今天的飛行項目比之前更具挑戰性,Leo 一早就告訴我:「今天我們要練習 Slow Flight、Basic Stall、Advanced Stall,還有 Wing Drop Stall。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAOHU0dD8tEz
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光是聽到「失速(Stall)」這個詞,我心裡就有些發毛。從開始學飛以來,我一直被教導要保持足夠的飛行速度,以避免失速。現在,Leo 卻要我刻意進入失速狀態?140Please respect copyright.PENANAFFxodz6lh2
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「不用擔心,這些都是訓練飛行員如何正確應對失速。」Leo 笑著說:「如果你知道怎麼恢復,就不用害怕。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAT00gXFs1no
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他讓我坐下,然後開始了一場 30 分鐘的簡報,簡單講解 什麼是失速(Stall),以及 哪些情況最容易發生失速。140Please respect copyright.PENANA2UFdm3pren
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「失速並不是指發動機停轉,而是機翼失去升力的狀態。」Leo 在白板上畫了一架飛機的翼剖面:「當Angle of Attack, AOA超過臨界角,氣流無法順利流過機翼,升力就會急劇減少,飛機進入失速。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAJZupBF92xP
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他指著翼剖面上的氣流:「Remember LIFT=IAS x AOA。當飛機速度過慢,或者機頭抬得過高時,攻角增加,升力減少,最終導致失速。 這種情況如果發生在低空,比如起飛或降落時,可能會非常危險。」140Please respect copyright.PENANABjI3q05SI5
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Leo 在白板上寫下幾個關鍵時刻:140Please respect copyright.PENANAHEC5Pi5aBv
起飛、轉彎、降落、過度操控,這些情況一定要特別留意。140Please respect copyright.PENANAZ7MxVjN0Vs
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Leo 在白板上寫下「如何辨別失速?」然後簡單說道:「空速下降、操控遲鈍(Sluggish)、機身顫抖(Buffeting)、Stall warning horn警報響起,最後機頭或機翼可能突然下墜,這些都是失速的徵兆。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAmWnnV64YvS
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Leo 放下筆,望著我:「當你注意到這些徵兆時,你就知道飛機正處於臨界點。關鍵是——你要知道如何正確恢復,而不是驚慌。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAwzHcvgMkNg
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我深吸一口氣,仔細記住這些要點,然後點頭:「明白了,現在……」140Please respect copyright.PENANAGDuq62GmLa
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Leo 露出一抹笑意,站起身來:「沒錯,現在就讓你真正感受失速的感覺。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAP8KdDwRat8
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飛機離開跑道後,我們爬升到安全高度,Leo 看著我,微微一笑:「在進行Slow Flight 和失速訓練前,我們要先做 HASELL Check,確保一切安全。」140Please respect copyright.PENANA1h8NJRtRcE
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H – Height:確認飛機有足夠的高度恢復失速,通常至少 2500ft以上。140Please respect copyright.PENANA9rkd5yUfw6
A – Airframe Configuration:檢查襟翼(Flaps)、起落架(Landing Gear),確認設定是否適當。140Please respect copyright.PENANAe9weuL9ZFZ
S – Security:確保 Doors & Hatches 關閉,安全帶繫好。140Please respect copyright.PENANAxR526e4XX2
E – Engine:檢查 Engine instruments 在綠色區域內,若低於 2000 RPM,開啟化油器加熱(Carb Heat)。140Please respect copyright.PENANAGnniMnoAAU
L – Location:確保飛機不在人口密集區域上空,以免影響地面安全。140Please respect copyright.PENANArn59mq6b5c
L – Lookout Turn:進行 360° 觀察,確保周圍空域無其他飛機。140Please respect copyright.PENANAw41Fgru0Zl
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「減油門,維持飛機在接近失速的速度,但不真正進入失速狀態。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAw0sG3hYqFk
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我慢慢減少油門,拉升機頭保持高度,看到空速計的指針逐漸下降,飛機開始感覺沉重,操控變得遲鈍,彷彿一切動作都被放慢了一拍。140Please respect copyright.PENANA6P2yQhgjyt
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「這就是 Slow Flight。」Leo 說:「現在試著轉彎,感受機翼的反應。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAO4sF1j0O6i
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我小心翼翼地轉動操縱桿,飛機開始慢慢傾斜,但很快我發現了一個明顯的變化——轉彎的半徑比平常短了很多。140Please respect copyright.PENANAfsbcUiLwHn
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「這是讓你學會在低速狀態下,仍然能夠控制飛機。」Leo 補充道:「降落時,或者在能見度低、迷路、失去方向的情況下,都是在這個速度範圍內進行的。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAznNCehESKt
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「好,現在我們來試試真正的失速。」Leo 語氣平穩:「記住,應對失速的方法只有一個——降低 AOA。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAa4rJ7hy05E
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「我們回到 Clean Configuration,開始 Basic Stall。」Leo 說。140Please respect copyright.PENANAczKd7i7Ksm
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我按照指示減油門,讓飛機速度慢慢下降。很快,我開始感受到 Leo 在簡報時說過的失速徵兆——空速計指針下降、操控變得遲鈍、機身開始輕微顫抖,然後刺耳的失速警報響起。140Please respect copyright.PENANAw08nje1dJW
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「嘟——嘟——嘟——」140Please respect copyright.PENANArHgMpL2xZ8
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這一刻,我的大腦告訴自己:保持冷靜,按照訓練來恢復!140Please respect copyright.PENANAE6pmp2mdOo
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但就在機頭開始下沉的瞬間,我的身體卻下意識地拉高機頭,試圖「拉回」飛機,結果反而讓失速變得更嚴重!140Please respect copyright.PENANA75TWJbevp7
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「Release back pressure!降低 AOA!」Leo 立刻糾正。140Please respect copyright.PENANAAJlTqSJUcw
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機身突然一沉,飛機完全失去升力,機頭急速下墜——這才是真正的失速!140Please respect copyright.PENANARqGbgENBkf
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我強忍著本能的恐懼,終於意識到自己的錯誤。這時候,拉高機頭只會讓攻角更大,讓失速更加嚴重。唯一的辦法,就是讓機頭自然下降,恢復正常的氣流。140Please respect copyright.PENANAaH0nMHKs7V
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我鬆開操縱桿,輕輕向前推,讓機頭下沉。短短幾秒內,空速開始回升,我趕緊推動油門增加動力,然後感覺到操控變得靈敏,飛機開始恢復正常飛行。140Please respect copyright.PENANAIeYkqE8OUb
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幾秒鐘後,失速徵兆消失,機頭回到水平姿態。140Please respect copyright.PENANAyNxeAPEx8s
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我大口喘氣,額頭滲出冷汗。這只是訓練,卻讓我感受到真正的危機感——如果剛才是在低空,結果可能完全不同。140Please respect copyright.PENANATuPo0r8r3G
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Leo 看著我,微微一笑:「這就是為什麼訓練很重要。遇到失速時,本能地拉機頭。但現在,你知道該怎麼做了吧?」140Please respect copyright.PENANAWz8J498KTx
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我點點頭,心跳還沒完全平復,但腦海裡只剩下一個念頭:「遇到失速,唯一的應對方法,降低 AOA。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAjZbUVFTITK
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「I have control。在現實飛行中,很多失速發生在降落過程中,因為這時候飛機處於低速、高攻角,襟翼放下來增加升力,但如果沒控制好,也可能讓失速變得更嚴重。」Leo 一邊講解,一邊調整油門,讓飛機爬升至安全高度。140Please respect copyright.PENANAWsvmktdHeV
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「這次,我們模擬進近降落時的失速狀態。2200RPM,White Arc 放下Full Flaps,然後進入失速。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAxBPzlDqd04
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我慢慢放下襟翼,感覺飛機的升力增加了一點,但也變得更容易飄忽不定。我再次拉高機頭,讓空速下降,這次的過程與之前有所不同——由於襟翼會降低失速速度(Stall Speed),所以警報反而比之前更晚才響起。140Please respect copyright.PENANARDidbxO4Rt
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Leo 說道:「恢復方法還是一樣——降低 AOA,推油門,讓空速回升!」140Please respect copyright.PENANANxhyrWGNtD
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我立刻鬆開操縱桿,推油門增加動力,等待飛機回復升力,幾秒後,機頭回復可控狀態,飛機恢復正常飛行。140Please respect copyright.PENANA1iOJO441KL
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我長長地吐了一口氣,這次的失速比剛才更劇烈,但至少我已經知道該怎麼應對。140Please respect copyright.PENANADmlmCsQ01N
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Leo 沒有停下來,而是繼續指示:「現在,我們來試試 Wing Drop Stall,這是很多新手飛行員最容易犯錯的地方。」140Please respect copyright.PENANADXD9el9Jug
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「這次,我們一樣進入失速,但會刻意製造不對稱的失速,看看機翼如何反應。」140Please respect copyright.PENANAf8bqYOF1cb
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Leo 在飛行前簡報中,特別強調了 Wing Drop Stall(機翼下墜失速) 的應對方法。140Please respect copyright.PENANAI58juS44O2
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「當其中一側機翼比另一側先失速時,飛機會開始不對稱下墜,這就是 Wing Drop Stall。很多飛行員的本能反應是用Ailerons來糾正滾轉,但這其實會讓問題變得更糟!」Leo 指著白板上的示意圖。140Please respect copyright.PENANAGtojZ1txOu
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「真正的應對方法只有三個步驟:降低 AOA,用Rudder修正滾轉,油門補充動力。」140Please respect copyright.PENANANceRzwXUMn
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「準備好了嗎?」Leo 問道。140Please respect copyright.PENANAZpPOl8Yvv0
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「準備好了!」我回應,心跳稍微加快,但這次,我知道該如何應對。140Please respect copyright.PENANAhTipXFlvr9
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我推滿油門,拉高機頭,模擬進近降落時的失速狀態,並放下 Full Flaps(全襟翼)。這次,我們故意製造不對稱的失速條件——當飛機進入失速時,左翼率先失速,導致機身向左翻滾!140Please respect copyright.PENANAb7zI6oIw9K
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幾乎是一瞬間,我感受到飛機快速向左側下墜,機頭朝地面傾斜,旋轉的感覺讓人不由自主地想抓緊操縱桿。140Please respect copyright.PENANAWegY2KqWH3
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「降低 AOA,High Rudder!」Leo 提醒。140Please respect copyright.PENANANiOZKfDFzq
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這次,我沒有慌張,而是按照剛才學到的步驟——幾秒後,飛機穩定下來,回復正常飛行。140Please respect copyright.PENANAUhgA43QVXv
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「做得好!這就是正確的應對方式!」Leo 露出滿意的笑容:「剛才如果你用副翼修正,飛機可能已經進入Spin了。方向舵才是你最好的工具!」140Please respect copyright.PENANAl5pm9XBDqD
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這次的訓練比我想像中更具挑戰性,但也讓我學到了最重要的一課——正確的反應,勝過本能的反應。140Please respect copyright.PENANAqp590HFE6p
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當飛機穩穩降落在跑道上,我才發現,我的雙手已經比剛才穩定了許多。140Please respect copyright.PENANAT0MN0nVMO9
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今天,我不僅學會了如何應對 Power-On Stall,還掌握了 Wing Drop Stall 的正確處理方式。140Please respect copyright.PENANAOnAYhtVhq4
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這一天,我比昨天更加接近真正的飛行員了。