鐮刀型紅血球疾病Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)和輸血依賴型地中海貧血症Transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT)是兩款基因變異所致的遺傳病。442Please respect copyright.PENANAT9ehJYP7tX442Please respect copyright.PENANAhoe3jfNIei
442Please respect copyright.PENANAOEep1U541Y
這兩種遺傳病的患者,必須經常透過輸血來抵抗疾病牽伸出的各種問題。442Please respect copyright.PENANAvg6HuyepZx
除為生活帶來不便外,經常輸血亦會導致血液的鐵含量增加,血鐵過高可引致器官衰竭。442Please respect copyright.PENANAcqnmYDfDAJ
現時雖有各種手段可減低血液的鐵含量,但有不少患者依然受著血鐵過高引致的問題困擾。442Please respect copyright.PENANA9NNiWKbCJ7
442Please respect copyright.PENANAKLeqnRT9d3
(圖2)Globin蛋白是構成紅血球的主要蛋白質,共有α、β、 γ三種。442Please respect copyright.PENANA4BK6ebg9zb442Please respect copyright.PENANAWGNxHhHB8x
442Please respect copyright.PENANABcb9wS9GhC
而βGlobin蛋白的基因變異就是造成SCD及TDT疾病的主因,導致紅血球沒法正常輸送氧氣到各身體部份。442Please respect copyright.PENANAEuYjlQNCM0
442Please respect copyright.PENANAknoQrK2kvs
當我們還在母體內的時候,紅血球是以兩條α兩條γ Globin蛋白的方式組成。442Please respect copyright.PENANAdRwyymySnq
但出世後的三個月左右,紅血球便會以兩條α兩條β Globin蛋白的方式組成,逐漸取代兩條α兩條γ。442Please respect copyright.PENANAiTZ0ECui4x
442Please respect copyright.PENANAADCxnPXqv2
基於SCD及TDT的問題是出自在βGlobin蛋白上,所以患者嬰兒頭三個月的時候並不會出現病徵。442Please respect copyright.PENANAWmzVHm8evq
442Please respect copyright.PENANA7OVC2BU3oW
(圖3)SCD及TDT的問題純粹是出自在βGlobin蛋白的變異,但他們的α及γGlobin蛋白實情是並沒有問題。442Please respect copyright.PENANApbMomxP5z7442Please respect copyright.PENANAhTlzzwEium
442Please respect copyright.PENANAYfVTWXPkI4
如果能找出方法驅使他們的身體製作用α及γGlobin蛋白以成的紅血球,那豈不是治病良方?442Please respect copyright.PENANAn5v5SMO39P
442Please respect copyright.PENANAxA8UNhbbzI
各種證據均指出,促使紅血球以2α2β方式呈現是源自於一隻名為BCL11A的蛋白質。442Please respect copyright.PENANAmI6YN0bfB6
因此,科學家及醫生們嘗試利用CRISPR基因編輯技術整走BCL11A蛋白質,希望以2α2γ的方式根治為SCD及TDT疾病(Ref1)。442Please respect copyright.PENANAxevFSCEjbE
442Please respect copyright.PENANAh41liCpFdE
CRISPR基因編輯技術延伸閱讀:442Please respect copyright.PENANAHbdAJbTbky
https://www.penana.com/article/465369442Please respect copyright.PENANAHTdoYokDk2
https://www.penana.com/article/465345442Please respect copyright.PENANAqD8zP7bWow
442Please respect copyright.PENANADgH7u1iqhH
(圖4)整個過程的簡要為:442Please respect copyright.PENANAip7mdgvu84442Please respect copyright.PENANA9miSy7Awvt
442Please respect copyright.PENANA38dtLoSsFI
首先促使病人血液充滿製作血細胞的幹細胞,繼而從血液中提取適合的幹細胞。442Please respect copyright.PENANAkQOfaTIlR0
在實驗室內,利用CRISPR技術對製作BCL11A蛋白質的基因進行切割,442Please respect copyright.PENANASA8MSLyCTX
大幅度減低造血幹細胞製作BCL11A蛋白質的能力。442Please respect copyright.PENANAYHMXP0PT5r
最後再將基因編輯過的造血幹細胞注入在病人已被醫藥方式清除大部份幹細胞的骨髓內。442Please respect copyright.PENANAq03GnAi6Qz
442Please respect copyright.PENANAiyO7CUUPdB
(圖5)圖中分別為兩名病人手術後的數據。442Please respect copyright.PENANAxbxoLPbcwK442Please respect copyright.PENANAQcySw1w8yR
442Please respect copyright.PENANAcg90EnQV2K
藍色區域為2α2γ紅血球,綠色及紫色區域為2α2β紅血球。442Please respect copyright.PENANA5rr1Re0rLs
442Please respect copyright.PENANAXOxzQpFoLu
經過手術後, 2α2γ紅血球數量大升,而最振奮人心的是兩名病人手術後再也不用進行任何輸血(暫時所知時段為病人手術後的18個月),其間的副作用一律均被順利治癒。442Please respect copyright.PENANAeErv3wijn6
442Please respect copyright.PENANApYVsVUUK8g
CRISPR技術一直有著垢病有機會對預期以外的基因進行編輯,但此研究並沒有觀察得到出現此情況。442Please respect copyright.PENANAuIp9Xb9bvU
而陸續至少有六名病人進利了一模一樣的手術,暫時所得的數據與文章一致。442Please respect copyright.PENANALqBIPu3Cdc
442Please respect copyright.PENANAh8MzkjHQaJ
由此可以預見得到,CRISPR技術將會陸續成為醫治遺傳病的主流。442Please respect copyright.PENANAe3Znazs9fA
442Please respect copyright.PENANAD3JpVBGnh1
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。442Please respect copyright.PENANA0syP28t75d
442Please respect copyright.PENANAaupUu83RM4
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc442Please respect copyright.PENANAZLzlzgHENs
442Please respect copyright.PENANAZnA4BoUxTs
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。442Please respect copyright.PENANAkz83JTfsPy
442Please respect copyright.PENANAPL7S00f2U5
Link:442Please respect copyright.PENANAfNq03ZYJCf
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio442Please respect copyright.PENANAO93iAPgAU0
442Please respect copyright.PENANABFumAAaS47
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。442Please respect copyright.PENANACn8fcy1SBR
442Please respect copyright.PENANA0BMfiO3wUp
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/442Please respect copyright.PENANAB3956kntfn
442Please respect copyright.PENANAYyQvUsS0mv
Ref1:https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2031054442Please respect copyright.PENANA0KnVDi6R49