埃及斑蚊,英文名為yellow fever mosquito,學名為Aedes aegypti,是白紋伊蚊的近親。689Please respect copyright.PENANAaAEB3aAO5B
689Please respect copyright.PENANAGcdGVFlOxh
(圖1)男性品種不會叮人,只有女性品種才會叮人,藉著吸血等途徑傳播登革熱(Dengue Fever)等疾病。689Please respect copyright.PENANAGKLbiwehZO689Please respect copyright.PENANA562befqDyJ
689Please respect copyright.PENANAMGyBCVD76U
殺蟲劑雖能殺滅蚊子,但蚊子亦逐漸展示出對殺蟲劑的抗藥性。689Please respect copyright.PENANAJ5eKIc6NJ6
689Please respect copyright.PENANAlFF9bZmHqJ
而基於殺蟲劑會污染環境及危害部份雀鳥昆蟲健康關係,建立另類對付播毒蚊子的方法可謂有著絕對的迫切性。689Please respect copyright.PENANAo8OtnNpbq8
689Please respect copyright.PENANAW2l3LCwRku689Please respect copyright.PENANAeEmhZ2KN3W
689Please respect copyright.PENANAJfXcuyI2HI
(圖2)有見及此,Oxitec公司(現為美國公司收購)培養出埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。689Please respect copyright.PENANAgeO1MaNCqa
牠們在幼蟲的時候需要四環黴素(Tetracycline)才能成功生長。在實驗室培植的時候,研究人員會在食物裡提供四環黴素,但當他們被放到野外的時候,便再也沒能取得足夠的四環黴素,沒能順利生長成為蚊子。689Please respect copyright.PENANA7t04ONtMNd
689Please respect copyright.PENANAT5vH5gmuAG
男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種與女性正常品種交配的話,將有機會產生正常品種及OX513A品種的蚊卵。689Please respect copyright.PENANAcEzHIq49C4
689Please respect copyright.PENANANKUwbuhVqx
在野外缺乏四環黴素的情況下,正常品種有86–88%成功長大為蚊子,而OX513A品種則只有3-4%的成功率。689Please respect copyright.PENANA9btge7Pj87
689Please respect copyright.PENANAQy35eTn6AJ
以這個方式推算下去的話,蚊子下一代的比率將會大幅度減低。689Please respect copyright.PENANAQpQ64HGaCJ
689Please respect copyright.PENANAawPEFzLF7e689Please respect copyright.PENANAV1TgqdE7FV
689Please respect copyright.PENANA2c6NcjWe9v
(圖3)Oxitec公司在2010年英國開曼群島藉著此方式消除80%野外埃及斑蚊。689Please respect copyright.PENANALa2WUQUZLe
而亦在2013年巴西巴伊亞州順利用上同樣方式消除~90%野外埃及斑蚊。689Please respect copyright.PENANAm72WYzcFt8
689Please respect copyright.PENANAslgNuVpWWM
今年2020年8月,他們同樣依這種方式在美國佛羅里達發放男性男性埃及斑蚊OX513A品種。689Please respect copyright.PENANABZfpuCcRdR
689Please respect copyright.PENANA1jKHEsrQ0C
此舉泛起不少反對聲音,不乏違反動物權利及人權等等。689Please respect copyright.PENANAErOwfRECMJ
689Please respect copyright.PENANAaGy3vdVj06
亦有人認為此舉會破壞生態平衡,奈何此方法只會滅殺埃及斑蚊,不會影響其他蚊子品種,其他物種可照樣進食其他蚊子品種代替,不見得有任何大影響。689Please respect copyright.PENANA5stiUCmAGV
689Please respect copyright.PENANAbiMcOd3i5Q
至於亦有人認為埃及斑蚊有機會因而大遷徙到第二區域,這點反而有著潛在的可能性,值得探討一下。
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睇番一大輪資料後,發覺原來依篇文所寫的方法係佢哋用係巴西的方法,18個月之內係有成效,之後蚊子數量回升。689Please respect copyright.PENANAswILcVUDQu
689Please respect copyright.PENANACu6KzdMhV3
今次美國所用的方法係OX5034,同舊原理差唔多,但女性BB會死,而男性BB唔會。689Please respect copyright.PENANAESSHcBqcqi
689Please respect copyright.PENANATgmToZ8bcq
無睇到佢哋媒體資料,只係睇咗佢哋之前所發出的學術文章,所以資料有錯,對不起。
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc689Please respect copyright.PENANALLI1Uxe9vv
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。689Please respect copyright.PENANAtgsg9SCxhY
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Link:689Please respect copyright.PENANA3lFT1X8NP4
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio689Please respect copyright.PENANAEWYs4uw3B4
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有興趣接收科普資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。689Please respect copyright.PENANAnLNFNeDeH2
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Ref:689Please respect copyright.PENANA3NVGuyzc07
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6072261/#R3689Please respect copyright.PENANAWoWGA6oeS9
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4489809/689Please respect copyright.PENANAzYLAWmtUvd
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1865532/689Please respect copyright.PENANASlunMc31BX
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4063546/
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