鐮刀型紅血球疾病Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)和輸血依賴型地中海貧血症Transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT)是兩款基因變異所致的遺傳病。545Please respect copyright.PENANAQT92p5OKzK545Please respect copyright.PENANAvBwcCNMBYZ
545Please respect copyright.PENANAgt3PX3GIx1
這兩種遺傳病的患者,必須經常透過輸血來抵抗疾病牽伸出的各種問題。545Please respect copyright.PENANAUG2b7z9Bgv
除為生活帶來不便外,經常輸血亦會導致血液的鐵含量增加,血鐵過高可引致器官衰竭。545Please respect copyright.PENANAzli37vRHCG
現時雖有各種手段可減低血液的鐵含量,但有不少患者依然受著血鐵過高引致的問題困擾。545Please respect copyright.PENANAlKLSoFDXtq
545Please respect copyright.PENANA8tqQrkYk2f
(圖2)Globin蛋白是構成紅血球的主要蛋白質,共有α、β、 γ三種。545Please respect copyright.PENANA53AlLB6C6w545Please respect copyright.PENANAprp3zwVibt
545Please respect copyright.PENANAFRKvSkuFyv
而βGlobin蛋白的基因變異就是造成SCD及TDT疾病的主因,導致紅血球沒法正常輸送氧氣到各身體部份。545Please respect copyright.PENANAGIFh27enaA
545Please respect copyright.PENANAGLIBXRT0F6
當我們還在母體內的時候,紅血球是以兩條α兩條γ Globin蛋白的方式組成。545Please respect copyright.PENANAtsB23dMytp
但出世後的三個月左右,紅血球便會以兩條α兩條β Globin蛋白的方式組成,逐漸取代兩條α兩條γ。545Please respect copyright.PENANA4efxjJvVD9
545Please respect copyright.PENANAyHHtppSsaL
基於SCD及TDT的問題是出自在βGlobin蛋白上,所以患者嬰兒頭三個月的時候並不會出現病徵。545Please respect copyright.PENANAe0DQNiJU4b
545Please respect copyright.PENANAdajMSlph5h
(圖3)SCD及TDT的問題純粹是出自在βGlobin蛋白的變異,但他們的α及γGlobin蛋白實情是並沒有問題。545Please respect copyright.PENANAeH3WpNvvou545Please respect copyright.PENANACv8Cfa1Bnr
545Please respect copyright.PENANAZMAqmldOrN
如果能找出方法驅使他們的身體製作用α及γGlobin蛋白以成的紅血球,那豈不是治病良方?545Please respect copyright.PENANAokKG7RxHKI
545Please respect copyright.PENANAjHu4kVktQJ
各種證據均指出,促使紅血球以2α2β方式呈現是源自於一隻名為BCL11A的蛋白質。545Please respect copyright.PENANAm8egq9RbvG
因此,科學家及醫生們嘗試利用CRISPR基因編輯技術整走BCL11A蛋白質,希望以2α2γ的方式根治為SCD及TDT疾病(Ref1)。545Please respect copyright.PENANAKpkrP3UZOT
545Please respect copyright.PENANAqo7NPY2r7d
CRISPR基因編輯技術延伸閱讀:545Please respect copyright.PENANAopGrVFWwTT
https://www.penana.com/article/465369545Please respect copyright.PENANA4nWval47xO
https://www.penana.com/article/465345545Please respect copyright.PENANAnQyjzDRPqi
545Please respect copyright.PENANAaKtTSBvMrz
(圖4)整個過程的簡要為:545Please respect copyright.PENANArZw4jFQg8O545Please respect copyright.PENANATKXWjONjrP
545Please respect copyright.PENANAVnwNvAKrGy
首先促使病人血液充滿製作血細胞的幹細胞,繼而從血液中提取適合的幹細胞。545Please respect copyright.PENANAKlzDcdRJnH
在實驗室內,利用CRISPR技術對製作BCL11A蛋白質的基因進行切割,545Please respect copyright.PENANAwJ3EAkEsbd
大幅度減低造血幹細胞製作BCL11A蛋白質的能力。545Please respect copyright.PENANA4d2JcIRHTc
最後再將基因編輯過的造血幹細胞注入在病人已被醫藥方式清除大部份幹細胞的骨髓內。545Please respect copyright.PENANAdZVmPwvdCC
545Please respect copyright.PENANAs3lbdbqVpB
(圖5)圖中分別為兩名病人手術後的數據。545Please respect copyright.PENANAUJJZbzQYYv545Please respect copyright.PENANAIsoTTfLe2m
545Please respect copyright.PENANAAYjBFYm5p1
藍色區域為2α2γ紅血球,綠色及紫色區域為2α2β紅血球。545Please respect copyright.PENANARts7CAQ7JW
545Please respect copyright.PENANAysGF9FQx2y
經過手術後, 2α2γ紅血球數量大升,而最振奮人心的是兩名病人手術後再也不用進行任何輸血(暫時所知時段為病人手術後的18個月),其間的副作用一律均被順利治癒。545Please respect copyright.PENANAmvy9Rcavjm
545Please respect copyright.PENANAIQ3MybLOkO
CRISPR技術一直有著垢病有機會對預期以外的基因進行編輯,但此研究並沒有觀察得到出現此情況。545Please respect copyright.PENANATLMYyvEemU
而陸續至少有六名病人進利了一模一樣的手術,暫時所得的數據與文章一致。545Please respect copyright.PENANAPftg8NE1ct
545Please respect copyright.PENANA5POMAMGY1V
由此可以預見得到,CRISPR技術將會陸續成為醫治遺傳病的主流。545Please respect copyright.PENANAfCZopQkrLV
545Please respect copyright.PENANAaEYrhDrMjM
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。545Please respect copyright.PENANAk6XVyNtMoE
545Please respect copyright.PENANAATRwXy4YJK
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc545Please respect copyright.PENANAi4wDoiihUD
545Please respect copyright.PENANAYJzTeWr2YJ
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。545Please respect copyright.PENANAfIif86RWwh
545Please respect copyright.PENANAbCMZmrji98
Link:545Please respect copyright.PENANA3xElwNA6j5
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio545Please respect copyright.PENANApMOlKfXr2X
545Please respect copyright.PENANA9D0Zlpdh38
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。545Please respect copyright.PENANALJwdw8k8EP
545Please respect copyright.PENANAAQ0wnAciNY
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/545Please respect copyright.PENANA9iXwDX5Hjo
545Please respect copyright.PENANA05xa19Isal
Ref1:https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2031054545Please respect copyright.PENANAAD7iGRkRuQ