普遍來說,雞肉和豬肉我們通常都會煮熟才吃,但牛肉就偏偏可以選擇幾成熟來品嘗,究竟點解呢?746Please respect copyright.PENANANPaAd5NPaM746Please respect copyright.PENANAnlN5Xxk3c3
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事實上,生吃食物始終會有一定風險,有機會導致食物中毒,純粹因為牛肉的風險相對比雞肉和豬肉較低,所以才有「生食」牛肉的選擇。746Please respect copyright.PENANACwcLCytgmc
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近在2020年6月,美國號令回收4萬三千磅牛肉,原因就是化驗證實那批牛肉含有令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌,老是在美國牛肉常出現的O157:H7品種。746Please respect copyright.PENANAoroijRKnjs
(這不是食神劇情,而是確實新聞,Ref1)746Please respect copyright.PENANAvzWwGTuBkx
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而自從90年代發現這品種後,美國規定牛肉出售前必須測量是否含有某幾種令人肚瀉的大腸幹菌。這一次為何能夠流出市面,那就不得而知了。746Please respect copyright.PENANAx4ncncVU0h
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在繼續講解之前,我們先以超簡略的方式認識一下細菌的外部構造。(圖2)746Please respect copyright.PENANANNRS3TaC5D746Please respect copyright.PENANA7ALE8etfTr
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Capsule746Please respect copyright.PENANArzRxLe9TIK
防止細菌脫水746Please respect copyright.PENANAh4bI5Cmrm9
保護自己免被人類的吞噬細胞吞噬746Please respect copyright.PENANAqzXrWU1yMb
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Pili746Please respect copyright.PENANAExCHCPUkJG
用來抓實接觸面,例如腸道壁膜,同時亦都可以用來幫助移動746Please respect copyright.PENANAntFATKZwyd
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Flagellum746Please respect copyright.PENANAIfdtyaBWhm
會以螺旋槳的方式轉動,讓細菌可以隨意走動746Please respect copyright.PENANAozeLAISa4g
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如有興趣想知道細菌和病毒的分別,可閱讀我之前所寫的文章746Please respect copyright.PENANAz5RW719n8v
https://www.penana.com/article/465358746Please respect copyright.PENANAi22eI2rHD7
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(圖3)令人腹瀉的大腸幹菌有好多種,而經常因為食用未煮熟的牛肉而出現在新聞的是Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)。746Please respect copyright.PENANA8hlnQ6D0ak
顧名意義,它們能夠釋放Shiga toxin這有毒物質,而E coli則是大腸幹菌的簡稱。746Please respect copyright.PENANACOuAy0Q1RU
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O157:H7品種,就是STEC的一種,潛伏期為2-3日。它們被曾證實可以逗留在外間土壤21個月有多,只有70度以上高溫才能確保徹底消滅它們。746Please respect copyright.PENANA316Bzw30my
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它們最為麻煩的地方,就是能夠抵禦胃酸,有能力從胃部游走到腸道。746Please respect copyright.PENANAYpDfMAoc5l
到達腸道位置後,它們所釋放的Shiga toxin能夠對腸壁的細胞造成傷害,引致腹瀉及脫水。746Please respect copyright.PENANAqtcZyLCvMf
嚴重情況下更會引致溶血性尿毒綜合症(HUS),對腎臟造成長久傷害。746Please respect copyright.PENANA6rEpAF8G4a
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而最「令人意想不到」的是,此病絕對不可以用抗生素來醫治。746Please respect copyright.PENANAWruVQOss57
因為用抗生素來傷害它們的話,只會導致更多Shiga toxin從它們身上釋出體外,適得其反。746Please respect copyright.PENANAzqnoEFc5d1
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通常情況下,醫生會抽取病人的糞便樣本,斷症腹瀉是否由STEC而起。746Please respect copyright.PENANAte7YMP743t
如果屬實,可以做的方法就是盡量讓病人補充水份,避免脫水情況過於嚴重,並等待身體自我康復。746Please respect copyright.PENANA6t4SHQwmk7
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照這個情況來看,或者,侵侵吃Well Done牛排是有他的道理......746Please respect copyright.PENANA63ljssP8Bg
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當然,如果牛肉來貨沒有問題,而處理上一切衛生措施做足的話,應該不會引起太大問題的。746Please respect copyright.PENANA5ULV0LTQzO
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至少我都暫時未試過因為食生牛扒而肚瀉。746Please respect copyright.PENANANMKZcXmHg3
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(在摸著木塊下的情況寫下這句。)746Please respect copyright.PENANADXfUcDHvc6
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。746Please respect copyright.PENANAfADcoHbaFa
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc746Please respect copyright.PENANAPWL4H5ajTY
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。746Please respect copyright.PENANACzrkEpPinf
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Link:746Please respect copyright.PENANAnPEbc81pGO
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio746Please respect copyright.PENANAK70K6IPLKk
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。746Please respect copyright.PENANAvIerrydIpO
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