x
好喇而家就講埋俾斯麥點解要開切餅大會75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡau9mwOwJAx
正如上面所講75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQScCvAbXPA
德國統一初期佢對海外擴張都係相當抗拒75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9FbZ781aAa
原因之一係繼承自普魯士嘅帝國海軍75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡszR2dQb30s
規模實在太細75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTnMMIj0YBL
根本支撐唔到龐大嘅殖民地發展75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsKANja5JQo
就咁其實德國唔係冇能力發展遠洋艦隊75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3KBSypKVpJ
相反德國船廠嘅技術喺當時係首屈一指75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUpTuQPBHTT
號稱遠東最強戰艦嘅定遠號同鎮遠號75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm3tljBuPwh
就係由普魯士嘅船廠製造㗎喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcsXwbZ2Gyd
個海軍咁鵪鶉嘅原因75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeUXcwHAEPi
純粹係國策使然啫
定遠號同鎮遠號喺德國港口付運時情況
俾斯麥刻意壓抑海軍發展75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMotbEhrCob
原因係避免同其他列強直接競爭75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHRxKlWOpDc
例如喺1867年尾75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRE4ZRjoOG1
北德意志邦聯海軍司令繞過俾斯麥75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWzazVTsdz5
直接同中美洲哥斯達黎加協議設立軍港75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmL2pndVhHl
當俾斯麥知道時即時叫停75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu58IiHFqVO
原因就係因為佢驚得罪美國75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDKTTot92Bt
(門羅主義下嘅美國對歐洲國家介入美洲事務相當反感)75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQ63lz0QcPz
對一個距離咁遠嘅強國都咁忌憚75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCaurnGkT2B
何況英國、法國呢啲傳統海軍強國75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXv2zIgk864
以德國個地理位置75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvAbfFws9f3
發展遠洋艦隊75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZU0Q5cKeQm
根本係浪費寶貴嘅國家資源75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH0D9TtJBwX
冇強大嘅海軍75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZPBi7dtcRS
殖民主義又從何談起呢?
以一個明瞭發展強大海軍弊端嘅歷史偉人75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡurTcTuUTFV
嚟命名一艘帝國最強大嘅戰艦75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfx4ewaK0lA
總係有種開緊歷史玩笑嘅味道⋯⋯
不過官方嘅立場並唔影響民間對海外擴張嘅嚮往75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1qJMRsrxLp
喺1860年代中期開始75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKG20JPJoWZ
尤其係探索剛果盆地成功後75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRRifcJ5iHr
各國包括德國嘅民間都充斥住對探險嘅熱情75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiwQtCl5VsE
形形色色嘅企業同地理學會都紛紛組團75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡn7AJ7ha2Ij
諗住入去分一杯羹75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡd3b5TTB2Mf
傳統殖民強國好似英法兩國75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRg9MxClzgo
同埋某個博晒老命搵殖民地嘅豆腐膶低地國75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡepVRBRvPEw
因為有國家機器加持75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCH850Jrt4r
啲探險隊當然就如魚得水啦75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDTgPNHGqaL
但係德國嗰啲就陰公喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcD4IWpiTfP
喺1868年俾斯麥寫畀佢老友戰爭部長羅恩伯爵嘅信中75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH1IvGbUbD0
佢表明唔會用納稅人嘅錢支持呢啲同國策相違背嘅私人企業活動75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSKgQ0WaBNe
就係咁啲企業就算探到險簽到合作協議都好75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1JT2ZjZcUX
到最後返到德國都會畀俾斯麥拒之門外白忙一場75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpTNTzFgZ0d
攞唔到國家資助自然就發展唔到啦75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcAfklGHUji
不過情況好快就會有改變⋯⋯
1878年柏林會議後75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEWL5IBXugL
巴爾幹局勢暫時穩定落嚟75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0KeLsESxRf
而德奧意三國同盟75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJTO1nEZh6w
以及三帝同盟續期75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWaGgeK5qiW
為嗰個時代嘅歐洲確立咗一個和平嘅基礎75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxjqCyWl6tV
至少係表面上啦75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkfO0YCEy5O
俾斯麥終於保得住德國個後欄75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKCcHl770hq
可以專心應付嚟自法國嘅敵意喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7sDiFNEzST
另一方面75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdhIWyInuBp
英法喺會上嘅枱底交易75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgkBURIDmG1
似乎都預視咗嚟緊嘅外交角力焦點75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFMgPaw2AMT
將會由歐陸轉移到各殖民地事務上75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡE902N9C9uB
同巴爾幹動輒牽扯上幾百年嘅國仇家恨唔同75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHpjHJMF8Mc
呢啲殖民地爭議75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡY1gbNNfCMO
本質上純粹係基於經濟利益嘅啫75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZoQVcUF2nH
德國要參與其中75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOYCvAVEsvJ
從而繼續喺外交上孤立法國同分散佢對歐陸嘅注意力嘅話75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuiBvRnTXwL
就唔可以好似今次咁只係做個Honest Broker就夠75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOv55rojU0O
佢一定要有啲籌碼喺手75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfrPa1Mo2Zo
先可以埋枱玩75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡceZAO2ZqeU
咁代表俾斯麥要做樣佢唔係好想做嘅嘢──海外擴張75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4iCnFI5t1H
喺1880年尾開始75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJuXpLuOIIQ
之前食飽閉門羹嘅企業同機構75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1WpAeTs4Dc
陸續獲得俾斯麥接見75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeD51s41hi4
並且陸續獲批殖民地嘅特許狀75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDzsuvA2Itt
1884年4月-德屬西南非洲（納米比亞）；7月-西非嘅多哥蘭同喀麥隆；75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9fjz9zttSz
1885年2月-德屬東非（坦桑尼亞）；4月-肯雅75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHyulq8rIKb
加埋幾個喺南太平洋嘅群島仔75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ82S2NIu6LD
於是德國喺一年間75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡskOjWbiOBg
就由冇到有咁建立起僅次於英法兩國、全球第三大嘅殖民帝國喇
德國喺非洲嘅殖民地
俾斯麥為日爾曼尼亞着起名為殖民主義嘅新裝
睇落好似好威威咁75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzHKnVTzmNc
不過呢啲殖民地其實都係掛個名係德國旗下嘅啫75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡu2ZuRCdZOV
因為俾斯麥根本唔想使太多錢喺呢度75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmCEPDPWqFk
呢一紙特許狀純粹係畀呢啲殖民地公司專營權75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBFF63J4Rgi
同喺“必要”時提供軍事援助啫75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWzW1joOIyD
咩探索呀開發呀治安呀嗰啲麻煩就閣下自理喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmtsYBciVQP
呢個由私人公司主導嘅殖民模式係註定失敗嘅75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOXv1gSK1j0
皆因冇國家機器直接統籌嘅話75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWrJNjliLti
民間機構係冇可能處理到殖民地入面嘅諸多事務75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcbLPHzHvKm
強如英國東印度公司呢間有國家支援嘅百年老店75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtMRsdrktsj
最後都要衰喺一場全國暴動上75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuJX22CQ0oF
要政府接管執手尾
由牛油同豬油引發嘅1857年印度兵變
咁你會問明知死路一條點解俾斯麥都仲要行嘅75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuQTBNWIXz1
首先要搞清楚死嘅唔係俾斯麥唔係德國75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCX6yATLN0G
而係啲私人企業75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIJdHb9r7BV
畢竟呢啲殖民地開發不嬲都係高風險㗎啦75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4XwQI38d6c
佢地死冇人會覺得出奇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyf58Z9xGQm
更重要嘅係俾斯麥本身就唔想發得太大75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkDEU9sFoa0
佢要嘅效果75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxIsyztqg2y
就係用最低成本75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUyx52TrsmM
令德國喺短時間內75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxKdny02Wat
獲取足夠多嘅殖民地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzMl3rPvdck
等佢可以喺嚟緊英法之間嘅殖民地爭議中善價而沽75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF4wuatvjzt
德國作為老三要做嘅75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8bP8MjiYy2
就係平衡阿大同老二嘅勢力75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDzE3xjFSI0
等佢地喺下面慢慢耗75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeCisqDfmFK
自己喺歐陸先會安穩75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjK87Q3tZ3m
呢樣就係俾斯麥點解喺1880年代無啦啦搞殖民主義最底層嘅原因喇
好喇籌碼就喺手喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEt3LfKa9e1
而家就爭咁張賭枱75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaOrxJ1d4qj
俾斯麥需要一個好似上次柏林會議咁嘅外交場合75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPcAiNYEyd4
等佢可以遊走於英法嘅殖民地鬥爭之中75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCjcPiQMi5n
咁啱法國同比利時喺剛果河流域歸屬問題上嘅爭議75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPihoUB2nDO
有越演越烈嘅趨勢75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡep07M7tstS
而本來已經衰落到冇人理嘅葡萄牙75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyiiMCKeWOn
又突然喺櫳底摷咗份鹹鹹臭臭嘅條約出嚟75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFifguSC3zM
話早喺15世紀已經同當地嘅剛果王國簽訂協議75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOHdtaan3mZ
可以自由使用剛果河口南岸嘅一大片土地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxw9NkeZOzg
（即現今安哥拉，詳情請參閱第二集）75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTVCkRowXyN
要佢大佬英國撑佢維護當地嘅領土完整75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsNr5P1e8Lr
忽然間剛果河就成為四國爭拗嘅熱點75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNchqB1AKwN
俾斯麥心諗喂掂呀屌你75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzCSMfwq1WM
於是建議大家過嚟柏林開個會斟斟75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9kpZo9WFcp
各國見上次柏林會議搞得幾靚仔吓75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡlz8mjMCSVi
都紛紛嚮應75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLj9GXpdae6
最終1884年11月15號喺俾斯麥嘅官邸75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWFUaNtlDvJ
齊集除咗瑞士同啲鹹豆咁細嘅鼻屎國外全部歐洲國家75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfnHgHKvtky
再加上美國同鄂圖曼總共14個國家同組織75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNklyjltgoX
（比利時係以國際剛果協會而唔係國家名義參加）75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxYz7RfkD3v
參與呢個惡名昭彰、後世駡不絕口嘅柏林剛果會議喇
其實呢個會喺外交上唔算好高級別75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnd8Tiez2a7
嗰時冇飛機75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeBiaXXhcaT
要一國首腦掉低本國事務山長水遠去一個地方開個會75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGtKivLzL05
必定係關乎到國運嘅大事75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkZG48G8IX5
好似上次柏林會議75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTEI8HToxaB
與會嘅全部唔係外長就係首相本人75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa306xgx25R
相反今次嚟開會嘅75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmNeBdJ8cOP
都係各國駐柏林大使75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡm1IYDX7aoM
亦因為咁佢地係做唔到重大決定嘅75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡrncWWP1Ywn
每當要決定某啲事務時75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ19TAVedZ57
啲大使都要聯絡本國外長甚至元首75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZBX3A5dLB6
所以個會都拖到幾長吓75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsUpB7a0og2
計埋聖誕同新年放咗幾日假75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuSATOycrjK
總共開咗104日75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTnOrGHmjLn
到第二年嘅2月26號先完結75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXjyg3M9e9p
（對比1878年嗰次就啱啱好開咗一個月）75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBETRwt849j
咁從側面反映75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqZxNLvyC1y
喺嗰時對各國嚟講75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAZExbJYr4A
殖民地政策所佔嘅比重其實唔算好大75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXsgBAbQ8hn
不過好快就會有改變
呢個會主要解決嘅問題有：75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQUyJtuRnW2
1)剛果盆地歸屬75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNnzWvWzs84
2)兩大水系（尼日河同剛果河）航權75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMjDQgSn9XS
3)何謂“有效佔據”75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPwyIOVWlSU
關於第一個問題75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡKG8KLqPYXD
喺我對上一篇《由比利時嘅斷掌朱古力講起》都有約略講過吓75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡpIvDLQloR1
我就唔係呢度重覆喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3ZivUgBd4M
簡單重溫吓75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡk2vW1cZTGp
當時各國已經知道75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0FsQZRJJtN
利奧波德二世呢個掛住人道主義者面具嘅豺狼75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuagaZWJld4
背後嘅陰謀㗎喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQmAs1YCVjq
不過基於勢力平衡關係75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0Y8bGehQIb
畀中立國比利時控制中非呢一大片土地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI4y12cCzWa
對各國都有好處75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0zhZ9XtyVA
而法國喺剛果河北岸呢一輪大動作75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDgFzVBdnIO
目的都只係警示利奧波德二世唔好諗住踩過界啫75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4ae1gOEMf5
並唔係真係想爭晒成個剛果75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWMg7vC5oWL
所以與會各國一致贊成由國際剛果協會管理剛果河南岸75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBhkD0e2nOE
而北岸就歸法國所有75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp8iRnsmnMK
就係咁75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2FjdnlnO9f
剛果自由邦成為咗利奧波德二世苦心經營下嘅外交奇蹟喇
剛果自由邦北面疆界基本上就係剛果河
OK搞掂一樣會議繼續⋯⋯75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt8QY2CthUZ
…咪住主席有樣嘢要搞清楚先75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi3WJsWN2xR
剛果盆地歸國際剛果協會我冇異議75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡRB9Bittq7T
不過剛果河口個主權就唔同咁講喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCe5gMzLqu4
嗱呢份係我國喺1491年同剛果國王約翰一世所簽訂嘅合作協議75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxEluT4vEva
訂明我國可以自由使用整個剛果河口⋯⋯75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqtF3f4z0sS
等等葡萄牙代表你收番張梅菜坐番低先75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡdxjTfP1DTA
唔使咁心急住75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ40tpvtUvr0
你呢個提案將會同你另一個提案一併處理㗎喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡotKsbw61aj
咳唔⋯⋯咁會議就進入第二個議題75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxSIvHCzp9V
撒哈拉以南兩大河流──西非嘅尼日河同中非嘅剛果河75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡNjsUzEPLhU
一直都係通往非洲內陸最重要嘅航道75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsRIkWa8I6u
關於呢兩大水系嘅通航問題75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwLxqK6haTl
其實就相對簡單75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUUX0wgZDcz
因為成個會打正旗號係用自由貿易開化啲黑鬼達至遏止奴隸貿易75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX0uvrmZhnc
所以航行自由係必須嘅75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkz5dnKO0rr
尼日河口位於英國佔據嘅尼日三角洲保護地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡoghdUhQUEn
理所當然進入尼日河所需嘅物流保安等等嘅需求同收益75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡw1JuepHvCJ
自然就由英國所負責同享用啦
尼日河同佢廣闊流域內嘅盆地
至於剛果河呢⋯⋯75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8HUhaAc5me
得得得你坐番低先75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHTwqd86QcM
而家就處理今個會第三個要解決嘅問題──何謂有效佔據75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgQxSGjpO5Q
順便講埋葡萄牙嘅議題75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡmdTD6dfA4G
本來列強殖民非洲個玩法75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡhCHU7nPF3e
一路都係佔據非洲沿岸各個河口海灣後75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCxnQW8hbhL
再同當地土著簽吓合作協議、起吓貿易站仔75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDCGj4sNQyC
嗰度就歸佢75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWqVSrokGhD
不過畀啲先入局嘅咁樣咁低成本霸晒啲地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiO71ISVvRt
對後來者其實相當唔公平75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnS73aGEMQ2
俾斯麥建議殖民者需要同當地部落簽署協議之餘75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ619biZmGG9
並顯示對當地有實質控制75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi38cXgOn7S
好似有發展基建或者駐紮軍隊維持治安等等75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxEtKBztebm
嗰度先算係佢轄下嘅保護國75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7Rb25BNFMc
咁樣嘅話英法兩國嘅殖民地開支必定會大增75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡN4HOfLopJV
正常嚟講佢地係會反對嘅75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi1IrcF4ARi
不過俾斯麥之所以要全歐洲甚至連殖民地都冇嘅國家都叫埋嚟開會75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8yIEkehzKr
目的就係要用呢堆小國嚟牽制英法呢兩個老牌殖民大國75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡEHL2hEpp4M
而英國個豬隊友葡萄牙嘅立場75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDJyFjrHi0P
就直程令俾斯麥如虎添翼啦
喺今次個會上75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi5FB7PYQpm
葡萄牙其實係相當進取嘅75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXdgBFM2olk
除咗說服英國支持佢爭剛果河口外75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡB6V7EfT82w
仲喺會議上提出以先發現原則劃地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7JjplNGX2L
並提議將東非莫桑比克同西非安哥拉之間一大片土地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeSUFtCXZNy
都劃晒畀佢75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡam3PxF8Cfu
形成貫穿非洲中南部嘅走廊75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡq0tpBzhx4j
即係所謂嘅“粉紅地圖”
…嗱阿葡萄牙代表75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡjgE8gKw1hG
而家個遊戲玩法同你地個腦停留嗰個年代唔同晒㗎喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLbx9mgTLhE
照你個講法如果邊個發現先就歸邊個嘅話75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3CKkvJr990
咁成個非洲都係你㗎啦75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaLFhzAR0Nl
大家可以收工返歸啦嘛係咪?75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiLp88qnw1U
唔係㗎嘛75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl5I2DbSTho
而家個原則就係邊個證明到對一笪地方有實質控制75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbxgBc1ouE5
邊個先有資格去佔據嗰度75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPpDdKb6L60
以剛果河口為例75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡa6ti1Ey5HP
國際剛果協會已經證明咗佢對嗰度有實質控制75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJjem3Ygze3
而你就只係得份連簽署國都滅亡咗嘅歷史文件75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYlxy9sdJQc
咁樣我地好難做㗎喎75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡemU0jCFioC
我建議剛果河口北岸歸國際剛果協會75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡMKTDaGyNFH
南岸就歸葡屬安哥拉75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBl2rLxTD9A
大家有冇異議?
本來英國早喺2月已經同葡萄牙簽署協議75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2urB8unRZb
支持佢爭取剛果河口75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfH29QtuukK
不過當呢份“粉紅地圖”一擺上枱面75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡkO0hz59dnK
英國佬即刻嬲到紅都面晒75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiahCIfetJa
事關如果畀葡萄牙建立到呢條中南非走廊嘅話75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJdDzx6EKWn
佢嗰個籌備中嘅“縱斷非洲”計劃就會斷纜75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTciJy6Nzm5
呢樣嘢係絕對唔可以發生
英國嘅“縱斷非洲”同法國嘅“橫斷非洲”75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi7busxviEW
是為非洲版過三關75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4PRg7M5d70
詳情請參閱我對上一篇廢文
英國即時陷於兩難75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5afxYyY0Zi
如果支持葡萄牙個先發現原則攞剛果河口嘅話75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5rkhEF1Itg
佢就要同時承認“粉紅地圖”75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡZL7rS2voO5
如果要保住佢盤過三關嘅話75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡI4gWdRe7Wv
佢就要接受俾斯麥嘅詭計兼背棄盟友75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwUYwKuqzad
兩害取其輕下英國佬決定叫葡萄牙吔自己75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡGgICIiQJ9n
轉向支持國際剛果協會75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnjrp6iArNO
利奧波德二世得到彌足珍貴嘅出海口75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ77JgF1GhcT
獲得完全嘅外交勝利75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1YeJjb8cEl
而俾斯麥為英法兩國所搭建嘅呢個非洲鬥獸場亦就此完成喇
因為柏林會議嘅分割75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbgFTSSKmAD
剛果河北岸安哥拉嘅領土75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2iaPZiFUMh
自始成為一塊飛地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2IUO0Sd1lS往後章節都會提及吓非洲呢啲奇奇怪怪嘅劃界
跟住落嚟嘅會議就係與會各國之間嘅雙邊或者三邊談判75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSXXMc6iFY8
基本上都係喺非洲有殖民地嗰啲國家就領土劃分上互相博弈75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7MXrQBtkwT
例如德國讓出東非桑吉巴蘇丹國嘅主導權畀英國嚟換取北海一個小島啦75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl5aQei9c6F
或者法國同意意大利佔領利比亞同非洲之角嘅厄立特里亞75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxbGXausGaS
以尋求意大利承認法國喺突尼西亞嘅主權啦75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡexgTC3k5xM
又或者英國用北尼日利亞同法國交換紐芬蘭嘅捕魚權等等75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXT87XbmoVZ
可能各位小朋友都對呢堆遙遠嘅名字感到陌生75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHqb4Lq6dEb
冇錯75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡL7FJRtE5aC
唔只你地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ2dox5G08j2
連當時啲遠在歐洲嘅王公貴冑都唔知嗰度有啲乜75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIolTP46b2w
正如時任英國首相嘅梳士巴利爵士所言75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSs4fVKmvr2
「我地交換到嘅呢啲山脈、湖泊同土地，實際上係連我地都唔知喺邊」75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ4QRixSDvJP
事實上整個非洲就畀列強當成無主之地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡvxbbhcIlR4
直尺一度、大筆一揮就被肆意分割75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSFWHCwEoUC
分割出嚟嘅“籌碼”就被用作交換各色各樣同非洲相關或者唔相關嘅利益75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ1DzGhGNEGD
至於啲世居喺呢片「未知國度」嘅黑鬼75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡTpmiAwizNm
佢地嘅利益理所當然就唔會被考慮啦75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsTpsNm2aYk
伴隨住呢啲分割嘅75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ6IGxvUs5gK
係非洲入面唔同部族喺千百年間自然演化出嚟嘅勢力範圍被重新劃分
呢啲歐洲人強加於非洲嘅疆界75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡsH6WhpBZL4
往往會將敵對嘅部族劃埋一齊75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLn88ptVf0X
又或者將同一個部族分開喺唔同嘅國家75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiY5ByrEjcW
咁好自然敵對嘅勢力會互相鬥爭75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡnz5wP9rWVs
相同嘅部族又會試圖合併75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzq9D74AJrX
非洲人嘅命運巨輪自始悄然起動75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHZkEPfQHd4
整個非洲將會成為一部特大號嘅絞肉機75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7wUNmLVqUJ
不過呢啲咁遙遠又咁長遠嘅事75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡic3v3ucx0r
對當時身處歐洲廟堂嘅諸公嚟講75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡwxvArVRJM7
又點會理會同預料到呢
殖民時期前嘅部族勢力分界同現代非洲國界重叠圖
非洲喺二戰後各地武裝衝突地點示意圖
對比呢兩幅圖就可以睇到75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqqRx7UDh93
呢啲無視當地土著勢力範圍嘅分割75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh6fTcTx68T
就係往後非洲紛亂不堪最重要嘅起始因素喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡXfcBjldhwm
根據地域可以將呢啲衝突歸類為四個“重災區”75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5ic2mC5ZF3
1)法國控制、穆斯林人口主導嘅北非地中海沿岸75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡBo4qsCTwvl
2)北緯12度以南、撒哈拉同中非雨林之間嘅草原地帶
阿拉伯人稱之為“薩赫勒”75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡp6BR63dORe
意思係“撒哈拉之海以南”75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡX32p4I9xfN
視乎旱澇情況呢度既係北面穆斯林嘅放牧場又係南面土著王國嘅耕地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡo3HZUPUktm
自古以來就係兩邊人互相廝咬嘅源頭
3)中非剛果盆地同佢東邊嘅大湖區75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ28VtZkBhSD
4)礦產資源豐富、較為發達但係貧富極為懸殊嘅非洲南部75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡshRaNDRbiD
基本上各自都有自身獨特嘅原因搞到今時今日咁嘅田地75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ9Zk7uPIPav
呢啲會喺嚟緊嘅章節慢慢去講75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡA6UfgGUe2d
不過我會講講佢地共同擁有嘅“歷史機遇”先75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcbowkfgJhR
下一集《盛宴之後》再同大家吹過
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
識睇嘅就梗係睇埋個尾啦75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcZydi2iSvK
話說柏林會議雖然為後世所唾罵75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8kREEaSrLm
不過喺嗰時75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfim05cnywZ
的確為各殖民宗主國提供咗一個文明解決潛在爭議嘅框架75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡOkJ902PdLe
俾斯麥憑藉佢靈活嘅外交手腕75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHktaT8DzDc
喺各國錯綜複雜嘅利益關係網中75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡi5ATolKEFJ
一步步拆解分岐75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡptXyDnJxXj
最終搵到個大家都可以接受嘅方案75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxQNXtBD5uO
唔使動輒就要打要殺75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0sSgv0Xq4d
目的都係為德國提供一個穩定嘅歐陸75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡCzBemfIUKt
以發展佢嘅經濟75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ8XIBgr7v0i
德意志帝國有幸有呢位無雙國士75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡAvamMhUG2R
可以話係有今生冇來世
之但係帝國呢種國體75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPSQBVu7F8l
就註定有明君先可以有賢臣嘅75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡYQDwTxakCa
呢台由俾斯麥一人擔綱嘅獨腳戲75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡSUk96BSmqA
終究有落幕嘅一日75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡtOSuyS5RNq
當嗰位自信滿滿又衝動成性嘅少主登基時75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡK4OELh7ni2
俾斯麥嗰套遊走於各方矛盾嘅平衡75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡyhIHbMG3mH
就唔係好啱佢胃口喇75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqLoojv6qOt
佢覺得戰戰兢兢咁踩鋼線實在太慢太悶75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡF1uRFgres2
不如痛痛快快咁玩跳火圈啦75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJA4GVzQ9Vr
1890年3月22號75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡgC1JFePTEU
威廉二世以俾斯麥推行嘅反社會主義者法案過於激進為由75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡeEoEA6VNXS
迫令佢辭職75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡcSq61ZBvSd
自此呢位德意志帝國嘅舵手就黯然落台75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡLKZfY56IZl
威廉仔亦都開始周圍點火表演跳火圈喇
領航員落船
日耳曼尼亞同俾斯麥睇住兒皇帝玩火自焚
“俾斯麥體系”隨之而瓦解75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡDooupzrNrL
對列強嚟講75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡskBIEdDPzn
德國再唔係穩定歐陸勢力嘅伙伴75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡg2HmSBREB7
而係反覆無常嘅計時炸彈75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ96IJVdvfta
漸漸合作變成對立、猜忌加劇矛盾75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡJGagRYMlgT
最終走向大戰⋯⋯75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡFq7RRdCCIP
有時不禁會諗75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ0BbxFhVrZC
最佳答案有時真係未必有最好結果㗎75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡQHKMBXbnSL
如果1878年柏林會議時俾斯麥狠下決心撐俄國75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ5efrcZjdAR
令世界大戰由威廉一世-俾斯麥-老毛奇呢個鐵三角應對75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡH1GeWy8GVk
歷史會唔會改寫呢?75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPtzq75KCPE
德意志帝國同沙俄會唔會繼續存在?75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ7uxk4jgULS共慘黨又會唔會被掃進棺材呢?75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡidW890FDDe
而嗰喺個平行宇宙嘅我75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡx0PnlKNm75
又會點樣寫呢個故仔呢?
75Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPlMWl1i2do
-完-
ns52.15.72.156da2
