日常家中的污水,會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。547Please respect copyright.PENANASZplOAbSx7547Please respect copyright.PENANAcgO2XO4lv1
但你有沒有想過,污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?547Please respect copyright.PENANAIlaxiBzCnD
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(圖2)圖中的星星為北京市的中心,而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。547Please respect copyright.PENANAsFF7kYp46X547Please respect copyright.PENANAli5ZNEGVIx
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有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水,檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度(Ref1),初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。547Please respect copyright.PENANAeNPvCwdgHl
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(圖3)中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查,發現547Please respect copyright.PENANArAmGUJiDca
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41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、547Please respect copyright.PENANAPTLPY9potn
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63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備,547Please respect copyright.PENANA7JXtqGlsKR
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56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。547Please respect copyright.PENANAjJNQEZ9ZGP
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其中913個學生中,有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。547Please respect copyright.PENANA5eyf2IrDK2
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流感是由病毒引起,抗生素並不會有助治療,反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性,百害而無一利。547Please respect copyright.PENANAqjGuugKquW
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(圖4)各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。547Please respect copyright.PENANAsh6UZeV7N4547Please respect copyright.PENANAFZ0ZHlgJnS
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而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係,只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整,然後再除Ammonium的濃度,就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。547Please respect copyright.PENANAHKf4O12F17
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(圖5)最後計算結果為:547Please respect copyright.PENANAnrqRaP6Xlf
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北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。547Please respect copyright.PENANAiHYCoINj5P547Please respect copyright.PENANA2Ntg7RivNp
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文中作者聲稱,此數據比早前的數據低出70%,判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。547Please respect copyright.PENANAq0jDWP128D
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而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況,學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE),不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告,其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在,而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。547Please respect copyright.PENANAIoLLBxEnoW
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。547Please respect copyright.PENANAcgMG3Yyy9Z
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。547Please respect copyright.PENANAH8emXFl2uO
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Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877
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