔定可以攞嚟種番呢啲農產品㗎喎186Please respect copyright.PENANAjEit79WUvD
雖然成個美洲啲生番都死得八八九九冇晒勞動力186Please respect copyright.PENANAUOo31kgGAH
不過非洲啲黑鬼個個都大大隻隻咁186Please respect copyright.PENANAdgmCf6mUJX
運啲過去美洲種嘢唔係就fit晒喇咩186Please respect copyright.PENANA1arZwTeVzh
美洲有耕地186Please respect copyright.PENANAqp8TaOYPvE
非洲有人力186Please respect copyright.PENANAIiiMHJb8zB
而歐洲就有槍炮、需求同野心186Please respect copyright.PENANAi4xJhakQAL
就咁喺1525年歐洲人開始喺非洲捉啲黑鬼過美洲種嘢同開礦186Please respect copyright.PENANAiO6uD5C0ox
然後將各類原材料運返去歐洲加工賺錢186Please respect copyright.PENANAmRwt2hqxMI
再用啲錢嚟請人買武器去非洲捉更多嘅黑鬼186Please respect copyright.PENANAJV6sKZTxzF
西班牙同葡萄牙開始賺取佢地以往無法想像嘅錢186Please respect copyright.PENANAjO6plgg3bu
英國、法國、荷蘭、瑞典等等傳統同新興強國186Please respect copyright.PENANAsjNSQD5p7h
見到咁好賺就梗係叉隻腳埋嚟啦186Please respect copyright.PENANA27xsXqg1ye
隨住呢種名為“三角貿易”嘅經濟模式盛行186Please respect copyright.PENANAUIzx2jgrPq
各國加速佔據非洲沿岸嘅各個河口海灣186Please respect copyright.PENANAGrzklnkz9b
務求搶奪更多嘅黑奴186Please respect copyright.PENANArFedbSscX7
由此激發各國投入人力物力186Please respect copyright.PENANAFbkGLIejkW
研究更先進更精密嘅航海儀器186Please respect copyright.PENANAhH2r1RsJUh
製造更多更大更快武裝更強嘅船186Please respect copyright.PENANACQE8OuYMGz
西方科技自始得到長足嘅發展186Please respect copyright.PENANAQOvLbFg0OL
天文學、機械工程、物流、金融等等等等186Please respect copyright.PENANAScxOwvVFZd
如果文藝復興係人類脫離愚昧嘅開端嘅話186Please respect copyright.PENANAlC8P24LQ52
咁壯闊波瀾嘅“大航海時代”就係現代文明嘅奠基石喇
三角貿易186Please respect copyright.PENANAXiEf9DZzPT
250年間有超過兩千萬黑鬼運咗去美洲186Please respect copyright.PENANAvHrNxDsda4為日後BLM埋下伏線
睇到呢度186Please respect copyright.PENANAsNESbYqCKu
相信各位聰明嘅小朋友都會有個疑問:186Please respect copyright.PENANAvXuO9nzRyr
乜非洲冇地畀佢地種嘢咩?186Please respect copyright.PENANAwNVHJAcbkr
做乜嗰時啲歐洲佬咁撚笨柒186Please respect copyright.PENANAWFIajgaVyC
要山長水遠由非洲運啲黑鬼過美洲呀186Please respect copyright.PENANA7kpDaBnLdf
呢樣正正就係今集要講嘅嘢186Please respect copyright.PENANARHngvbt5wL
歷史係由一連串唔相關嘅偶然所組成186Please respect copyright.PENANAvbDoWqyEjl
而家就講講喺17世紀一場教宗選舉186Please respect copyright.PENANAJV1yERnObK
同一個喺南美安第斯山脈雨林嘅科學發現186Please respect copyright.PENANAcKf4Tgxkds
係點樣喺非洲引發一場持續百年嘅風暴
1623年7月8號教宗額我略十五世病逝享年69歲186Please respect copyright.PENANARm5yXMbTdu
哦唔緊要咁咪選過個囉186Please respect copyright.PENANAFufHGcpDgJ
於是由54個樞機組成嘅樞機團186Please respect copyright.PENANAPvjhDTK9ER
喺7月16號舉行教宗選舉秘密會議186Please respect copyright.PENANAGOSWdOnr6j
準備選出新教宗喇186Please respect copyright.PENANAULsbera2hq
大公教樞機團選老坐示意圖186Please respect copyright.PENANA8U7WV7CQbP
自16世紀起186Please respect copyright.PENANA1GGPlgooFI
呢個小圈子選舉186Please respect copyright.PENANAOk5KxanrNk
就畀波旁同哈布斯堡呢兩個大公教勢力操控186Please respect copyright.PENANAIZf9E1W1y4
啲樞機會根據自己家族嘅利益186Please respect copyright.PENANAASo5rqi1XM
大致分為親法國同親西班牙兩大陣營186Please respect copyright.PENANAOY86QMNoU9
每次選辦事人時都會拗得面紅耳赤186Please respect copyright.PENANA8SAbqSocBA
有時仲會大打出手186Please respect copyright.PENANAmVmIKXCD4c
好似1605年3月嗰次186Please respect copyright.PENANAI1lH5Pi6fd
就有個樞機開會時畀人開拖打斷咗幾條骨186Please respect copyright.PENANAZrMhfzfT9K
今次個競爭一樣係咁激烈186Please respect copyright.PENANAf7074iovRy
不過呢個唔係今集重點186Please respect copyright.PENANALYgLrC3pbv
所以就唔花太多篇幅去講喇186Please respect copyright.PENANAp8S2GAmSgQ
我直接講個結果:186Please respect copyright.PENANA0yCu2EsdyK
半死嘅馬費奧·巴貝里尼當選為第235任教宗186Please respect copyright.PENANA1CbUxUnKRq
法號伍朋八世186Please respect copyright.PENANAFw2oafBYSY
而成場選舉最後死咗8個樞機同30個神職人員186Please respect copyright.PENANAtOEBjXMvUN
…186Please respect copyright.PENANABSIHXSOm78
..186Please respect copyright.PENANA8ic43Pi1Qm
.186Please respect copyright.PENANA6cQxNHWZ2T
開個會啫唔使死吓嘛???186Please respect copyright.PENANAL1D2U011qd
咩事搞到咁大壇呀?
伍朋八世
班老嘢就梗係唔係玩往死裏打咁激動啦186Please respect copyright.PENANALdvsPSjzoQ
佢地其實係病死嘅186Please respect copyright.PENANAnEs76UIDBk
喺呢度要教大家一個中世紀意大利名詞
"Mal'Aria"
直譯就係"bad air""腐敗嘅空氣"186Please respect copyright.PENANA0o86KaCSur
即係現代所講嘅"瘧疾(Malaria)"喇186Please respect copyright.PENANA3deqD9ZMKi
舊時啲人唔知瘧疾係由蚊傳播186Please respect copyright.PENANAMZprSn1L96
佢地只係知每當天氣熱時186Please respect copyright.PENANAUDWzI5yRoe
沼澤腐爛動植物嘅氣味186Please respect copyright.PENANAl5Cd3gJ5IK
係會令人發燒同病死186Please respect copyright.PENANAty0DSotHdv
呢個就係"Malaria"呢個字嘅由來喇
中國古籍記載喺嶺南雲貴川地區嘅"瘴氣"其實都係指瘧疾186Please respect copyright.PENANAipRdaC50ZU
呢個係唔同文化嘅人觀察自然現象有共通之處嘅其中一個例子
自古羅馬帝國喺布匿戰爭消滅北非嘅迦太基後186Please respect copyright.PENANAHJHmjXq7Cv
羅馬士兵就將迦太基城入面嘅金銀財寶男女戰俘186Please respect copyright.PENANA6yGxKWvJix
以及戰俘身體入面嘅瘧疾病原體186Please respect copyright.PENANAGMgqwXkrzU
帶返去羅馬本土喇186Please respect copyright.PENANAOgvwbTpAyq
羅馬城本身係建築喺台伯河嘅沼澤地帶186Please respect copyright.PENANAyfjLyTRqCD
帶有瘧疾嘅蚊正好喺呢啲地方大量繁殖186Please respect copyright.PENANAqpL1k1bGYv
再經羅馬帝國發達嘅公路網傳遍歐洲各地186Please respect copyright.PENANAoZjBPQRfQz
自此瘧疾就好似迦太基亡靈施加喺羅馬嘅詛咒一樣186Please respect copyright.PENANArS3txKsstr
每年夏天炎熱潮濕時186Please respect copyright.PENANAnU7Mp7rVIZ
呢個持續上千年嘅詛咒都會出嚟索命186Please respect copyright.PENANAJCJvno3JW0
額我略十五世唔遲唔早186Please respect copyright.PENANAUhKcuY57Dt
啱啱好就喺羅馬城最熱最潮濕嘅季節釘蓋186Please respect copyright.PENANAKSEtnWNP7A
今次算班樞機唔好彩喇186Please respect copyright.PENANATQVfockDTV
同樣中招病到半死嘅伍朋八世186Please respect copyright.PENANAIwexIaOqai
見到咁多同佢一樣本身位高權重嘅樞機蒙主寵召186Please respect copyright.PENANAOCoA42nRXd
梗係嚇到鼻哥窿都冇肉啦186Please respect copyright.PENANApuuggqPLZF
佢下令要根治呢種沼澤毒氣所引發嘅疾病186Please respect copyright.PENANAlAumaV4jFx
咁嗰時計呢隻嘢都已經成千年歷史186Please respect copyright.PENANA0PTAMTSQnB
當然唔會係阿教宗話要根治就根治到啦186Please respect copyright.PENANA8xh31BDNag
中世紀時啲醫生醫瘧疾186Please respect copyright.PENANAPSXDOoQDyj
都係用好似放血呀截肢呀呢啲聽落似酷刑多啲嘅方法186Please respect copyright.PENANAyISPoC2sT4
真係唔醫好過醫186Please respect copyright.PENANA1NEgjM2geZ
不過喺呢個大航海時代186Please respect copyright.PENANAjVaauNYWsW
的確提供咗更多更好嘅可能性畀佢186Please respect copyright.PENANAi7vbfkaFOt
16世紀起186Please respect copyright.PENANAojwxyka41s
耶穌會嘅傳教士跟隨住西班牙同葡萄牙嘅艦隊186Please respect copyright.PENANA4iVyPHjKQZ
去到美洲﹑非洲以至亞洲186Please respect copyright.PENANAU64mRqgvHq
大量教廷嘅爪牙深入各地擴張教廷嘅影響力傳播上帝嘅愛186Please respect copyright.PENANAf6WmWk8oEO
呢啲傳教士並唔係普通嘅人186Please respect copyright.PENANAhTQk7xAFSo
嗰時嘅神學同而家嘅醫科﹑精算一樣186Please respect copyright.PENANAWCSLHgOxLA
都係最炙手可熱嘅科目186Please respect copyright.PENANAgbBS6y4K3q
讀得嘅都係社會上最精英嗰批人材186Please respect copyright.PENANA2q8CKs092j
派得出去傳教嘅更加係精英中嘅精英186Please respect copyright.PENANA3kvtnhznAG
呢啲咁聰明嘅腦袋去到世界唔同嘅角落186Please respect copyright.PENANAlckAfI8e7t
當然就唔會甘於淨係傳教咁簡單啦186Please respect copyright.PENANAahcMsYqwLK
佢地藉呢個機會研究唔同地方嘅風土人情186Please respect copyright.PENANAJQdPGSmHDR
地理﹑生物學﹑語言學﹑醫藥....186Please respect copyright.PENANAqlNbnYrv58
西方嘅眼界再唔局限喺歐亞大陸186Please respect copyright.PENANAX06bJ6zmYV
喺呢個地理大發現時代186Please respect copyright.PENANAab9HxGf433
呢啲耶撚的確佔咗一個相當重要嘅位置186Please respect copyright.PENANA2faFhyy1AK
呢個故事嘅主要成份186Please respect copyright.PENANAJqxzIa0fPR
就係由呢班耶撚所發現㗎喇
間返返去十七世紀初186Please respect copyright.PENANAUBdWJn2ZPo
地點係秘魯總督區嘅首府利馬186Please respect copyright.PENANAw0tCMvW8pN
自1535年西班牙佬征服呢度嘅印加人後186Please respect copyright.PENANAcp73ibBY2N
呢塊位處於安第斯山脈同太平洋之間嘅沃土186Please respect copyright.PENANAi6EnMSnmUl
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要班盲字都唔識多隻嘅大兵186Please respect copyright.PENANAU7uA1hcwZ3
每日食啲苦到可以當催吐劑嘅藥粉186Please respect copyright.PENANAq1LBWQidAO
去“預防”一種佢地未經歷過嘅疾病186Please respect copyright.PENANAspQAqb2uig
服從性有幾高可想而知186Please respect copyright.PENANAfqZ5o7G8xY
雖然中咗瘧疾都會有藥醫186Please respect copyright.PENANAcXcCCIKy2Z
不過成個殖民地枕住有一堆士兵臥病在床嘅話186Please respect copyright.PENANAeAbloSkenZ
咁對本身已經好甘嘅殖民地維護開支嚟講186Please respect copyright.PENANACCxoM4pMLA
無疑係甘上加甘186Please respect copyright.PENANAjlbmmT8fIh
要知道各國喺瘧疾預防上可謂大灑金錢186Please respect copyright.PENANAa09g0jeChJ
例如英國每年就使咗超過£60,000186Please respect copyright.PENANA9yf1Cvks8l
即係折合現時大概七千幾萬港紙喺預防性奎寧配給度186Please respect copyright.PENANAHluzW1gicN
錢就使咗效果又冇186Please respect copyright.PENANAmRLsoPBNm9
咁點搞?186Please respect copyright.PENANAZYwB6gwA9N
“嗚...條女冇咗lu...”186Please respect copyright.PENANAV2EK38u5Xg
法國“勸喻”殖民地士兵每日服用奎寧嘅海報
英國人喺印度搵到答案186Please respect copyright.PENANA0hu4lpx2Wm
作為糖嘅發源地186Please respect copyright.PENANA6XEBuFoYcT
印度人用糖嘅程度超乎常人想像186Please respect copyright.PENANAJDTHNy8oPj
(食過印度甜品都會知點解)
喺1850年左右186Please respect copyright.PENANArRcucvCj9X
英國東印度公司駐孟買嘅軍官186Please respect copyright.PENANABntFkqvYct
開始流行一種服用奎寧嘅方法:186Please respect copyright.PENANAMWBdRPGU4f
佢地將每日配給到嘅奎寧186Please respect copyright.PENANAEqZ4SBho1I
溶入高濃度糖水186Please respect copyright.PENANACfPkZsb7qC
再加啲檸檬汁同檸檬皮186Please respect copyright.PENANA61gZ16P6qW
製成風味獨特嘅奎寧糖漿186Please respect copyright.PENANA4taV2apEX3
將呢啲糖漿稀釋成合適嘅甜度186Please respect copyright.PENANAwYalP5t1ml
就成為現今湯力水(Tonic water)嘅雛形喇186Please respect copyright.PENANAQtmhVRyexp
啲軍官再進一步186Please respect copyright.PENANAtfxDxvHPVf
用呢啲湯力水勾兌當時平到可以當水飲嘅氈酒186Please respect copyright.PENANAdxNKapiA8c
一款苦中帶甜、清新爽口嘅雞尾酒就誕生喇
186Please respect copyright.PENANAzroSjn5E8M
用氈酒嚟溝湯力水可以話係神來之筆186Please respect copyright.PENANAJXR6SRCbuL
法國人曾經試過用紅酒186Please respect copyright.PENANArs8c92CMjl
不過溝出嚟嘅味道好怪186Please respect copyright.PENANAFOVOCYPUTP
只係似加咗糖而帶強烈苦澀味嘅藥水186Please respect copyright.PENANArcNkBdJiWJ
味道完全唔融和186Please respect copyright.PENANAbGqXCKh3jU
而平價嘅氈酒出奇地掩蓋到奎寧嘅苦味186Please respect copyright.PENANA6RGEu2iKEn
後來研究發現186Please respect copyright.PENANAURVh9L8BBS
原來係氈酒入面杜松子嘅成份186Please respect copyright.PENANAYE3oyVPyl9
同奎寧結合成聚合體186Please respect copyright.PENANAzJoZV1JK7W
大幅改變奎寧嘅味道186Please respect copyright.PENANA3YMMS7Zh93
呢個偶然嘅發現186Please respect copyright.PENANA4AZ9L8odpK
都可以當做呢篇非洲血淚史嘅一個小小嘅註腳嘅
呢款充滿異國風情、被稱為“Gin & Tonic”嘅雞尾酒即時大受歡迎186Please respect copyright.PENANAizGXibBQbg
佢嘅配方通過水手同退役歸國嘅官兵186Please respect copyright.PENANAp0ZtgP9PTr
傳遍各殖民地以至歐陸各國嘅酒吧186Please respect copyright.PENANAZrowYFPPSS
一時間奎寧就由難以下嚥嘅苦藥186Please respect copyright.PENANAAeJyX5kurr
變成社交場合必備嘅飲品186Please respect copyright.PENANA1IvcNMb7OQ
湯力水受歡迎嘅程度186Please respect copyright.PENANAzMc35dqJs3
甚至開始有公司改良同製作商業產品186Please respect copyright.PENANALRTV0O2bXI
好似發明樽裝梳打水嘅Schweppes(玉泉)186Please respect copyright.PENANAA4emt1mYVs
就喺1870年將奎寧糖漿加入樽裝梳打水186Please respect copyright.PENANAzBESEIbxbe
成為方便攜帶飲用嘅有汽湯力水186Please respect copyright.PENANAqpFrQ99Mds
唔同時期嘅Schweppes湯力水樽
奎寧的確拯救咗好多英國以至歐洲人嘅命186Please respect copyright.PENANAJX95DYFSm2
例如喺1875年186Please respect copyright.PENANAHRy6hUsGaq
英軍喺塞拉利昂嘅死亡率186Please respect copyright.PENANAs3PGbxRZej
已經跌到去1.5%186Please respect copyright.PENANAw1J38nwpOC
不過正所謂每個銀仔都有兩面186Please respect copyright.PENANAdhUQax1orJ
下集會講吓186Please respect copyright.PENANAHT0dc9Tvcf
呢隻邱吉爾口中所講救人無數嘅聖藥186Please respect copyright.PENANAyUPbcNVvyb
係點樣改寫無數非洲人嘅命運186Please respect copyright.PENANAWLpinl25Bh186Please respect copyright.PENANA3dkuX9nt4n