極端氣候開始陸續浮現,人為及自然因素相信均有份參與。在這層面上,我們有沒有辦法可以得知以往的氣候變化又是如何呢?487Please respect copyright.PENANAdiE5Hkoolo
487Please respect copyright.PENANAsqEoqHn3ot
本篇將會探討一下測量地球海洋溫度轉變的其中一一道辦法。487Please respect copyright.PENANALQ0KgakLKn487Please respect copyright.PENANAG2bb4EP4tm
487Please respect copyright.PENANAtOrpFVjJJt
487Please respect copyright.PENANAfRmajwjVkL
(圖2)二氧化碳是由一個碳原子(C)及兩個氧原子(O)而組成。487Please respect copyright.PENANAs6YraYlHmr487Please respect copyright.PENANAyInrx4vpe7
487Please respect copyright.PENANA2x2IBrYbV7
用沒有讀過理科的角度來觀看,碳原子在自然界會以12C、13C及其他形式的狀態呈現,其中以12C呈現的方式佔大多數,達98.89%。而13C的比例則為1.11%。487Please respect copyright.PENANAHXo2hI5nwp
487Please respect copyright.PENANAD4yuY0NOXZ
氧原子亦是同一道理,在自然界會以16O、18O及其他形式的狀態呈現。487Please respect copyright.PENANAbgshGUhhvH
487Please respect copyright.PENANAlVc0BOkA8v
整個情形就像是明治香蕉朱古力一樣,雖然同是香蕉狀,但有極少數的朱古力會以黃金香蕉的方式呈現。487Please respect copyright.PENANA8G56cFL0Kz
487Please respect copyright.PENANAeaqzQagkzm
(圖3)位於深海的有孔蟲(Foraminifera)的外殼含有CaCO3物質。它們會與水產生反應,因而交換氧原子的呈現方式。487Please respect copyright.PENANAsutBSnnICn487Please respect copyright.PENANAZUfVjcj3ua
487Please respect copyright.PENANAO4FwHNkrjq
非常重要的是,這反應會隨著溫度提升而加速進行。487Please respect copyright.PENANAlQkoNhhTN0
487Please respect copyright.PENANA04GRkCBdOa
亦即是說,溫度越高的話,越多有孔蟲外殼的CaCO3物質會以18O的方式呈現。487Please respect copyright.PENANALsrknQlqOL
487Please respect copyright.PENANAswUsdWfuX5
(圖4)科學家透過測量不同年代的孔蟲化石外殼的氧原子狀態,從而推論出不同時代的海洋溫度。487Please respect copyright.PENANApangX2Ca6y487Please respect copyright.PENANAP3TBAtDTcW
487Please respect copyright.PENANAYnFpWmMOYn
從圖中可見,海洋的溫度正呈著不斷下降的趨勢。487Please respect copyright.PENANAfLwZ7ZnUqM
487Please respect copyright.PENANAPTafS2YZLf
海洋溫度會影響大海吸收二氧化碳的能力及內裡的生物鏈,而海洋溫度正不斷下降,究竟是好還是壞呢?487Please respect copyright.PENANAK3t1dJkhIo
487Please respect copyright.PENANAengqeu8PqI
487Please respect copyright.PENANA74DEnLTERD
487Please respect copyright.PENANAFFCeX0nXlI
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。487Please respect copyright.PENANA2O41kxuIxF
487Please respect copyright.PENANAEISbHKLZ1Z
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc487Please respect copyright.PENANA6lw3DIqzTN
487Please respect copyright.PENANA8dqey9B5Oe
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。487Please respect copyright.PENANASGx1Nwr7wk
487Please respect copyright.PENANA4tGQMYXgOJ
Link:487Please respect copyright.PENANAL7cTw2s43K
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio487Please respect copyright.PENANAYytLSWyH3d
487Please respect copyright.PENANAM0jupWtAx9
487Please respect copyright.PENANA0hphF1jm7p
除非Facebook及IG重開侵侵的account,否則我的IG將不會再作更新,只會寄居本土LIHKG及Penana。487Please respect copyright.PENANAHTVhEwXblR
487Please respect copyright.PENANATUEdzRdqUu
Ref1:https://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~peter/Resources/Seminar/readings/Ravelo%20&%20Hillaire-Marcel.2007.pdf487Please respect copyright.PENANA0h8ML9JkUQ
Ref2:https://science.sciencemag.org/content/371/6534/1148487Please respect copyright.PENANApds5W3wDp2