鐮刀型紅血球疾病Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)和輸血依賴型地中海貧血症Transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT)是兩款基因變異所致的遺傳病。443Please respect copyright.PENANApW0Fqh5SuV443Please respect copyright.PENANAC6zEmDM5zj
443Please respect copyright.PENANAn2Tne8pybf
這兩種遺傳病的患者,必須經常透過輸血來抵抗疾病牽伸出的各種問題。443Please respect copyright.PENANACYwHpBjhZg
除為生活帶來不便外,經常輸血亦會導致血液的鐵含量增加,血鐵過高可引致器官衰竭。443Please respect copyright.PENANAJGAeCCB1Ij
現時雖有各種手段可減低血液的鐵含量,但有不少患者依然受著血鐵過高引致的問題困擾。443Please respect copyright.PENANAdvK9wKaEqb
443Please respect copyright.PENANAlpAbwWyAKQ
(圖2)Globin蛋白是構成紅血球的主要蛋白質,共有α、β、 γ三種。443Please respect copyright.PENANAoQCZpyxQwL443Please respect copyright.PENANA8vX5HcGree
443Please respect copyright.PENANAEzm5QwaNsg
而βGlobin蛋白的基因變異就是造成SCD及TDT疾病的主因,導致紅血球沒法正常輸送氧氣到各身體部份。443Please respect copyright.PENANAFdV3qc7sAs
443Please respect copyright.PENANAgXpRdt37lF
當我們還在母體內的時候,紅血球是以兩條α兩條γ Globin蛋白的方式組成。443Please respect copyright.PENANALK1Lex8GR6
但出世後的三個月左右,紅血球便會以兩條α兩條β Globin蛋白的方式組成,逐漸取代兩條α兩條γ。443Please respect copyright.PENANATMxP3ciOwZ
443Please respect copyright.PENANA5rpopfPDPn
基於SCD及TDT的問題是出自在βGlobin蛋白上,所以患者嬰兒頭三個月的時候並不會出現病徵。443Please respect copyright.PENANACePzF6DOKE
443Please respect copyright.PENANAHybFgN1Oyo
(圖3)SCD及TDT的問題純粹是出自在βGlobin蛋白的變異,但他們的α及γGlobin蛋白實情是並沒有問題。443Please respect copyright.PENANAsFTyoAxjlu443Please respect copyright.PENANAQIBYNUtHOq
443Please respect copyright.PENANAWOtCt2cugi
如果能找出方法驅使他們的身體製作用α及γGlobin蛋白以成的紅血球,那豈不是治病良方?443Please respect copyright.PENANAejHzgdT4S5
443Please respect copyright.PENANAaqUlfkWJ3q
各種證據均指出,促使紅血球以2α2β方式呈現是源自於一隻名為BCL11A的蛋白質。443Please respect copyright.PENANAKzJFcBTTZ2
因此,科學家及醫生們嘗試利用CRISPR基因編輯技術整走BCL11A蛋白質,希望以2α2γ的方式根治為SCD及TDT疾病(Ref1)。443Please respect copyright.PENANALOLSzzR2jk
443Please respect copyright.PENANAvH3UAqIhQi
CRISPR基因編輯技術延伸閱讀:443Please respect copyright.PENANABS7gmp73mn
https://www.penana.com/article/465369443Please respect copyright.PENANARCH997xq4P
https://www.penana.com/article/465345443Please respect copyright.PENANAJNIDUTT9dN
443Please respect copyright.PENANAMUrmyFxJt2
(圖4)整個過程的簡要為:443Please respect copyright.PENANAlXadDwgVJu443Please respect copyright.PENANAWpIE5ovQNs
443Please respect copyright.PENANAFLnL5IF8N2
首先促使病人血液充滿製作血細胞的幹細胞,繼而從血液中提取適合的幹細胞。443Please respect copyright.PENANAhVlUKAGfWA
在實驗室內,利用CRISPR技術對製作BCL11A蛋白質的基因進行切割,443Please respect copyright.PENANAukxbvxathL
大幅度減低造血幹細胞製作BCL11A蛋白質的能力。443Please respect copyright.PENANAIUfhyA8FRL
最後再將基因編輯過的造血幹細胞注入在病人已被醫藥方式清除大部份幹細胞的骨髓內。443Please respect copyright.PENANAIbJcnpQVlI
443Please respect copyright.PENANAEwlcYqDhgl
(圖5)圖中分別為兩名病人手術後的數據。443Please respect copyright.PENANAQlHX6gOmQ7443Please respect copyright.PENANAGMJhScKbv3
443Please respect copyright.PENANAZXJSkhxD5D
藍色區域為2α2γ紅血球,綠色及紫色區域為2α2β紅血球。443Please respect copyright.PENANAajVW6X9GoC
443Please respect copyright.PENANAPfOETEgbDT
經過手術後, 2α2γ紅血球數量大升,而最振奮人心的是兩名病人手術後再也不用進行任何輸血(暫時所知時段為病人手術後的18個月),其間的副作用一律均被順利治癒。443Please respect copyright.PENANAEjBlxlLbsc
443Please respect copyright.PENANAVUxatMJnWy
CRISPR技術一直有著垢病有機會對預期以外的基因進行編輯,但此研究並沒有觀察得到出現此情況。443Please respect copyright.PENANAgptWkJyFoN
而陸續至少有六名病人進利了一模一樣的手術,暫時所得的數據與文章一致。443Please respect copyright.PENANAg9yVerlC9o
443Please respect copyright.PENANAOepurGFacr
由此可以預見得到,CRISPR技術將會陸續成為醫治遺傳病的主流。443Please respect copyright.PENANAEESXqRiCPF
443Please respect copyright.PENANAIH63OjP9B8
如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。443Please respect copyright.PENANAkJ1214YOsY
443Please respect copyright.PENANAMw1tkJ3kHV
Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc443Please respect copyright.PENANARTrsw9cJNK
443Please respect copyright.PENANALJ9rikRhlR
同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。443Please respect copyright.PENANAa6y8FOtzZv
443Please respect copyright.PENANArrnbUDUTwO
Link:443Please respect copyright.PENANAhXUea1Ix3u
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio443Please respect copyright.PENANAl8yEmCUeoA
443Please respect copyright.PENANApLMHIyLjQS
有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。443Please respect copyright.PENANAhjNcDFW9RH
443Please respect copyright.PENANAl86VAKIWd0
https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/443Please respect copyright.PENANAFrLGtayOTH
443Please respect copyright.PENANAAdBSQTBDbu
Ref1:https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2031054443Please respect copyright.PENANAo3exjSyJZS