血型有很多種分類方法，較為最用的是ABO血型及Rh+-方法，原因是這兩種方法尤其是ABO血型方面出現不配合情況的話，將會引起實際上的醫學負面效果。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡbrT8Ze2qIn
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而其他類型血型分辨方式得出的結果就算有所不吻合，也不會釀成重大或可見的醫學問題。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡ3FDT0gxVLq
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（圖1）ABO血型的界定，取決於紅血球上的表面糖份組織結構，而每個紅血球的表面則接近有差唔多一百萬份這些糖份組織結構。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡiRH37Wta0H
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除紅血球外，身體器官各細胞也擁有這些ABO糖份組織，所以在器官移植領域上亦相當重視ABO的吻合度。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡfs8jv5XTU7
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（圖2）我們體內產生的抗體，將會用來對抗外來品種的紅血球。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡIllihGbYpf
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O型血的人體內會產生出對抗A及B型糖份結構的抗體，摧毀對應的紅血球功能，因此沒法接收A、B或者AB血型的血液。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡHdY9XXwimn
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有一點值得注意的是，無論任何血型的血液也好，我們體內均沒有對抗O血型糖份結構的抗體。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡt1SEMAJyz7
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（圖3）正因為沒有O型抗體這回事，若然利用蛋白酶改變紅血球表面的糖份組織結構，就能夠統一將所有血型O型化，簡化思考抗體排斥的問題。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡaEGBn8D4Ss
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這是不少科學家一直在研究的問題，事實上早在80年代已成功把B型血轉化成為O型血，但所需的功夫並不符合成本效益。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡqNhfcR4CDr
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現時科學家們已逐步找出合適及有效率的蛋白酶能夠轉化各血型為O血型（Ref1)，若能夠在學界及醫學界裡取得共識的話，將會在器官移植方面尤其有用，大幅度減免各種不理想的排斥反應。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡh4jqtOVNlR
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如果想我快啲出文的話，請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark，這對我非常之重要。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡPMP4tQqlda
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡxTWTB0wlBd
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」，以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文，多謝。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡuLFNg2T9WN
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Link:621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡUF9EJf9KQS
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡzbJxodQ7sO
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話，歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡWPGsvsku78
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Ref1: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6956546/621Please respect copyright.ＰＥＮＡＮＡl5PQRJVHql
