NASA計劃2033年派人類登陸火星,而火星大氣的氧含量只有0.14%,不足生存用,因此氧氣的供應問題必須著手解決。1086Please respect copyright.PENANAMVhvU6N0XX1086Please respect copyright.PENANARQyWz0aLfR
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(圖2)為針對此問題,NASA與MIT攜手合作,推行命為MOXIE (Mars OXygen In situ resource utilization Experiment) 的方案。1086Please respect copyright.PENANAgbIzy92FC01086Please respect copyright.PENANAurKsv1mMjO
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理論就是將火星的二氧化碳電解成為可呼吸用的氧氣及一氧化碳,箇中所產生的一氧化碳對人體有效,所以必須隔走。1086Please respect copyright.PENANAPuRL1ZcFDz
而2020的火星登陸計劃其中一項試驗,就是測試裝置能否達到每小時產生10-22克氧氣的功效。1086Please respect copyright.PENANAz9udDcB1QK
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(圖3)另一方面,根據早前鳳凰號登陸器所得出的資料,火星的水份含有大量的Mg(ClO4)2 化學物,Mg(ClO4)2 將水份的結冰點降低,促使水份在攝氏零下70度才會結冰。1086Please respect copyright.PENANAQ5NG4eLeAi1086Please respect copyright.PENANAODqNVdr6pl
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火星的年度平均溫度為攝氏零下63度,上下幅度為攝氏100度,所以水份亦會有部份時間呈液體狀態。1086Please respect copyright.PENANA8RyNH2lMO7
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有科學家嘗試運用攝氏零下36度模擬火星情景(Ref1),成功將水化解成氧氣(呼吸用)及氫氣(燃料用),不但不會產生有毒的二氧化碳,而且功率比NASA方法高出5倍有多。1086Please respect copyright.PENANAelsmK2J2Es
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雖然無法確定此理論是否真的在火星可行,但這項研究至少為2033年登陸火星的行動提供另一道製氧及燃料的方案。1086Please respect copyright.PENANAGzAZ726uY5
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Ref1:https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/11/24/20086131171086Please respect copyright.PENANAOf73dJA1CF