普遍來說,雞肉和豬肉我們通常都會煮熟才吃,但牛肉就偏偏可以選擇幾成熟來品嘗,究竟點解呢?869Please respect copyright.PENANAweQMCDVsym869Please respect copyright.PENANA0LRqtfzpFc
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事實上,生吃食物始終會有一定風險,有機會導致食物中毒,純粹因為牛肉的風險相對比雞肉和豬肉較低,所以才有「生食」牛肉的選擇。869Please respect copyright.PENANAIEVYFOeF0p
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近在2020年6月,美國號令回收4萬三千磅牛肉,原因就是化驗證實那批牛肉含有令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌,老是在美國牛肉常出現的O157:H7品種。869Please respect copyright.PENANAhffzk50KU8
(這不是食神劇情,而是確實新聞,Ref1)869Please respect copyright.PENANAjxsttnH0DF
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而自從90年代發現這品種後,美國規定牛肉出售前必須測量是否含有某幾種令人肚瀉的大腸幹菌。這一次為何能夠流出市面,那就不得而知了。869Please respect copyright.PENANAr4ubFbnGOs
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在繼續講解之前,我們先以超簡略的方式認識一下細菌的外部構造。(圖2)869Please respect copyright.PENANAK1NpMCIv8f869Please respect copyright.PENANA3suXfgLRjO
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Capsule869Please respect copyright.PENANAIbqwe1bSx7
防止細菌脫水869Please respect copyright.PENANAnQJxE6jOGE
保護自己免被人類的吞噬細胞吞噬869Please respect copyright.PENANAFakFgyIXht
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Pili869Please respect copyright.PENANAQpICN4YqVP
用來抓實接觸面,例如腸道壁膜,同時亦都可以用來幫助移動869Please respect copyright.PENANAiVVipLeyAm
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Flagellum869Please respect copyright.PENANAvKXOJc9dwp
會以螺旋槳的方式轉動,讓細菌可以隨意走動869Please respect copyright.PENANA1nlVCf5NuR
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如有興趣想知道細菌和病毒的分別,可閱讀我之前所寫的文章869Please respect copyright.PENANAdrB37aKyUY
https://www.penana.com/article/465358869Please respect copyright.PENANAwyaxd4opSx
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(圖3)令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌有好多種,而經常因為食用未煮熟的牛肉而出現在新聞的是Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)。869Please respect copyright.PENANA7oonU8b0xI
顧名意義,它們能夠釋放Shiga toxin這有毒物質,而E coli則是大腸幹菌的簡稱。869Please respect copyright.PENANAwFdZwZg6re
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O157:H7品種,就是STEC的一種,潛伏期為2-3日。它們被曾證實可以逗留在外間土壤21個月有多,只有70度以上高溫才能確保徹底消滅它們。869Please respect copyright.PENANA0AhJYBZfoe
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它們最為麻煩的地方,就是能夠抵禦胃酸,有能力從胃部游走到腸道。869Please respect copyright.PENANAj9QQ49InJz
到達腸道位置後,它們所釋放的Shiga toxin能夠對腸壁的細胞造成傷害,引致腹瀉及脫水。869Please respect copyright.PENANAa6rgnd9p3b
嚴重情況下更會引致溶血性尿毒綜合症(HUS),對腎臟造成長久傷害。869Please respect copyright.PENANAQmhL5ZyTvu
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而最「令人意想不到」的是,此病絕對不可以用抗生素來醫治。869Please respect copyright.PENANAeh2ToGt0G6
因為用抗生素來傷害它們的話,只會導致更多Shiga toxin從它們身上釋出體外,適得其反。869Please respect copyright.PENANAfKBCOUKVAP
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通常情況下,醫生會抽取病人的糞便樣本,斷症腹瀉是否由STEC而起。869Please respect copyright.PENANA8jeaX0z3yE
如果屬實,可以做的方法就是盡量讓病人補充水份,避免脫水情況過於嚴重,並等待身體自我康復。869Please respect copyright.PENANAgiUJgcdH0l
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照這個情況來看,或者,侵侵吃Well Done牛排是有他的道理......869Please respect copyright.PENANAOesm0FmbM7
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當然,如果牛肉來貨沒有問題,而處理上一切衛生措施做足的話,應該不會引起太大問題的。869Please respect copyright.PENANAFO0MTNPaUT
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至少我都暫時未試過因為食生牛扒而肚瀉。869Please respect copyright.PENANAc1IDth676V
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(在摸著木塊下的情況寫下這句。)869Please respect copyright.PENANAnzd9WeI7iv
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。869Please respect copyright.PENANAX4SfMznFlB
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc869Please respect copyright.PENANAfVNFb9Rkp7
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。869Please respect copyright.PENANAaVHMmf9XPe
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Link:869Please respect copyright.PENANAnz7VvGdNeh
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio869Please respect copyright.PENANAMV9H8DlmNx
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。869Please respect copyright.PENANACjuBblNYe3
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