血型有很多種分類方法,較為最用的是ABO血型及Rh+-方法,原因是這兩種方法尤其是ABO血型方面出現不配合情況的話,將會引起實際上的醫學負面效果。651Please respect copyright.PENANAYPCOhWQUKs
651Please respect copyright.PENANA31L1vx1DxE
而其他類型血型分辨方式得出的結果就算有所不吻合,也不會釀成重大或可見的醫學問題。651Please respect copyright.PENANAc2NaqxraSQ
651Please respect copyright.PENANACq0raHkaLf651Please respect copyright.PENANAn3U9mTsb3z
651Please respect copyright.PENANAgqT6isNiHN
(圖1)ABO血型的界定,取決於紅血球上的表面糖份組織結構,而每個紅血球的表面則接近有差唔多一百萬份這些糖份組織結構。651Please respect copyright.PENANAsJSz5vBXae
651Please respect copyright.PENANAlZ3Y5x7B1E
除紅血球外,身體器官各細胞也擁有這些ABO糖份組織,所以在器官移植領域上亦相當重視ABO的吻合度。651Please respect copyright.PENANAXBIcDJFwpd
651Please respect copyright.PENANALSbeNUZOms651Please respect copyright.PENANArl8GaVLOG1
651Please respect copyright.PENANAIhKR9m5EAG
(圖2)我們體內產生的抗體,將會用來對抗外來品種的紅血球。651Please respect copyright.PENANAnPzMkRLWYR
651Please respect copyright.PENANAEtikMQC9Sw
O型血的人體內會產生出對抗A及B型糖份結構的抗體,摧毀對應的紅血球功能,因此沒法接收A、B或者AB血型的血液。651Please respect copyright.PENANAOS75vx1g5C
651Please respect copyright.PENANAsCDLSDjaOa
有一點值得注意的是,無論任何血型的血液也好,我們體內均沒有對抗O血型糖份結構的抗體。651Please respect copyright.PENANAUMhvfXmHeT
651Please respect copyright.PENANAN2CjekRy0e
651Please respect copyright.PENANAnqc1coVqcW
651Please respect copyright.PENANAxs48io001X
651Please respect copyright.PENANA1StTLHSKlg
651Please respect copyright.PENANAYA5Z6yoJnP
(圖3)正因為沒有O型抗體這回事,若然利用蛋白酶改變紅血球表面的糖份組織結構,就能夠統一將所有血型O型化,簡化思考抗體排斥的問題。651Please respect copyright.PENANABBZrGOEQVv
651Please respect copyright.PENANALrJZvGnAGM
這是不少科學家一直在研究的問題,事實上早在80年代已成功把B型血轉化成為O型血,但所需的功夫並不符合成本效益。651Please respect copyright.PENANA2A5nd0RhPE
651Please respect copyright.PENANA4MbylvqcUa
現時科學家們已逐步找出合適及有效率的蛋白酶能夠轉化各血型為O血型(Ref1),若能夠在學界及醫學界裡取得共識的話,將會在器官移植方面尤其有用,大幅度減免各種不理想的排斥反應。651Please respect copyright.PENANAR4huA1HgTb
651Please respect copyright.PENANAhizP6VYfa8
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。651Please respect copyright.PENANAEoN0ZWV2BL
651Please respect copyright.PENANA1ugayYKVbV
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc651Please respect copyright.PENANAxgaudaiRAh
651Please respect copyright.PENANA7WK8FqETkD
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。651Please respect copyright.PENANAkQ8U8yQgn0
651Please respect copyright.PENANAYiC7frlJAt
Link:651Please respect copyright.PENANAEzzCHtnwoh
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio651Please respect copyright.PENANAAhN8ysS3eA
651Please respect copyright.PENANAiLrTMdt5LX
651Please respect copyright.PENANAseVlp93RGH
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。651Please respect copyright.PENANAeCOycnI5zj
651Please respect copyright.PENANAjYhdvG2fJ4
651Please respect copyright.PENANAYUP6tkThj2
651Please respect copyright.PENANAsj4hzbcCsU
Ref1: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6956546/651Please respect copyright.PENANADM05VN1QrT