日常家中的污水,會排放至污水處理廠作淨化處理。374Please respect copyright.PENANAX8gDDHvE1s374Please respect copyright.PENANA8ieKFvaUiC
但你有沒有想過,污水其實包含著各式各樣的資料呢?374Please respect copyright.PENANAyLKyb7yHQh
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(圖2)圖中的星星為北京市的中心,而八個英文字母的所在地則為污水處理廠的位置。374Please respect copyright.PENANA1PI0RKdu0C374Please respect copyright.PENANALeWO2CdgxD
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有科學家特意從八道污水處理廠拿取未經處理過的污水,檢測裡頭的抗生素濃度(Ref1),初心是因為出自於人民對抗生素使用的認知不足。374Please respect copyright.PENANAx77z2xj0ej
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(圖3)中國在2017年對11,192個大學生作問卷調查,發現374Please respect copyright.PENANACYkZAxHzvO
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41%學生認為服食抗生素能夠加快流感治癒速度、374Please respect copyright.PENANAbiug3hFVNv
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63%學生的家中有抗生素儲備,374Please respect copyright.PENANARKqLt1Kzvh
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56%學生未經醫生許可購買抗生素。374Please respect copyright.PENANASudFe6bzAW
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其中913個學生中,有66%因報告疑似流惑徵狀而獲發抗生素。374Please respect copyright.PENANAbeR2fyB8md
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流感是由病毒引起,抗生素並不會有助治療,反之濫用抗生素只會助長細菌建立抗性,百害而無一利。374Please respect copyright.PENANANjwZii9hes
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(圖4)各種抗生素最終會有部份從排泄物的方式排出體外。374Please respect copyright.PENANA9UBOJkVly0374Please respect copyright.PENANANjwhQh8jLW
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而基於各污水處的污水的Ammonium(銨)與附近的住宅人口調查成正比的關係,只要將抗生素在污水中的濃度與人體新陳代謝的比率作出調整,然後再除Ammonium的濃度,就可以獲得各地區市民服用抗生素的大概狀況。374Please respect copyright.PENANALOzrCGD8tG
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(圖5)最後計算結果為:374Please respect copyright.PENANAR0dYKzIOWF
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北京市每1萬人口每日服用約21.9克的抗生素。374Please respect copyright.PENANAqsKtbOzlQo374Please respect copyright.PENANAdZts67Wefp
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文中作者聲稱,此數據比早前的數據低出70%,判斷中國推行抗生素管理政策後非常有效。374Please respect copyright.PENANAFZmyh2mc0E
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而這種利用污水來調查人口社會狀況,學名為Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE),不少國家亦都有廣泛使用的報告,其中印度芬蘭等國家亦在污水中找出武肺病毒的存在,而啟動病毒來源追溯程序。374Please respect copyright.PENANA1OuC974K6d
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如果想我快啲出文的話,請入去Penana網站科普專欄–薯不揀單俾一個like以及Bookmark,這對我非常之重要。374Please respect copyright.PENANAe4j4fYEM6v
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Link: https://www.penana.com/story/66244/%E7%A7%91%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84-%E8%96%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%8F%80%E5%96%AE/toc374Please respect copyright.PENANAkVkAhQF7qd
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同時亦可以在Penana網站裡按「買一嚿/半嚿薯仔」,以課金的方式推動我繼續搜羅資料寫文,多謝。374Please respect copyright.PENANAaIEJP0ZTJj
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Link:374Please respect copyright.PENANAiYPcX2Xiog
https://www.penana.com/user/27349/%E8%96%AF%E4%BB%94%E8%81%9E%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89/portfolio374Please respect copyright.PENANAggdwT7zmLD
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有興趣接收科學資訊的話,歡迎follow IG: potatopigtongue。374Please respect copyright.PENANAckDwViJQjD
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https://www.instagram.com/potatopigtongue/374Please respect copyright.PENANA1wbQ1sAZQt
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Ref1:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412018320877
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